1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Porto
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Jardim Das Oliveiras
Short description of the intervention
This NBS is Porto’s largest green roof, sometimes referred as the "Fifth Façade Urban Rooftop Garden", the "Olive Trees Garden" is an oasis of 50 olive trees and lush grass on top of a semi-open gallery of shops, restaurants, and cafés with an underground parking garage.
It’s an urban park escape for city workers, tourists, and university students. Located on top of "Praça de Lisboa" (Lisbon square), this is a fantastic concept of urban planning done right: green space co-existing with commerce and vehicles below street level. This project was completed in 2013 as an effort to improve an area in decline in the middle of the cultural centre of Porto by creating a green space for the community (Ref. 1, 2).
Address

R. das Carmelitas 151,
4050-367 Porto
Portugal

Total area
5000.00m²
NBS area
5000.00m²
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2013
End date of the intervention
2013
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. Enhancing sustainable urbanization;
2. Restoring ecosystems and their functions;
3. Developing climate change mitigation;
4. Developing climate change adaptation; improving risk management and resilience;
5. Nature-based solutions for increasing the sustainable use of matter and Energy;
6. Green roofs can add value to urban environments when part of cities’ green structure;
7. Precipita­tion retention, peak flood delay, the creation of biodiversity niches, carbon dioxide uptake and oxygen production, associated with the improvement of the urban landscape and valorisation of buildings, are just a few of the benefits (Ref. 1).
Quantitative targets
1. Planting 50 olive trees (4)
2. Increasing access to green space for the 220.000 inhabitants of Porto (1)
3. Covering an area of 5000 sqm of green space (1)
Monitoring indicators defined
1. Number of olive trees planted
2. Number of inhabitants benefiting from the intervention
3. Amount of green space created (1,4)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
This project was completed as an effort to improve an area in decline in the middle of Porto by creating a space for the community. It is an urban regeneration project of a 5,000 m2 area, the structure includes three levels, with its top-most level consisting of a green roof planted with olive trees referencing the "Porta do Oliva". The middle level is dedicated to commercial use, and the ground level provides room for a refined parking lot and pedestrian spaces. (1)
In order to achieve the objectives mentioned above, the project adopted a methodology that includes the participation of research groups from different national institutions of high education, as well as interaction with foreign cities, community associations and the project of a green roof for three municipal buildings. To find the best strategy for Porto many studies are currently being developed within the PQAP project, such as the potential of the city buildings to receive green roofs(1)
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Green areas for water management
Sustainable urban drainage systems
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
50
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Noise reduction
Carbon storage/sequestration
Flood regulation
Cultural services
Tourism
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The “Fifth Façade Project” (PQAP) was deve­loped in response to this gap as a partnership between the Portuguese Association for Green Roofs (ANCV) and the Porto City Council (CMPorto). The main objective of this innovative con­sultancy project is to define which models the Porto City Council should follow in order to include GI, in particular green roofs, into the urban plan­ning, environmental and green spaces strategy of the city. (1)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Researchers/university
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
According to the e-mail conversation with Paulo Palha (one of the initiators), it is unknown if there was an EU Directive behind the NBS since it wasn't mentioned. (see interview attached)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
According to the e-mail conversation with Paulo Palha (one of the initiators), this NBS was not part of a national or local environmental strategy plan. (see interview attached)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
According to the e-mail conversation with Paulo Palha (one of the initiators), this NBS was not part of a national or local environmental strategy plan. (see interview attached)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
A regional partnership is not precisely named but when researching for the project an important aspect was the interaction with other cities with more experience in green roofs policies. To realize this bench marketing, two cities were selected, based on their know-how: London, in the UK, and Linz, in Austria. (4)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The presence of a NBS research project is not precisely mentioned however based on the developments with this initiative, the municipality plans for future implementations in the city. Also, it is worth mentioning that after the project was completed, the Portuguese Association for Green Roofs was formed. In 2017, the president of the Association published a report on the methodology to define a strategy of green roofs for Porto (5)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
No
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
This NBS is a pioneer project for Portugal since the objective of this project is to define which models the CMPorto should follow in order to include Green Infrastructures (GI), in particular Green Roofs, into the urban planning, environmental and climate change strategy of Porto, the second largest city in Portugal. (4)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
This NBS is a pioneer project for Portugal (1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Even though it is mentioned that this NBS has the potential of being transferred because based on the results there was a study of eligible buildings to be selected for the construction of green roofs in the city(1)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
In 2017 a report regarding the methodology developed for the inventory of potential to install green roofs (GR) and a proposal of a pilot/model of GRs integrated with social housing in the city of Porto, Portugal was published. The report is inserted in the Porto Fifth Facade Project. The report has comprehensive conclusions on the benefits for the environment naming just a few: improve the clime and helps with the heat island effect, improvement in air quality. Also, the report concluded that the choice of suitable vegetation is crucial and must be made in order to enhance benefits of green roofs such as water retention, reduction of pollution, promotion of biodiversity and temperature regulation. For that, we must bet on species herbs (eg Vinca difformis, Luzula sylvatica, Asplenium hemionitis) and subshrubs (eg Prunus laurocerasus, Hypericum androsaemum, Jasminum fruticans) of broad and dense foliage (higher evapotranspiration rate), mostly indigenous, that do not reach large dimensions and of low maintenance; the organization of vegetation must also respect access to built structures (5). It is worth mentioning that this report though explained the environmental benefits of green roofs with a focus of the discussed NBS, did not include precise conclusions (as in comparative conclusions) for the specific NBS.
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The NBS is an urban park that acts as an escape for city workers, residents tourists, and university students. Located on top of Praça de Lisboa, this is a fantastic idea of urban planning gone right: green space co-existing with commerce, and vehicles below street level (3).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
The developed methodology used mainly remote sensing data, namely satellite images and 3D modelling of the buildings, both obtained from Google Earth, treated through a geographic information system and by visual inspection. (5)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Oppla (2013), Case studies, Porto: Fifth Façade project Jardim Das Oliveiras: Porto’s Urban Rooftop Garden, Available at http://oppla.eu/casestudy/17626 (Accessed 22-6-2020)

2. Gail at Large (2016), JARDIM DAS OLIVEIRAS: PORTO’S URBAN ROOFTOP GARDEN, Available at https://gailatlarge.com/blog/2016/04/08/43033 (Accessed 22-6-2020)

3. Complex (2013), "Praca de Lisboa" Brings a New Public Space to Porto, Portugal, Available at http://www.complex.com/style/2013/07/praca-de-lisboa-porto (Accessed 22-6-2020)

4. Castiglione, B. (2017), The current development of Green Roof Policies in Porto – What lessons from London?, (Website not available in 2020)

5. Ferreira Gomes Vieira e Sousa, M (2017), Metodologia para a Inventariação de Coberturas Verdes Potenciais e Proposta de Coberturas Verdes Modelo, no Âmbito do Projeto Quinto Alçado do Porto, Available at https://core.ac.uk/reader/148429492, (Accessed 28-7-2020)

Interview
Attachment Size
Porto, Interview notes, Green Roof (36.5 KB) 36.5 KB
Interview comments
I am missing monitoring data therefore I have sent an e-mail both to the municipality as well as to the architect.
Comments and notes
Additional insights
Interestingly, the original plans didn’t include the open roof over the pedestrian passage. Project developer UrbaClérigos revised the plan after the anchor store, a book shop called Byblos, went out of business. The retail space had to be divided, causing the whole project to be delayed. Porto architectural firm Balonas & Menanos redesigned the passage and opened it to the surroundings while keeping patrons sheltered from the elements. (2)
Public Images
Image
Jardim das oliveiras
Jardim das oliveiras
Photo provided to the project
Image
Jardim das oliveiras
Jardim das oliveiras
Source: https://gailatlarge.com/blog/2016/04/08/43033
Image
Jardim das oliveiras
Jardim das oliveiras
Source: https://gailatlarge.com/blog/2016/04/08/43033