1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Lisboa (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Parque Casal Vistoso
Short description of the intervention
The Mediterranean climate in Lisbon, already characterised by low precipitation, has been further exacerbated by climate change. The city faces challenges related to biodiversity loss, urban loneliness, and climate anxiety (1). To address these issues, Lisbon's urban development plans have prioritised the re-naturalisation of urban spaces and the integration of ecological networks. Urban nature is now a central component of the city's Master Plan (2012) and other strategic agendas (1).
It is being developed by the LISGREEN project, which aims to enhance ecological connectivity and mitigate the effects of urban heat islands in Lisbon. By establishing nature-based solutions, it aims to restore forests within the city (1, 2, 3). This project encompasses different strategies, such as the RENATURA pilot project. It is a collaboration with the NGO URBEM and involves active public participation in tree planting and forest maintenance. This initiative aims to educate the community about nature, promote well-being, and mitigate extreme climate events (1), through the creation of urban forests.
The main strategy is to create fast forests using the Miyawaki method, which involves dense planting of native trees, removal of invasive plants, and intensive initial care. This approach accelerates the growth of natural forests within a short period, using native species and reducing the need for watering (1)
The first fast forest was developed in Parque Casal Vistoso within Bela Vista Park, within the Eastern Green Corridor of Lisbon. The park is being underutilised because of the lack of shade (1). Thus, this initiative encouraged volunteers to participate in tree planting and forest maintenance activities (3). The NbS intervention began with a 300m² experimental plot near the Vale da Montanha pedestrian bridge and has since expanded to a new 1,500m² plot on the opposite side of the bridge (2). Over 500 volunteers joined the effort, planting more than 3,800 trees (1)
Implementation area characterization
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2021
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2021
End date of the intervention
2022
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
To educate the community about nature, promote people’s well-being, and mitigate extreme climate events through tree planting (1)
To create dense forests in communities quickly, making them more resilient to the present climate challenges (2, 5)
To plant diverse native species together to create resilient ecosystems (2, 5)
To foster public-private partnerships and engage local communities through collaborative, participatory processes of co-design, implementation, and maintenance (2)
To increase social inclusion, social interaction, and community’s sense of ownership (2)
To increase the use of autochthonous plants providing habitats for birds, insects, and other plants supporting biodiversity (2)
To reduce urban heat and enhance air quality (2)
To accelerate health benefits by facilitating contact with nature (2)
To complement existing NbS with new solutions (2)
To enhance ecological connectivity in the inner city (2)
To redesign urban areas, transforming the public image of urban environments (2)
To create ‘quiet’ areas inside the city, with lower noise exposure and better air quality, supporting investment into environmental health and ‘anti-stress’ lifestyles (2)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Mental health and well-being objectives
To create ‘quiet’ areas inside the city, with lower noise exposure and better air quality, supporting investment into environmental health and ‘anti-stress’ lifestyles (2)
The city faces challenges related to biodiversity loss, urban loneliness, and climate anxiety.
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
The general activities of the project are:
- Planning, execution, and ongoing management and monitoring of the Fast Forest (1, 5)
- The proper selection and procurement of local plant species, soil preparation, planting, watering, and short-term and long-term maintenance to ensure the forest’s viability (1, 5)
- Community engagement and collaboration to guarantee a sense of ownership and sustainability of the project (1, 5)
- Effective communication and marketing strategies for disseminating information about the project’s benefits and garnering support from diverse stakeholders (5)
- To ensure a bigger impact with more Fast Forests being developed in Lisbon, Urbem sets up a consultancy model with neighbourhood associations. This model provides ideation and project management on how to plant Miyawaki forests with community support (1)
- Partnership models have been explored with churches, prisons, schools and other private entities, to ensure the continuation of the project (1)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Noise reduction
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
Lisbon covers 100 sq km, with a high population density. It has an aging population (23.4% aged 65+) and growing foreign residents. Unemployment concentrates in specific city centre parishes, and its economy relies on services and tourism (5). The neighbourhoods surrounding the park are ethnically mixed and from diverse economic backgrounds (1)
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Yes
Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Citizens or community groups
Specify primary beneficiaries
The Municipality of Lisbon gains valuable insights and learnings from its experience of co-management and co-planning of a green area with a civil society organisation (5)
Residents derive tangible benefits from the improved environmental quality, aesthetics, and recreational opportunities the Fast Forest offers (5)
Wildlife and ecosystems within and adjacent to the Fast Forest benefit from habitat restoration, increased biodiversity, and ecosystem services, contributing to overall ecological integrity and resilience (5)
Future generations inherit a legacy of a healthier, more resilient urban environment, fostering intergenerational equity and stewardship (5)
Environmental organizations and NGOs gain from successfully implementing the NbS, furthering their sustainability and biodiversity conservation mission (5)
Areeiro, Marvila, and Arroios Parishes: Involved in community engagement and area development (5)
URBEM (Civil Society Organization): Receives support and knowledge from the Lisbon Municipality (5)
Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups
Environmental education of marginalised children and refugees have been carried out at the plots (1)
Specify measures taken for vulnerable or marginalized communities
Please specify other measure
Environmental education sessions to strenghten the community connection and engagement to the project (1)
Governance
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Lisbon Municipality: Coordinates the project and oversees the Green Structure Department (5). Support the project by allocating the land along with plant material, water for irrigation and tools (1, 5)
Horizon 2020 Project: Funding (2)
URBEM, ONG: it manages the Renatura pilot and provides the know-how on the practical implementation of the forests (1, 5). Co-manages the “Tiny Forest” project with expertise from the Faculty of Science (University of Lisbon) (5).
Civil society - residents and volunteers from diverse backgrounds participate in the tree-planting sessions (1)
Private organisations, like the local law firm PLMJ, also provide funding for administrative costs related to communication and assist the pilot with free services like legal consultancy and marketing support (1)
Urbem also explores partnership models with churches, prisons, schools and other private entities to access urban land (1)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Public sector institution
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
EU body
Please specify other stage
Maintainance (1)
Level of citizen and community engagement
Please specify other missing actor
Travellers (2), churches (1)
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Lisbon's Master Plan - 2012 (2)
Strategic agendas such as the 2010 Biodiversity Strategy, the 2017 Climate Adaptation Strategy, and the Climate Action Plan Lisbon 2030 (2)
The strategic alignment of sustainability strategies, policies, and ongoing NbS projects has allowed Lisbon to assert itself as a leading city in the fight against climate change, responsive to the 2030 decarbonisation targets set by the 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission, of which Lisbon is part (2)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
It is developed by the Lisbon Life-Lab, LISGREEN project, which is developing two Nature-Based Solutions (RENATURA and Ruas Verdes+) (2)
Co-managed by the NGO Urbem (1, 6)
Through a private/public partnership, Urbem encourages private actors to engage and maintain the Nature-based Solutions on public land (1)
Barriers
The co-management of urban green spaces with the private sector and NGOs is a work in progress which requires a large amount of flexibility between the parties involved (2). Communities’ public participation was not as fluid and easy as initially hoped for (2)
Other challenges encountered:
Water scarcity, Lack of funding and reliance on volunteers to commit long-term, securing the continuity of the Nature-based Solution implementation (5)
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Entrepreneurship opportunities
No
Business models
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
-Lowered local temperature: "The Fast Forest helps absorb rainwater and mitigates runoff, while the increased tree cover reduces air pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Planting trees combats the heat island effect by providing shade and cooling the surrounding area" (5)
-Enhanced carbon sequestration: "The Fast Forest helps absorb rainwater and mitigates runoff, while the increased tree cover reduces air pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Planting trees combats the heat island effect by providing shade and cooling the surrounding area" (5)
-Improved air quality: "As for urban forests in general, Mark concludes that “Seeking a plant-filled environment to filter the urban air and noise is a key requirement. Visual enjoyment follows with flowers and colour. Then, a refuge for birds and insects. " (4)
-Reduced noise exposure: "As for urban forests in general, Mark concludes that “Seeking a plant-filled environment to filter the urban air and noise is a key requirement. Visual enjoyment follows with flowers and colour. Then, a refuge for birds and insects. " (4)
-Improved stormwater management: "The Fast Forest helps absorb rainwater and mitigates runoff, while the increased tree cover reduces air pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Planting trees combats the heat island effect by providing shade and cooling the surrounding area" (5)
-Increased green space area: "Starting in a 300m2 experimental plot, adjacent to the pedestrian bridge of Vale da Montanha I, this NbS intervention has expanded to a new plot on the other side of the bridge, with 1,500m2 planted with a density of 3 species per m2" (2)
-Reduced biodiversity loss: "Urbem promotes this method as a cost-effective way to bring back biodiversity hotspots and local fauna as it can be adapted to any locality" (1)
-Increased number of species present: "Urbem promotes this method as a cost-effective way to bring back biodiversity hotspots and local fauna as it can be adapted to any locality" (1)
-Increased presence and recovery of wild species: "This technique favours the introduction of low-maintenance endemic native species" (2)
-Enhanced support of pollination: "As for urban forests in general, Mark concludes that “Seeking a plant-filled environment to filter the urban air and noise is a key requirement. Visual enjoyment follows with flowers and colour. Then, a refuge for birds and insects. " (4)
Environmental impact indicators
Green space area created (in ha)
0.18 (2)
Other indicators
+3800 trees planted (1)
Description of economic benefits
-Generation of other type of work opportunities (e.g. voluntary, work for rehabilitation): "To date, more than 20 volunteers work in their core management team and over 700 volunteers help with the implementation" (1)
-Increased property prices: "A greener neighborhood attracts businesses and investment, supporting local economic development. At the same time, the presence of a Fast Forest enhances property values." (5)
-Attraction of business and investment: "A greener neighborhood attracts businesses and investment, supporting local economic development. At the same time, the presence of a Fast Forest enhances property values." (5)
Social and cultural impact indicators
Number of participants in outdoor activities or exercise programs in green spaces
800 volunteers (8)
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Improved social cohesion: "The Fast Forest creates a new accessible green space for residents, fostering recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature, contributing to a healthier and happier community. It serves as a gathering place for community events, promoting social interaction, and cohesion." (5)
-Improved access to urban green space: "The Fast Forest creates a new accessible green space for residents, fostering recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature, contributing to a healthier and happier community. It serves as a gathering place for community events, promoting social interaction, and cohesion." (5)
-Increased opportunities for social interaction: "The Fast Forest creates a new accessible green space for residents, fostering recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature, contributing to a healthier and happier community. It serves as a gathering place for community events, promoting social interaction, and cohesion." (5)
-Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces: "To ensure bigger impact with more Fast Forests being developed in Lisbon, Urbem sets up a consultancy model with neighborhood associations. This model provides ideation and project management on how to plant Miyawaki forests with community support, which associations implement locally." (1)
-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: "This second forest has become a hub of eco-education, music and art events, host to classes like yoga, meditation, and other community gatherings" (3)
- Improved physical health: "The Fast Forest encourages outdoor activities, promoting physical health, while the planted trees improve air quality, which benefits respiratory health." (5)
-Improved prevention of respiratory problems: "The Fast Forest encourages outdoor activities, promoting physical health, while the planted trees improve air quality, which benefits respiratory health." (5)
-Enhanced cognitive restoration, relaxation and stress relief: "Spending time in nature reduces stress and improves mental well-being" (5)
-Improvement in people’s connection to nature: "The Fast Forest creates a new accessible green space for residents, fostering recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature, contributing to a healthier and happier community. It serves as a gathering place for community events, promoting social interaction, and cohesion." (5)
-Increased appreciation for natural spaces: "As for urban forests in general, Mark concludes that “Seeking a plant-filled environment to filter the urban air and noise is a key requirement. Visual enjoyment follows with flowers and colour." (4)
-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "Renatura pilot hopes to educate the community about nature, promote people’s personal well-being, and mitigate extreme climate events through tree planting. " (1)
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unkown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Yes
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
There is little feedback but the one that is found is positive. The project organizers are congratulated for the creation of the green zone.
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Please specify Trade-offs & Negative impacts Selected
Depending on project implementation, residents may face gentrification or changes in neighbourhood dynamics (5)
Emphasis of existing social inequalities or injustices
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
Yes
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, although benefits were delivered in all the 3 key areas, but in the planning phase, the project did not aim to address issues in all the 3 key priority areas.
Reaching original project goals
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Yes
Application of lessons learned
Perception of Environmental Change
Yes
NBS Supports ecological or environmental anxiety
Yes
References: NBS Supports ecological or environmental anxiety
To create ‘quiet’ areas inside the city, with lower noise exposure and better air quality, supporting investment into environmental health and ‘anti-stress’ lifestyles (2)
The city faces challenges related to biodiversity loss, urban loneliness, and climate anxiety.
References
1.
Lisbon Conexus Life-Lab (2023). Fast Forests for Lisbon: Nature, Community, Connections. Accessed on October 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Network Nature (n.d.). CONEXUS (6.1) – LISGREEN: re-naturing urban spaces in Lisbon. Accessed on October 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
URBEM (n.d.). Parque do Vale da Montanha Fast Forest: Plot 2. Accessed on October 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Global Tree Initiative (2022). A whisper from the woods. Accessed on October 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
CONEXUS (2024). LISGREEN – Renatura Fast Forests for Lisbon. Accessed on October 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
A view of the trees and vegetation of the forest created in Parque do Vale da Montanha
Fast forest in Parque do Vale da Montanha
Network Nature
Image
Fast Forest in Parque do Vale da Montanha
Fast Forest in Parque do Vale da Montanha
URBEM