1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Jakarta
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
Rain Garden dan Bioswales di lima titik di Jakarta Pusat
Short description of the intervention
Jakarta City in Indonesia deals with inundations during heavy rain periods (1,2). To overcome such flooding issues, the Central Jakarta City Government, through the Parks and Forests Sub-Department, planned and implemented four bioswales and one rain garden at five locations in Central Jakarta City (1,2,3,4). This project was aimed at saving groundwater through stormwater management and minimizing puddles around the site locations (1,4). The Head of Central Jakarta City Parks and Forests Sub-Department, Mila Ananda, conveyed this project completion in 2021 (1,2). After the successful implementation of this project, the Jakarta City Government further plans to identify similar more locations prone to inundation and implement such green infrastructure initiatives in other parts of the city (1,2,3).
Address

Jakarta
Indonesia

Area boundary
POINT (106.87327222088 -6.166959921124)
POINT (106.79933715439 -6.2060888806303)
POINT (106.84912958323 -6.2050706780191)
POINT (106.84043951206 -6.1497535536913)
POINT (106.84244560586 -6.1789438866717)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google Earth Image, available at https://www.google.com/maps/place/Central+Jakarta,+Central+Jakarta+City,+Jakarta,+Indonesia/@-6.1822265,106.8014449,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e69f436b8c94b07:0x6ea6d5398b7c82f6!8m2!3d-6.1805113!4d106.8283831!16zL20vMDdfZGdf (accessed 20-03-2023)
Total area
328.00m²
NBS area
328.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2021
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- To reduce the potential for inundation during heavy rains and overcome flood issues by application of green infrastructure strategies
- To use green infrastructure strategies like rain gardens and bioswales for stormwater management
- To develop rain gardens and bioswales in the city as a source to save groundwater
- To maximize the infiltration function of green open spaces
- To beautify the city layout by increasing green spaces, while using native species for plantation
- To create opportunities for relaxation/recreation for users (1,2,3,4).
Quantitative targets
- implement four bioswales and one rain garden
- develop a minimum of around 20 per cent of the green open space (1,2).
Monitoring indicators defined
- increase in green spaces for water management (1,2).
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
- Construction of bioswales and rain garden in green belt areas and green open spaces such as:
The four bioswales that have been implemented are RTH Manggala on Jalan Penjompongan Raya, the green line for Jalan Tambak, the green line for Industrial Road, and the green line for Simpang Lima Senen and one rain garden that has been completed is at Tamai Boi Trans Park - Jalan Letjen Suprapto (1,2,3,4). The total area of the NBS initiative was 328.03 meters such as: The Manggala RTH bioswale (​​51.22 m); Tambak Road bioswale (​​43.5 m); Industrial Road bioswale (19.12 m); Simpang Lima Senen bioswale (16.19 m); and one rain garden at existing Tamai Boi Trans Park - Jalan Letjen Suprapto (198 m) (1).
- Increase in green spaces through the use of native plantations such as papyrus, centipede ferns, red reeds, green reeds, irish, pacing pin, kadaka, latana, fountain daffodils, aralia, pretty pink, yang liu, water bamboo and lollipops (1).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Green areas for water management
Rain gardens
Swales and filter strips
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
This project development of 4 Bioswales and 1 Rain Garden at five identified locations in Central Jakarta City was implemented by Central Jakarta City Government through it's Parks and Forests Sub-Department (1,2).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Law No. 17 of 2019 (5)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Through Governor Instruction No. 52 of 2020, the Jakarta government has begun efforts to adapt the NbS approach through several intervention plans, such as GOS (green open spaces) function expansion, vertical drainage or infiltration wells under collaboration with related agencies. (5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Jakarta government, through Governor Instruction No. 52 of 2020 has begun efforts to adopt the NbS approach through several intervention plans, such as GOS (green open spaces) function expansion, vertical drainage or infiltration wells under collaboration with related agencies. (5)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Prior to the creation of the 5 bioswales, the city of Jakarta had a series of programs and investments for implementing GI: Jakarta Smart City, Green Building through the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta has issued Governor Regulation No.38 of 2012, Urban Agriculture through the Governor Regulation Number 14 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Urban Agriculture. (6)
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknwon
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Costs have not been disclosed but were provided by the DKI Jakarta. (1,2)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
No
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Bioswales are a novelty for the Global South and especially for Indonesia. (1,2)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
There's no mentioning that the innovation has been replicated from previous initiatives. (1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
It is mentioned that the Jakarta government, through Governor Instruction No. 52 of 2020 has begun efforts to adapt the NbS approach through several intervention plans, such as GOS function expansion, vertical drainage or infiltration wells under collaboration with related agencies. (5)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The intervention was expected to help with stormwater management and to expand runoff control capacity to prevent local flooding, as one of the municipality officials added that "I hope that the construction of this green infrastructure can maximize the infiltration function and reduce standing water on the road". (3) "We are sure that this bioswale and rain garden can help overcome inundation" (1)
The intervention also helped with the increase of the green space as six bioswale points or rain gardens were built on green open space, namely, on the triangle of Pulau Jalan in front of Manggala Wana Bakti, on the Median Jalan Tambak, Median Jalan Industri, the Senen Raya Island triangle, under the Karet Bivouac fly over, and the Park. East Brotherhood. (3) Vegetation cover can also reduce air temperature and energy use for air conditioning, in addition to being decorative. (6)
Furthermore, the intervention also increased the number of species present as papyrus, centipede ferns, red reeds, green reeds, irish, pacing pin, kadaka, latana, fountain daffodils, aralia, pretty pink, yang liu, water bamboo and lollipops were the types of plants planted around bioswale and rain gardens. (1)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The project aimed at improving locals' liveability by supporting community safety against flooding (1,2).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unkwown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of April 6, 2023
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Karyati, Anita. (2021). Construction of Rain Garden and Bioswale at Five Points in Central Jakarta Completed. Jakarta: beritajakarta, available at https://m.beritajakarta.id/read/94275/pembuatan-rain-garden-dan-bioswale-di-lima-titik-di-jakpus-rampung (accessed 20-03-2023)
2. Arjawinangun, Komaruddin Bagja. (2022). To Overcome Flooding, City Government of Central Jakarta Builds Rain Garden and Bioswale. SINDONEWS, available at https://metro.sindonews.com/read/654191/171/atasi-genangan-pemkot-jakpus-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale-1641920497 (accessed 20-03-2023)
3. H. A. Daelani. (2022). Atasi Genangan, Pemkot Jakpus Bangun Rain Garden dan Bioswale. Jakarta Pusat, available at https://pusat.jakarta.go.id/news/2022/atasi-genangan-pemkot-jakpus-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale (accessed 20-03-2023)
4. Rachman, Yogi. (2021). Jakarta Timur bangun "rain garden" dan "bioswale" untuk atasi banjir. Antara News, available at https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2500669/jakarta-timur-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale-untuk-atasi-banjir (accessed 20-03-2023)
5. WRI Indonesia, The Reasons for Jakarta’s Frequent Flooding and How Nature-based Solutions (NbS) Can Help Reduce the Risk, available at https://wri-indonesia.org/en/insights/reasons-jakartas-frequent-flooding-and-how-nature-based-solutions-nbs-can-help-reduce-risk#fn:2 (accessed 06-04-2023)
6. Oswar Muadzin Mungkasa, (2020), GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN JAKARTA,
BASIC UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS IN INDONESIAN CITIES, available at https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/335365-green-infrastructure-in-jakarta-basic-un-596e6631.pdf (accessed 06-04-2023)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Bioswale Plantation in the project area
Bioswale Plantation in the project area
Available at https://pusat.jakarta.go.id/news/2022/atasi-genangan-pemkot-jakpus-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale
Image
Construction of Rain Garden and Bioswale
Construction of Rain Garden and Bioswale
Photo by MNC Portal Indonesia, available at https://metro.sindonews.com/read/654191/171/atasi-genangan-pemkot-jakpus-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale-1641920497
Image
Construction Activity
Construction Activity
Available at https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2500669/jakarta-timur-bangun-rain-garden-dan-bioswale-untuk-atasi-banjir
Image
5 Project Locations in Central Jakarta with surrounding context
5 Project Locations in Central Jakarta with surrounding context
Mapped by Researcher, available at https://www.google.com/maps/place/Central+Jakarta,+Central+Jakarta+City,+Jakarta,+Indonesia/@-6.1822265,106.8014449,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e69f436b8c94b07:0x6ea6d5398b7c82f6!8m2!3d-6.1805113!4d106.8283831!16zL20vMDdfZGdf