1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Berlin (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Stadtbäume für Berlin
Short description of the intervention
The city-wide project Urban Trees for Berlin was launched in 2012 with an ambitious goal: to plant 10,000 roadside trees within five years. This campaign, a key part of the Berlin Senate's Urban Green Space Strategy, is a collaboration between the Senate Department responsible for the environment and Berlin’s district authorities. Initially set to end in 2017, the campaign was extended through 2026.
The project was created to address the loss of numerous roadside trees that were removed due to age, pests, climate stress, and other factors. Limited funds had been available to replace these trees, resulting in negative impacts on Berlin's urban climate, including higher temperatures and worsened air quality, which affect both residents and visitors. The campaign aims to reverse these impacts by securing funding for new trees, restoring greenery to the city streets, and promoting a lasting positive image of Berlin’s urban trees.
The campaign operates on a co-funding model, where individuals, organizations, and companies donate €500 per tree (individually or collectively), with the Senate covering the remaining costs from the state budget (approximately €2,000 per tree). The planting schedule and locations are organized twice annually, with information shared online to keep the public informed.
In 2022, a new assessment of the project’s progress was conducted, commissioned by the Senate to the Arbo-tec office. Around 1,000 of the 3,500 trees planted as part of the campaign by autumn 2022 were evaluated. The selected locations included plantings from all previous construction phases, spanning 12 Berlin districts, with each district having 80 trees assessed from various phases and construction lots. This comprehensive evaluation is intended to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of the Urban Trees for Berlin initiative. (3, 4)
Please specify other principal problem
Decreasing tree population in urban spaces (1)
Implementation area characterization
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2011
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2012
End date of the intervention
2026
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
To increase the urban tree population by planting thousand of roadside trees (native species) by 2026
To enhance urban life quality, greenery, health, and recreational opportunities
To replace removed or diseased trees, supporting a greener cityscape and re-greening of vacant lots
To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change (heat stress) by expanding the tree population, which aids climate adaptation, combats high temperatures, sequester carbon, and supports biodiversity with and provides habitat for flora and fauna
To engage the public in the campaign (1-4)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
The City Tree Campaign is a collaborative project between the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment and the Berlin Districts. The Senate Department oversees the campaign, managing tenders, hiring planting companies, handling public relations, and administrating finances, including donations and public funding applications. Districts identify suitable planting sites and support the process. The campaign also involves the public and businesses in fundraising to increase the city's tree population.
Trees are planted twice a year, in spring and autumn, in designated districts across the city. Between planting periods, individuals and organizations can donate to support the financing of trees, either individually or collectively. The campaign provides clear information on the planting and donation schedules, which can be accessed on its website, along with the results from previous years. Since its inception, nearly 2.5 million euros have been raised in donations. The trees are planted in vacant green or grey areas, primarily in residential districts, throughout Berlin. To ensure the trees' long-term health, they are carefully maintained during the first few years after planting.
Launched in November 2012, the campaign was initially extended until 2026 as part of the 2017 government program. By 2022, a total of 14,000 trees had been successfully planted. (2, 3)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Amenities offered by the NBS
Design elements for well-being
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
Unknown
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Unknown
Primary Beneficiaries
Specify primary beneficiaries
As the project aims to foster the quality of life within Berlin, the city's citizens can be identified as the primary beneficiary (Ref. 3).
Marginalized groups
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The City Tree Campaign is a joint project of the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment and the districts of Berlin. The Department is responsible for organising the campaign, call for tenders, commissioning the companies that plant the trees, landscapers and tree surveyors, as well as PR work (advertising and hotline) and handling the finances (income, administration, accounting for donations, applying for public funding).
The districts nominate available sites to be planted and provide support for tree planting. The government policy guidelines require the campaign to get the local population actively involved. In this respect, both Berlin residents and businesses are specifically invited to make donations. Companies are hired to plant the trees. (Ref. 1)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Stages of citizen and community engagement
Please specify other stage
Incipient stage: Financial support for the campaign (1-3)
Level of citizen and community engagement
Community empowerment or capacity-building initiatives
Uncommon actors ("Missing actors")
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
In July 2011, the Berlin Senate agreed to the “Urban Green Space Strategy”. On this basis, policy guidelines include the campaign City Trees for Berlin with the goal of planting and maintaining up to an additional 10,000 roadside trees in the next 5 years (2012 - 2017), to be partly financed by donations. (Ref. 1; Ref. 5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
In July 2011, the Berlin Senate agreed to the “Urban Green Space Strategy”. On this basis, policy guidelines include the campaign City Trees for Berlin with the goal of planting and maintaining up to an additional 10,000 roadside trees in the next 5 years (2012 - 2017), to be partly financed by donations. (Ref. 1; Ref. 5)
Arrangements for governance cooperation
Barriers
Unknown
Financing
Please specify total cost (EUR)
3000€ per tree; 500€ donated and 2500€ payed by the state - Total donations 2,924,120.00 € (2)
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
3000€ per tree; 500€ donated and 2500€ payed by the state - Total donations 2,924,120.00 € (2)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Type of non-financial contribution
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Entrepreneurship opportunities
No
Business models
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
--Expected lowered local temperature: "Due to the climate crisis in particular, with its long dry periods, heat and storms, fewer and fewer street trees are surviving despite all efforts in recent years - Berlin's forests and parks are also suffering. In addition, the increasing city stress caused by dirt, accidents or dog urine is causing the stability of more and more trees to dwindle, which then have to be felled.
The plantings of the city tree campaign counteract this" (4)
--Enhanced carbon sequestration: "Assuming that a tree will consume 1.5kg of CO² per day (average value), this planting programme will absorb approximately half a tonne of CO² per tree each year. When scaled up to 10,000 trees, this will take out around 5,000 tonnes of carbon per year in the city of Berlin. " (2)
--Achieved increased green space area/--Achieved increased number of species present: "It is intended to symbolize the great response to the City Tree Campaign, which, with a combination of donations and public funds, has already brought well over 14,000 additional street trees to the city since 2012 (after completion of this year's autumn planting)."(4)
Environmental impact indicators
Other indicators
more than 14.000 trees planted (2022) (Ref. 4)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Expected gain in activities for recreation and exercise: ". The past few years in particular, in which the effects of global warming were felt by all of us, have made it clear how important urban greenery is for our health and recreation" (4)
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Type of indicators
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Justice
Community satisfaction
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
Unknown
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
Yes
Goal setting and impacts delivery
Yes, from the planning phase the project aimed to address issues in these three key priority areas and it also delivered benefits across these three areas.
Reaching original project goals
Please specify the achievements of the project goals
Climate action an biodiversity:
--Expected lowered local temperature: "Due to the climate crisis in particular, with its long dry periods, heat and storms, fewer and fewer street trees are surviving despite all efforts in recent years - Berlin's forests and parks are also suffering. In addition, the increasing city stress caused by dirt, accidents or dog urine is causing the stability of more and more trees to dwindle, which then have to be felled.
The plantings of the city tree campaign counteract this" (4)
--Enhanced carbon sequestration: "Assuming that a tree will consume 1.5kg of CO² per day (average value), this planting programme will absorb approximately half a tonne of CO² per tree each year. When scaled up to 10,000 trees, this will take out around 5,000 tonnes of carbon per year in the city of Berlin. " (2)
--Achieved increased green space area/--Achieved increased number of species present: "It is intended to symbolize the great response to the City Tree Campaign, which, with a combination of donations and public funds, has already brought well over 14,000 additional street trees to the city since 2012 (after completion of this year's autumn planting)."(4)
Long-term perspective
Unknown: No information about the project's long-term sustainability.
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
City of Berlin (n.d.). Press and Photos. Accessed on August 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Urban Sustainability Exchange (n.d.). Berlin’s City Tree Campaign. Accessed on August 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
Senate Department for Mobility, Transport, Climate Protection and Environment (n.d.). Die Kampagne "Stadtbäume für Berlin". Accessed on August 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Senate Department for Mobility, Transport, Climate Protection and Environment (2022). Berliner Stadtbaumkampagne feiert 10-jähriges Jubiläum. Accessed on August 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
Senate Department for Mobility, Transport, Climate Protection and Environment (n.d.). Strategie Stadtlandschaft Berlin. Accessed on August 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Comments
An evaluation report exists but only elaborates on the state of planted trees (tree health) and if the maintenance measures are effective.
Public Images
Image
Planting new trees in a Berlin neighbourhood
Trees being planted
SenMVKU
Image
Tree signs that indicate the project
Every planted tree gets a sign that informs about the campaign
SenUMVK
Image
Map of locations
Map of locations
https://stadtbaumkampagne.berlin.de/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/
Image
Trees for Berlin
Trees for Berlin
https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/stadtbaeume/stadtbaumkampagne/presse-und-fotos/