1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Oslo
Region
Europe
Short description of the intervention
The Urban Ecology Agency of Oslo (Bymiljøetaten) installed two CityTrees in the city of Oslo to act as green lungs in the city and reduce air pollution. The two CityTrees were placed at the Solli plass by Sommerrogata and on Nordraaks plass, close to Slottsparken. The CityTree is an environmentally-friendly plant wall with benches. (Ref. 2) It is an invention of a German company, Green City Solutions, and acts both as an aesthetically attractive furniture for resting, while simultaneously combating air pollution in city centres. (Ref. 1)
Address

Nordraaks Plass
0167 Oslo
Norway

Total area
7.00m²
NBS area
7.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2015
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
This NBS aimed to achieve the following:
Reduce air pollution, air temperature and noise using mosses;
Self-sufficient energy and watering system;
Environmentally friendly construction;
Increase in biodiversity and green space in cities
(Ref. 1)
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
CO2-equivalents/year (Ref 3)
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
-Mosses, suitable for the local climate, were planted on a vertical wall (Ref 2, 3).
-The construction contained sensors collecting environmental and climatic data, to regulate and control the unit and ensure that the plants survive. The CityTree combines mosses with IoT technology, enabling measuring, analysing and controlling the environmental benefits of the wall in real time. (Ref 2, 3).
-The plant wall also contained various plants that attract insects that contribute to the biological diversity in the city (Ref. 2)
Type of NBS project
Please specify other type of green wall
Unknown
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green walls or facades
Other
Please specify "other external building green"
CityTree is a freestanding wall with benches which can be placed anywhere. (Ref. 1)
Type of Green Wall
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Noise reduction
Carbon storage/sequestration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Local Government: Oslo Municipality (Bymiljøetaten) - Installment of City Trees (Ref. 5)
Private Sector: Green City Solutions - Provider of the product. (Ref. 1).
Citizens: The Urban Ecology Agency posted the news of their instalment of the two CityTrees on their Facebook page and
engaged with citizens commenting on the new features in Oslo's cityscape (Ref. 5)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Citizens or community group
Please specify other participatory methods
The Urban Ecology Agency posted the news of their instalment of the two CityTrees on their Facebook page and engaged with citizens commenting on the new features in Oslo's cityscape (Ref. 5)
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Please specify other vegetation type
Moss (Ref. 2,3)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
53 000 EUR
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
500 000 NOK (=53 000 EUR) for the two CityTrees (Ref. 2)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
CityTree is a new product innovation (2014) originating from Germany (Ref. 6). The construction contains sensors collecting environmental and climatic data, to regulate and control the unit and ensure that the plants survive. The CityTree combines mosses with IoT technology, enabling measuring, analysing and controlling the environmental benefits of the wall in real time. (Ref 2, 3).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The CityTree is a fixed product which looks the same wherever it is placed, however the plants are adapted to suit the regional climate that it is placed in. The CityTree had been installed in Jena, Germany before it was installed in Oslo. Oslo was the first city to purchase the CityTree outside German borders. (Ref. 6).
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The product itself is replicable and is made to be easily installed anywhere in the world. It occupies very little space and can be installed within 8 hours, so that product transfer to new location should be easy. (Ref. 7) Oslo municipality have their two CityTrees for a two year try out period. No data on spread of CityTrees within Oslo or Norway has been found. (Ref. 2)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Achieved Impacts:
Green Space:
Two green walls of 3.5 m2 (Ref. 1)

Biodiversity:
The plant wall contains various plants that attract insects that contribute to the biological diversity in the city (Ref. 2)

Expected Impacts:
Climate Change/ Air Quality:
Up to 15% NOx reduction and 25% fine dust reduction (Ref. 8)

Reduced Noise/ Air Temperature:
Mosses on CityTree to regulate noise and air temperature (Ref. 8)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
Achieved Impacts:
Recreation/Wellbeing:
CityTree provides aesthetically attractive benches for resting (Ref. 1,2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
area of green walls (Ref. 1); tons of CO2 sequestration per year (Ref. 3); % NOx reduction (Ref. 8); % fine dust reduction (Ref. 8)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
sensors collecting environmental and climatic data, to regulate and control the unit and ensure that the plants survive (Ref. 2,3)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 30 October 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
The CityTrees uses "internet of technologies" (IoT) technology, in order to keep track of environmental performance of the plant wall (Ref. 7)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
The Urban Ecology Agency of Oslo has a Facebook page were they informed the public that two CityTrees were installed, one in Nordraaks plass and one in Solli plass. The public is welcome to contribute with input, and the Urban Ecology Agency has been involved in the raised discussions. (Ref. 5)
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Ref. 8 The CityTree, A Vertical Plant Wall (603.1 KB) 603.1 KB
List of references
1. Green City Solutions (2017). Healthier living in cities. Available at: https://greencitysolutions.de/en/benefits/#section2bottom [Accessed: 30 October 2020].
2. Blakstad, S. (2015). Trying out a green wall in the cityscape of Oslo./Tester ut grønn vegg i bybildet i Oslo. Bygg.no. Available at: http://www.bygg.no/hage/article/1248102?image=dp-image68567-1248117 [Accessed: 30 October 2020].
3. Green City Solutions (n.d). Press portfolio. Berlin. [Document provided].
4. The City of Oslo (2017). Quiet Urban Areas. [Not available in 2020].
5. Bymiljøetaten i Oslo kommune (2015). CITY TREE - An environmentally friendly plant wall with benches. Facebook post, 28 September 2015. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/bymiljoetaten/photos/pb.277544045596791.-2207520000.1446115052./1116099268407927/?type=3&theater [Accessed: 30 October 2020].
6. Green City Solutions (2017). About us - History. Available at: https://greencitysolutions.de/en/about-us/#section2 [Accessed: 30 October 2020].
7. Green City Solutions (2017). Solutions. [Not available in 2020].
8. Splittgerber, V. & Saenger, P. (2015). The CityTree: a vertical plant wall. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment : Air Pollution XXIII. pp.295-304. [Document provided].
Attachments
Additional comments
Much of the information is provided from the website of GreenCity Solutions, the creators of the CityTree, which may have lead to certain bias in the data provided.
Comments and notes
Comments
Section 1/ Area: indicated 7m to account for 2 CityTree installations (3.5 m2 each)
Additional insights
policy drivers q3: Oslo have ambitious targets in reducing their environmental impact in several policies, however, none of these policies were referred to as a trigger for the CityTree purchases.

section 4 enablers: Green and blue-green infrastructure is central in several policies in, strategies and plans in Oslo, but they are not always specifically GI/BI/NBS plans

Oslo is a very progressive city when it comes to climate change adaption and sustainability. However, no specific city network focused on climate change was found, but their work on climate change adaption is rather embedded in visions and strategies of most businesses/agencies/networks and projects;.

Oslo has several strategies involving GI/BI such as the: Climate and Energy Strategy for Oslo; A Green Capital: Eco-efficiency in the City of Oslo; The Urban Development of Oslo & Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the City of Oslo. However, none of the above have been specifically expressed as enablers for the intervention.
Public Images
Image
CityTree Project
CityTree Project
Monica Thorud Olsen, retrieved 08/24/2018
Image
CityTree (2015)
CityTree (2015)
Monica Thorud Olsen, retrieved 08/24/2018
Image
CityTree (2015)
CityTree (2015)
Monica Thorud Olsen, retrieved 08/24/2018
Image
CityTree
Source: Ref. 2, Svanhild Blakstad