1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Porto
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Parque Oriental da Cidade
Short description of the intervention
The Oriental Park of the City of Porto is an urban natural park designed by the landscape architect Sidónio Pardal. It will be one of the largest urban parks in the country and the second-largest in the city of Porto. This NBS focused on the transformation of a derelict, depressed urban area into a green space. The first part of the park was inaugurated in July 2010 and the municipality has plans to build it through several phases over the next decade until it reaches its project area. (1)
Address

Parque Oriental da Cidade do Porto,
Porto
Portugal

Total area
180000.00m²
NBS area
180000.00m²
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2005
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
2010
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
It currently occupies 10 hectares, representing approximately one-fifth of the total area foreseen in the project, which is 53 hectares. Like Parque da Cidade, in the western part of the city, Parque Oriental was designed by the landscape architect Sidónio Pardal. According to the author, the project consisted in "transforming a compartmentalized and rugged field space into a natural, grassy, ​​wooded area with a network of paths where people enjoy leisure time in quiet". (1)
Goals of the intervention
1. Social cohesion/identity: the role of urban parks in strengthening social ties, relations and cohesion.
2. House prices: the value of urban parks as part of the living environment as reflected in higher real estate prices (for both houses and apartments).
3. Biodiversity: the role of parks in harbouring and promoting biodiversity, and species diversity in particular.
4. Air quality and carbon sequestration: positive impacts of urban parks in terms of reducing air pollutant levels and carbon sequestration.
5. Cooling: the role of parks in the cooling of urban areas(2).
Quantitative targets
1. Cover an area of 10 ha of green space;
2. Plant 450 trees and 250 shrubs;
3. Serve 35.000 inhabitants with a large segment of young adult population: 53% (1,3), direct beneficiaries: 150 houses, with 4500 citizens (7).
Monitoring indicators defined
1. Number of people who are going to benefit from this NBS;
2. Size of the area taken into consideration to be transformed in a green space;
3. Number of trees and shrubs planted (1,3).
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
A showcase of camellias, rhododendrons and azaleas was reclassified. The future of the Park is centred on an essential object, the fluvial course (Rio Tinto, which is nearby), whose process of depollution is fundamental to the continuity of the park. The area offers a variety of vegetation from oaks and cork oaks, which has been cleaned, requalified and integrated into the park, to countless species of wildflowers which extend, alongside grass, to the valley of the Rio Tinto. (3)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
450
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Tourism
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
This NBS has been initiated by the Municipality of Porto which confronted with the existence of a destitute area in a large neighborhood of Porto decided to transform it in a green space (1)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
This NBS is mentioned not in direct connection with a EU strategy but nevertheless a strategy adopted by other European countries. This strategy refers at the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), whose signatories approved an index of biodiversity to cities, City Biodiversity Index (CBI), which would act as an international indicator to measure urban biodiversity and to support national governments and local authorities creating “milestones” in order to conserve biodiversity; In Portugal it was used only in 2011 but nevertheless took into consideration the present NBS (4)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
This NBS is mentioned in connection to Plano Diretor Municipal, (2006), a fundamental instrument in municipal management, which defines the development strategy and the territorial model, as well as the main options regarding the location of equipment and infrastructures. It is fundamental for the development of the new plan, the active participation of the different local actors and the population in general, as well as a close articulation with the neighboring municipalities . (5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
This NBS is mentioned in connection to Plano Diretor Municipal, (2006), a fundamental instrument in municipal management, which defines the development strategy and the territorial model, as well as the main options regarding the location of equipment and infrastructures. It is fundamental for the development of the new plan, the active participation of the different local actors and the population in general, as well as a close articulation with the neighboring municipalities . (5)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
This NBS is the object of a study conducted at the University of Porto, in 2011, study that deals with the biodiversity existing in the park. The name of the study is "A diversidade de vertebrados do Parque Oriental do Porto Conservação e Maximização da Biodiversidade" (6)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
28 thousand Euros but it is mentioned that this money will be split throughout the all phases of the project (7)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
This NBS is a product innovation due to the fact that a new garden was created as a product of different species of plants from 5 continents which are reared to thrive in Porto's climatic conditions. It also gives people the opportunity to experience a diversity of floras (6)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The structure of the new space, although identical to that of the City Park, presents different characteristics in terms of vegetation and the possibility of taking advantage of the water courses, such as Rio Tinto. (3)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
There are no mentions of transferability of the present NBS (3)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
No reports have been published or released to the public as of 2020. However when the initiative was implemented, the municipality as well as the media reported that one of the most expected impacts was the fact that access to green space has been increased in a neighborhood that previously was seen as lifeless area. (3) Unfortunately, no other data has been provided.
Description of economic benefits
No official reports have been published. However, in 2019, the area was selected by the Municipality of Porto to host the Tomorrowland electronic dance music festival. This event, known as Unite with Tomorrowland is aimed at bringing together all the fans of the festival and of electronic music, at global level. In this way, a new functionality (besides its green features) was given to the place by attracting businesses but also promoting economy in an underdeveloped area (10)
Description of social and cultural benefits
No reports have been published regarding the impacts of the NBS. However, since the Municipal Plan mentioned earlier encourages the involvement of the citizens in the council's decisions, most citizens responded positively to this NBS. In 2016, Limpor Portugal (Let's Do It, Portugal), gathered a considerable number of volunteers who cleaned the area (8)
As of 2019, the Municipality organizes in this park a municipal public program to promote physical activity and healthy living habits, which always takes place on the first and third Sundays of each month. This clear gain for the residents of the area. The program is promoted by the municipal company PortoLazer and has the support of the Campanhã Parish Council. Participation is free, no registration required. (9).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Unknown
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Yes
Please specify
Since the Municipal Plan mentioned earlier encourages the involvement of the citizens in the council's decisions, most citizens responded positively to this NBS. In 2016, Limpor Portugal (Let's Do It, Portugal), gathered a considerable number of volunteers who cleaned the area (8)
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Porto Municipality (no date), Parque Oriental da Cidade, Available at https://www.cm-porto.pt/jardins-e-parques/parque-oriental-da-cidade (Accessed 22-6-2020)

2. Konijnendijk, C. et al (2013), Benefits of Urban Parks A systematic review, Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267330243_Benefits_of_Urban_Parks_A_systematic_review_-_A_Report_for_IFPRA (Accessed 22-6-2020)

3. Porto Municipality (no date), Parque Oriental da Cidade, Available at http://www.cm-porto.pt/assets/misc/documentos/Ambiente/cemiterios/Parque%20Oriental%20da%20Cidade.pdf (Accessed 22-6-2020)

4. Magalhães Carneiro de Sousa Machado, L. (2014), Aplicação do Índice de Biodiversidade Urbana na cidade do Porto , Available at http://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/ptsantos/teses/tese_LuisaMachado2014-Indice_de_Biodiversidade_Urbana_Porto.pdf (Accessed 22-6-2020)

5. Publico (2003), Rui Sá força Câmara do Porto a novo traçado para Alameda de Azevedo, Available at https://www.publico.pt/local-porto/jornal/rui-sa-forca-camara-do-porto-a-novo-tracado-para-alameda-de-azevedo-207352 (Accessed 22-6-2020)

6. Ferreira Pereira, A. , Talhadas dos Santos, J. (2011), A diversidade de vertebrados do Parque Oriental do Porto Conservação e Maximização da Biodiversidade, Available at http://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/ptsantos/rel/PO-Conserv&maximizBiodiversidade.pdf (Accessed 22-6-2020)

7. Arquitectura.pt (2009), Parque Oriental abre em 2009. Primeira fase integra 10 hectares. Ainda não há prazo para restantes 71 hectares previstos , Available at http://www.arquitectura.pt/forum/forums/topic/8818-porto-parque-oriental-do-porto-sid%C3%B3nio-pardal/ (Accessed 22-6-2020)

8. AmoPortugal (2016) - Mais que Limpar, fundamental Reduzir, Reutilizar e Reciclar!, (Website not availble in 2020) (Accessed 22-6-2020)

9.Municipality of Porto (2019), Exercise in nature took dozens to the Parque Oriental, Available at http://www.porto.pt/noticias/exercicio-na-natureza-levou-dezenas-ao-parque-oriental?lang=pt, (Accessed 30-7-2020)

10.Municipality of Porto (2019), Tomorrowland is held in Porto in 2019 at Parque Oriental of Porto, Available at http://www.porto.pt/noticias/tomorrowland-is-held-in-porto-in-2019-at-parque-oriental-of-porto, (Accessed 30-7-2020)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Parque Oriental
Parque Oriental
Source: https://www.cm-porto.pt/jardins-e-parques/parque-oriental-da-cidade