1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Bogotá
Region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Native title of the NBS intervention
Jardín vertical edificio Santalaia
Short description of the intervention
Santalaia is a high-end, multi-family residential building located in the heart of downtown Bogota, Colombia. Santalaia is often referred to as "the green heart of Bogota" and is seen as an icon of sustainability [1]. The 11-story building was completed in 2015 and all eleven floors are engulfed in many species of plant wildlife to encourage biodiversity. There are 115,000 native plants of 10 different species covering a total area of 3117 m² [2,3].
The plants included on the exterior of the building rely on a hydroponic system and provide a model of how to increase green zones in urban areas. A vertical garden of this size provides natural beauty in the middle of concrete Bogota while mitigating the carbon footprint of more than 700 people. An additional benefit of Santalaia’s vertical garden is that the plants create a “green carpet” that serve as insulation and reduce the use of air conditioners, an increasingly valuable contribution during times of rising temperatures due to climate change [5,6].
Address

Cra. 4 # 76-2, Bogotá, Colombia
Bogotá, , 110221
Colombia

Total area
3117.00m²
NBS area
3117.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2012
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2013
End date of the intervention
2015
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
-Improve water management [4].
-Improve the air quality in the city and create a healthier environment for the citizens [4].
-Reduce urban heat island effect [3].
-Reduce internal temperature and energy consumption [3, 4].
-Encourage biodiversity [2].
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
-Santalaia Building Vertical Garden plays a role in climate change mitigation through the generation of clean energy, by helping to filter pollutants from the air, mitigating the urban heat island effect, and absorbing noise pollution through the plants, which are natural filters [4,7].
-Building a 3,117 m2 vertical garden over a large metallic structure explicitly designed for the project, completely covered with a lush layer of 115,000 native plants of 10 different species and five different families by creating urban ecosystems that attract insects and birds, positively affecting biodiversity [3,7]
-Installation of a particular hydroponic irrigation system that handles up to 42 different irrigation stations regulated automatically depending on humidity and solar radiation to optimize water consumption. "The leftover water is recycled through the living walls along with the wastewater of its residents". As a result, it improves water management by diminishing the amount of wasted water and redirecting it towards plants [6,7].
-The blanket of selected plants offers a green respite to the residents of this building and others in the environment, reduce the thermal island effect in the area and ensuring internal temperature inside the building, which reduces the need for air conditioning [4,7].
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green walls or facades
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The vertical garden of the Santalaia building was designed and constructed by The Colombian Company Groncol with the technological support of the Spanish Company Paisajismo Urbano. Completed in December 2015, the project took a total of eight months of planning and eight months of construction [3].
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Please specify other vegetation type
Endemic species [3].
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown as of September of 2021.
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown as of September of 2021.
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Please specify cost savings
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Santalaia has now the most extensive vertical garden in the world in terms of area. Its creators (Paisajismo Urbano and Groncol) define the innovative design as “the green heart of Bogota” and act as sustainability icons [3,5].
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
In 2013, the District Environmental Secretariat of Bogotá developed and disseminated the Practical Guide: green roofs and vertical gardens to promote green infrastructure and provide information on sustainability, green roofs and vertical gardens in the capital. As a result, Bogotá has approximately 32,000 m2 of green roofs and more than 1,100 m2 of vertical gardens implemented in universities, shopping centres, business buildings and restaurants [7].
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown.
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
According to the Paisajismo Urbano and Groncol Company, the building doesn't only contribute to the aesthetics of the city; it's capable of [3,4,6,7]:
-115,000 plants – carbon footprint compensation of 700 people
-3,117 m² vegetation = "oxygen for 3,100 people every year"
-42 irrigation stations= the building structure has a treatment plant that recycles excess water from the wall and some greywater from the building. The excess water is using for plant watering to optimize water consumption and reduce water waste.
-Plant coverage = Reduction of heat island effect and improved air quality.
-Air Cleansing= "Santalaia green wall offers the equivalent of air cleansing for the PMM emissions of 745 cars."
-The plants improve the building's isolation, keeping the indoor temperature low during summer, which translates into lower air conditioning usage.
-The plants were select to ensure the proper interaction between the species and create biodiversity, a vertical ecosystem where plants and microorganisms can live together proficiently.
Santalaia’s vertical garden is large enough to produce enough oxygen for 3,100 people each year. It processes heavy metals and filters more than 2,000 tons of harmful gasses.
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Description of social and cultural benefits
The Santalaia building improved the comfort and well being of its inhabitants, designed to bring the sensation of being surrounded by nature [3].
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Analysis of specific impact categories
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown as of September of 2021.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Blogging-techies. 2021. El jardín vertical más grande del mundo florece en el corazón de Bogotá. [online] Available at: https://blogging-techies.com/el-jardin-vertical-mas-grande-del-mundo-florece-en-el-corazon-de-bogota/ [Accessed 28 September 2021].
2. Container Gardenville. 2021. Santalaia: The Coolest Vertical Garden in the World - Container Gardenville. [online] Available at: https://containergardenville.com/santalaia-the-coolest-vertical-garden-world/ [Accessed 28 September 2021].
3. Greenroofs. 2021. Santalaia - Greenroofs.com. [online] Available at: https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/santalaia/ [Accessed 28 September 2021].
4. Icities4greengrowth. 2021. Santalaia Building Vertical Garden (Bogotá - Colombia) | Indian Cities 4 Green Growth. [online] Available at: http://icities4greengrowth.in/casestudy/santalaia-building-vertical-garden-bogota-colombia [Accessed 26 September 2021].
5. Infobae. 2021. Algunos de los jardines verticales más grandes del mundo están en América Latina: cuáles son. [online] Available at: https://www.infobae.com/america/carbononews/2021/03/18/algunos-de-los-jardines-verticales-mas-grandes-del-mundo-estan-en-america-latina-cuales-son/ [Accessed 28 September 2021].
6. Wonderful Engineering. 2017. World's Largest Vertical Garden Blooms In The Heart Of Bogota. [online] Available at: https://wonderfulengineering.com/worlds-largest-vertical-garden-blooms-heart-bagota/ [Accessed 28 September 2021].
7. Ideassonline. 2021. Available at: http://www.ideassonline.org/public/pdf/JardinesVerticalesColombia-ENG.pdf [Accessed 29 September 2021].
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
More than 10 different plant species from compatible families
More than 10 different plant species from compatible families
https://blogging-techies.com/el-jardin-vertical-mas-grande-del-mundo-florece-en-el-corazon-de-bogota/
Image
Santalaia Building Vertical Garden
Santalaia Building Vertical Garden
https://www.ambientebogota.gov.co/web/sda/techos-verdes-y-jardines-verticales
Image
The Santalaia Building in Bogotá
The Santalaia Building in Bogotá
https://paisajismourbano.com/blog/2015/12/17/jardin-vertical-mas-grande-del-mundo-edificio-santalaia/
Image
The plants improve the building’s isolation
The plants improve the building’s isolation
https://paisajismourbano.com/blog/2015/12/17/jardin-vertical-mas-grande-del-mundo-edificio-santalaia/
Image
Santalaia by Paisajismo Urbano and Groncol
Santalaia by Paisajismo Urbano and Groncol
https://inhabitat.com/the-worlds-largest-vertical-garden-blooms-with-85000-plants-in-the-heart-of-bogota/santalaia-vertical-garden-lead-2/
Image
irrigation stations.
Irrigation stations.
https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/santalaia/
Image
The technological base for the project utilized Paisajismo Urbano’s hydroponic green wall system – their f+p system (or “Sistema f+p”
The technological base for the project utilized Paisajismo Urbano’s hydroponic green wall system – their f+p system (or “Sistema f+p”
https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/santalaia/