1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Edinburgh
Region
Europe
Short description of the intervention
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is endorsing - Edinburgh Adapts - the city’s first climate change adaptation action plan as a demonstration site of the ClimateXChange project. The 2012 persistent heavy raining incident brought flooding and damage to beds, lawns and paths at RBGE. A study is being carried out to see the impact of weather events on their gardens and how this can be used to best deal with projected climate change. Horticulture and visitor services staff at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) and its Regional Gardens are already adapting to climate uncertainty. (ref 2, 3)
Address

Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh
Arboretum Place/Inverleith Row
Edinburgh
EH3 5LR
United Kingdom

Area boundary
POINT (-3.214035 55.966438)
POINT (-3.206849 55.968297)
POINT (-3.202751 55.96425)
POINT (-3.211398 55.962917)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google maps. Available at: https://www.google.com/maps/@55.9652316,-3.2092293,823m/data=!3m1!1e3. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
Total area
283280.00m²
NBS area
283280.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2012
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2016
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
RBGE has been taken as a ClimateXChange project Demonstration Site where the aim is to ensure that the lessons learned at RBGE during day-to-day operations are captured and fed into a climate-proof strategy for the Garden, while also informing policy development. The goals are defined as different adaptation measures such as-
1. Planting a mix of species for increased resilience to pests and diseases and a more effective windbreak and structure to shelterbelts;
2. Replacing paths with gravel or other porous materials;
3. Providing additional drainage;
4. Researching glasshouse structures and glazing systems less susceptible to wind damage. (ref 3)
Quantitative targets
unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
These are currently being explored by researchers. As in reference 4, Dr. Suzanne is collaborating with the University of Dundee to develop a suite of indicators which will provide understanding about the extent to which Scotland is prepared to cope with climate change. The indicators will inform climate change adaptation policymaking. (ref 4)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Under the Edinburgh Adapts action plan - to gain a deeper understanding of the implications of climate change for Edinburgh and to share knowledge and expertise in helping the city adapt to a changing climate, these activities are performed: excessive vegetative growth to be pruned back, changes in grass cutting regime and the use of matting or aeration techniques to reduce lawn compaction. A regular regime of maintaining existing, and installing new, drains and soakaways and facilities for water collection (such as ponds). Replacement of concrete or tarmac paths with porous paving. The study will inform climate change adaptation policy making. The new drainage and soakaways have been installed in critical areas where capacity was not sufficient. This remains a rolling programme of work as different areas of the Garden are upgraded – climate-proofing is built into all ongoing maintenance plans of RBGE. (ref 1, 2, 4)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Botanical gardens
Green areas for water management
Other
Please specify "other green areas for water management"
Replacing paths with gravel or other porous materials for drainage (ref 3)
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Researchers, university
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
1. Edinburgh Adapts is the city’s first adaptation action plan developed by the city council and The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is to endorse this Action Plan, engage with partner organisations and contribute throughout its development. 2. Horticulture and visitor services at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) and its Regional Gardens are already adapting to climate uncertainty by implementing certain measures. (ref 2, 3)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Researchers/university
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 created a framework for mitigating and adapting to climate change. (ref 2)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Edinburgh Sustainable Development Partnership, comprising key public and private stakeholders, third sector and community groups, is aligned with Sustainable Edinburgh 2020 (SE2020). The City of Edinburgh Council is committed to SE 2020. (ref 2)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Resilient Edinburgh Climate Change Adaptation Framework 2014- 2020 set out Edinburgh’s approach to increasing resilience to the impacts of climate change (ref 2)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
This project is under 'Edinburgh Adapts' : the city’s first climate change adaptation action plan (ref 2)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
the Edinburgh Sustainable Development Partnership established a Edinburgh Adapts Steering Group : strong and active membership from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, Historic Environment Scotland, Edinburgh World Heritage, University of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh Council etc. (ref 2)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Scottish Government centre of expertise on climate change – ClimateXChange (www.climateXchange.org.uk) is involved in research in this area. (ref 1, 3)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
40 million EUR (ref 1)
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
1. The goals are defined as different adaptation measures such as (ref 3)-
a. Planting a mix of species for increased resilience to pests and diseases and a more effective windbreak and structure to shelter belts.
b. Replacing paths with gravel or other porous materials
c. Providing additional drainage
d. Researching glasshouse structures and glazing systems less susceptible to wind damage.

2. RBGE will compare anecdotal evidence about changing weather with actual weather records from weather stations at each garden.
Opportunities, such as being able to grow new species in a milder future climate, will be highlighted. Maps of the gardens will be produced with a ‘trail’ showing adaptation features, and interpretative signage will be developed to explain climate impacts and adaptation measures to visitors. (reference 2)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
1. The Raingarden features a selection of Scottish native and non-native plants.
2. As well as capturing water runoff, this shrub and the perennial mix are perfect for encouraging and attracting a great diversity of wildlife to the area. The diversity of flowers will provide nectar sources for insects and bees. Leaving stems of the perennials and grasses standing over winter will provide a home for many invertebrates, as well as food for seed-eating birds. (ref 4)
Description of economic benefits
The project has the potential of protecting against flood and reducing flood damage costs (ref 2, 4).
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. The measures taken are saving the garden from flood damages increasing the perception for safety. 2. It also helps in protecting the natural heritage of Scotland and protecting the natural landscape. 3. Finally, the raingarden hosts several native and non-native species which also increase understanding their role in protecting from climate hazards. (ref 4)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Environmental, social and economic impacts
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Results from soil infiltration test and digital terrain model. (ref 4)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of August, 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
Yes
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Edinburgh Adapts (6.32 MB) 6.32 MB
RBGE annual report (3.47 MB) 3.47 MB
Martin, S., 2015 (1.39 MB) 1.39 MB
adaptation case study (240.03 KB) 240.03 KB
List of references
1. Martin, S. (2015). Climate Ready? Exploring The Impacts And Lessons From Recent Extreme Events At Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh For Climate Change Adaptation In The Horticulture Sector. Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, (12), pp.155-170. Available at: https://journals.rbge.org.uk/rbgesib/article/view/44/68. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
2. MacLeod, F. (2016). Edinburgh Adapts - Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2016-2020. Available at: https://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/application/files/5514/7940/1819/Edinburgh_Adapts_Adaptation_Action_Plan_Final_For_Web.pdf. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
3. Adaptation Scotland. (2015). Assessing and adapting to the impact of past weather events in the Horticulture Sector. Available at: http://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/get-involved/our-projects/edinburgh-adapts. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
4. RBGE. (2018). Annual report (2017-2018). Available at: https://www.rbge.org.uk/media/5382/annual-report-and-accounts-2017-2018.pdf. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
5. RBGE. (2019). Annual report (2018-2019). Available at: hhttps://www.rbge.org.uk/media/6964/annual-report-and-accounts-signed-2018-19-accessible.pdf. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
6. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (no date) The Rain garden. Available at: https://www.rbge.org.uk/collections/living-collection/sustainability-at-the-gardens/the-rain-garden/#edinburgh. Accessed on 3rd September, 2020.
Comments and notes
Additional insights
Edinburgh Adapts is the city’s first adaptation action plan. It provides a blueprint for dealing with the impacts of climate change in Edinburgh and making the city more resilient.
Public Images
Image
Flooding at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2012)
Flooding at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2012)
Ruth Monfries, retrieved 08/18/2018
Image
Raingarden Planters at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Raingarden Planters at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Ruth Monfries, retrieved 08/18/2018