1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Munich
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Zentrale Bahnflächen, Birketweg
Short description of the intervention
With the relocation of the railways between the Hauptbahnhof and Pasing a large area became available for an infill development strategy. The redevelopment of central railway areas of Munich is in line with the city's guidelines for sustainable development (Perspective München) referred to as compact - urban - green. The initiative is aimed at implementing 7500 new flats and creating 15000 new workplaces in total, which are supported by green recreational areas. (Reference 1) The project consists of six separately planned parts, some are already partially finished. (Reference 2) This NBS discusses Birketweg, one of these parts, which is 60 hectares large.
Address

Birketweg
80639 München
Germany

Area boundary
POINT (11.50971 48.15089)
POINT (11.51996 48.15037)
POINT (11.51887 48.14456)
POINT (11.50745 48.14546)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google maps
Total area
600000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2004
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2007
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The goals of the project were to create apartments, office spaces and recreational areas in a neglected area while paying attention to nature conservation. Under nature conservation, the project is aimed at preserving of valuable "railway" biotopes, keeping an ecological corridor along the existing railway tracks and creating new biotopes. An important goal of the project is to protect specifically endangered species which exist in parts of the area, among them are species protected by the EU Habitats Directive. The project paid special attention to protect and promote the lizard population as an umbrella species, which support other species living in the railroad habitats (Reference 2, 3).
Quantitative targets
- 6000 new apartments and office place for 6000 employers
Monitoring indicators defined
- number of lizards and the location of their habitat (Reference 2)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
- 5 out of the 10 hectares that were home to valuable habitats were preserved and restored.
- specific maintenance and development standards were defined for all biotopes and are executed by the city’s construction department
gardening section
- all preserved habitats were granted long-term protection in the legally binding land-use plan.
- 20-hectare large agricultural land was turned to a grassland habitat complex at the northern city rim in “Langwieder Haide”, as an external compensation to promote lizard population
- Connecting the green corridor to the green infrastructure network of the city and linking the neighbourhood to the train station (Reference 2)
- 20 building plots were developed, out there are 13 residential buildings. (Reference 1)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Railroad bank and track greens
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Green corridors and green belts
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was initiated and led by the government, but several companies took part in the implementation. In order to make the neighborhood appealing, the City of Munich, together with Aurelis Real Estate and an advisory committee, has developed a design guide for building owners and planners on the area. The development and selection of the architecture and open space concepts took place by means of competing planning processes, with selected architecture offices and in realization competitions. (Reference 1)
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Citizens or community group
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
The railway area was derelict for two decades and was inhabited by endangered species, among others species that are protected by the EU Habitats Directive. Therefore, from the very beginning of the planning the issues of biodiversity was taken into consideration (Reference 2).
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Right before the land-use plan was coming into force in 2007 the Federal Conservation Act strengthened species protection based on the EU Habitats Directive, and thus a strategy to protect and promote the lizard population was developed (Reference 2)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The development of the central railway area is in line with the city's strategy for a sustainable urban development from 1998 (Munich: Future Perspective) focusing on three dimensions: compact, urban, green (Reference 2).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The city's strategy for sustainable urban development (Munich: Future Perspective) contains guidelines for green infrastructure improvement. The the "Perspective of Munich" prepared by the Department of City Planning and Building Regulations wrote in 1998: "[L]andscape and green spaces of the city have to be secured and developed. This refers not only to the conservation of the important public spaces and landscapes and their large-scale networking (...) but also to the small-scale networking and supply within the individual quarters, which are in many places need to be improved. Areas of restructuring, in particular in the inner city outskirts, often the last chance to reduce deficits" (cited in Reference 3).
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify social innovation
The project was able to balance the protection of valuable habitats and infill development. According to a researcher of the local ecology, it could only succeeded "because awareness for valuable habitats as well as the need for public green space was promoted in all planning phases" (Reference 2).
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Monitoring results indicate that the actions within the Birketweg area and the compensatory habitats have been successful. A case study of the project writes: "all habitats are monitored each year until five years after construction. The results from 2011 indicate that the lizard populations are stable and occupy the new habitats in the “Langwieder Haide”. In addition, several rare plant and animal species could already be detected. The loss of habitat in certain areas was compensated in an external area, while the remaining habitats were supported and granted protection. (Reference 2) The same study also writes that the green features contribute to lowered local temperatures.
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Social and cultural impacts
Description of social and cultural benefits
Unknown
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Number of lizards
- Presence of protected species in the protected area
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of August 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Muenchen.de. (2017). Am Hirschgarten. [online] Available at: https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/Projekte/Zentrale-Bahnflaechen/Birketweg.html [Accessed: 04 Aug. 2020]
2. Hansen, R. (2013). Balancing inner city development and biodiversity protection on urban wastelands – the Central Railway Area of Munich. In: Bergier, T., Kronenberg, J. and Lisicki, P., eds., Sustainable Development Applications. Krakow: Sendzimir Foundation. Available at: https://sendzimir.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Sustainable_Development_Applications_4.pdf [Accessed: 04 Aug. 2020]
3. Haide, E. (2009). Urbane partizipative Gartenaktivitäten in München 2009. [online] https://anstiftung.de/jdownloads/forschungsarbeiten_urbane_gaerten/studie_urb_lw.pdf [Accessed: 04 Aug. 2020].
4. Muenchen.de. (2017). Am Hirschgarten. [image] Available at: https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/Projekte/Zentrale-Bahnflaechen/Birketweg.html [Accessed: 04 Aug. 2020]
Additional comments
Sources: I could not find any new sources which could provide any economic / social expected or achieved impacts.
Comments and notes
Comments
Email was sent to the contact person.
Public Images
Image
At the Hirschgarten
At the Hirschgarten
Source: https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/Projekte/Zentrale-Bahnflaechen/Birketweg.html
Image
At the Hirschgarten
At the Hirschgarten
Source: https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/Projekte/Zentrale-Bahnflaechen/Birketweg.html
Image
Residential Area Am Hirschgarten (2017)
Residential Area Am Hirschgarten (2017)
Photographer: Michael Nagy, retrieved 08/15/2018 from Dina Straße