1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Lisboa (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Corredor Verde de Monsanto
Short description of the intervention
In 2012, the City of Lisbon has implemented a 2,5 km green corridor connecting Monsanto Forest Park ( 900ha) and the city centre through Eduardo VII Park. (1) It is a concept of continuous natural structure, consisting of a coordinated set of green spaces that intend to continuously bring the natural space to the interior of the city (ref.3)
This corridor is a fundamental part of the Ecological Structure, a matrix formed and articulated by systems: the Mobility System, the Water and Air Circulation System, the Fluvial-Estuarine Transition System and the Structural Ecological Units System.
Address

Lisbon
Portugal

NBS area
510000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
pre-1990
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2012
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1) Improve the quality of life in the city by solving urban challenges such as heat island effect, floods, air pollution and unequal distribution of green spaces;
2) Enhancing city attractiveness by offering recreation and healthy lifestyle spaces;
3) Regulating air quality;
4) Increasing property value;
5) Creating and improving ecosystems and connections (ref.1).

Quantitative targets
Creation of a 2.5 kilometres and 51 ha green corridor, intended to contribute to continuously bring the natural space to the interior of the city. (3)
In the Forest Park of Monsanto, with 900ha of area, it is possible to enjoy a network of mixed pedestrian and bicycle routes with about 40km.(3)
Monitoring indicators defined
Green corridor area and lenght;
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
From South to North, the Monsanto Green Corridor is made up of the following units: Avenida da Liberdade; Eduardo VII Park; Jardim Amália Rodrigues (Alto do Parque); Ciclopedonal Bridge over Marquês da Fronteira Street (inaugurated in 2012); By a zone of meadow next to the Palace of Justice with about 1ha of meadow biodiversity of dry land; Park of skateboards; Two fitness areas; Viewpoints; Ciclopedonal Bridge "Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles"; Gardens of Amnesty International; Horticultural Park Jardins de Campolide; Infantile and Juvenile Playground, and the José Pinto Quinta Urban Park; All connected via a pedestrian and cycling connection. In specific areas, biodiverse extensive meadows were created instead of lawns. These offer a greater diversity of species, making the green area more balanced and requiring less water and fewer nitrogen fertilizers to maintain it. (Ref.1, and 3)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Green corridors and green belts
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Noise reduction
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Municipality of Lisbon initiated and implemented this NBS in the context of its Master Development Plan. The plan sets out guidelines and objectives for specific planning and local development. In particular, the municipal ecological structure takes into account ecological principles and the importance of preserving natural, forest, agricultural and cultural heritage. (Ref.1)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
1)The Lisbon Master development plan approved in 2012 constitutes the territorial base and the macro-program for the Lisbon green structure (ref.7).
2) MUNICIPAL STRATEGY FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE OF LISBON 2016 (ESTRATÉGIA MUNICIPAL DE ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS DE LISBOA) (ref.8)
3) Biodiversity 2020 Strategy - Biodiversidade na Cidade de Lisboa. Uma Estratégia para 2020 (ref.1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Local Action Plan for Biodiversity in Lisbon (Plano de Ação Local para a Biodiversidade em Lisboa) (REF.10)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Master development plan of the city of Lisbon (3)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Lisbon joined the Covenant of Mayors in 2009 and Mayors Adapt in 2014. In 2016, the city is set to be the first European capital to sign the new Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy. (ref.1)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
1)The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. (Oliveira et al., 2011) (2)
2) Mata. D. (2014). Lisbon´s Green Plan Actions: Towards a Green City. URL:http://www.urbanallotments.eu/fileadmin/uag/media/Lisbon/2-GVSF-CML-paper_COST-LNEC_FINAL.pdf
3) Green Surge case study (ref.9)
4) It is also working on urban pilot studies as part of the EU MAES initiative (Mapping and Assessing Ecosystems and their Services). (ref.1)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
City participatory budget
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
up to 100,000 EUR (2)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify system innovation
Creation of the first green corridor in Lisbon, it allows the flow of people and biodiversity and connects multiple green spaces in the city
The Municipality of Lisbon puts great efforts into participatory governance, recognizing the interests of nongovernmental actors such as citizens͛groups and private businesses, NGOs, and members of the public in participating in the city͛s planning and policy-making͟. Furthermore, the public can review and comment on green plans for parks online.
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Lisbon has different green corridors, this one is the oldest and longest one. In that sense is new without substancial adaptations. (2)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
After this initiative, a few more green corridors were created in the city.
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The expected results of the NBS followed the idea that creating these green areas and green connections had a cooling effect to counteract the ‘urban heat island’ effect typical of Lisbon and other southern European cities. Studies showed that even small green areas, such as trees along the streets, contribute to significantly mitigating the ‘heat island’ effect. (Ref. 1) Exotic species such as Acacia sp., Ailanthus altissima, Pittosporum undulatum e Arundo donax have been successfully preserved (Ref. 8)
It was also mentioned that an improvement in air quality standards was expected but no further indicators were given. It is worth mentioning that based on successful NBS like the Green Corridor of Monsanto, the Municipality of Lisbon applied to become a green European capital and won in 2020.
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The Green Corridor became a favourite among pedestrians, cyclists and tourists and have been featured in many articles including ones from National Geographic (Ref.10) In 2012 Vodafone joined the initiative and in partnership with Lisbon City Council, offered the first app for smartphones and tablets with information about the most important green area in the city – Monsanto Forest Park. The Monsanto app includes a regularly updated diary, a representative selection of activities classified by subject (‘Sport in Monsanto’ or ‘Family Weekend’, for example) and is integrated with the Park signage by means of QR codes, among other features. Totally free, the app is available to all users of iOS and Android smartphones and tablets. The idea was to boost the level of public engagement but also educate the citizens and increase their access to green spaces (11)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
While the Portuguese Environment Agency monitors the air quality in the city, Lisbon's Biodiversity Action Plan has 23 indicators for monitoring, including several that are directly related to NBS implementation (e.g. CO2 sequestration or the use of green areas by people). (Ref.1)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Lisbon's Biodiversity Action Plan has 23 indicators for monitoring, including several that are directly related to NBS implementation (e.g. CO2 sequestration or the use of green areas by people).
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
(1) ConnectingNature (no date), Lisbon: Nature-based Solutions (NBS) Enhancing Resilience through Urban Regeneration, Available at https://connectingnature.eu/oppla-case-study/19462 (Accessed 21-6-2020).
(2) Oliveira, S., Andrade, H., Vaz, T., 2011. The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Build. Environ. 46, 2186–2194. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.034 (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(3) Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (2012) , Corredores Verdes, Available at https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/ambiente/estrutura-ecologica/corredores-verdes (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(4) Publico (2012), Corredor Verde de Monsanto finalizado três décadas depois, Available at https://www.publico.pt/2012/12/14/local/noticia/corredor-verde-de-monsanto-finalizado-tres-decadas-depois-1577501 (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(5) CCDRLVT (2016), Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, Available at http://www.ccdr-lvt.pt/pt/plano-regional-de-ordenamento-do-territorio-da-area-metropolitana-de-lisboa/54.htm (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(6) Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: PLANO DE AÇÃO LOCAL (Website not available in 2020)
﷟HYPERLINK "http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/en/living-in/environment/biodiversity/plano-de-acao-local"(7) Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: CORREDORES VERDES (Website not available in 2020)
(8) Camara Municipal de Lisboa (2016), ESTRATÉGIA MUNICIPAL DE ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS DE LISBOA, Available at http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/fileadmin/VIVER/Urbanismo/urbanismo/Clima/EMAAC.pdf (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(9) Santos, A. et al (2015), Lisbon, Portugal : Case Study City Portrait part of a GREEN SURGE study on urban green infrastructure planning and governance in 20 European cities Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275957689_Lisbon_Portugal_-_Case_study_portrait_part_of_a_GREEN_SURGE_study_on_urban_green_infrastructure_planning_and_governance_in_20_European_cities (Accessed 21-6-2020) http://greensurge.eu/products/case-studies/Case_Study_Portrait_Lisbon.pdf
(10) Municipality of Lisbon (2016), A STRATEGY FOR BIODIVERSITY, THE LISBON CASE, Available at https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9804cb9e-ee94-47b5-889a-e297a3ab25f6/3_6_Annex_Lisbon.pdf (Accessed 21-6-2020)
(11) Vodafone (2012), Press release: Monsanto green corridor, Available at https://www.vodafone.pt/en/press-releases/2012/12/monsanto-green-corridor.html, (Accessed 27-7-2020)
Comments and notes