1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Pune
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
Wajre Urban Forest is Maharashtra state's first urban forestry project developed on the outskirts of Pune city (1, 2). This project was done in a collaboration involving the public, corporate, NGOs and governmental actors (3). A barren land of 16 hectares, also used as a dump yard by the nearby residents, belonging to the Maharashtra Forest Department, was taken by the TERRE Policy Centre in association with support from TATA Motors and Persistent Foundations as CSR Partners (1,3). The project was targeted to reduce air pollution and provide a site for the recreation and relaxation of urban residents of the city (4).
A total of 9500 plants belonging to 23 indigenous plant species of 6-8 ft were planted (1,2). The plants have now transformed into trees 9-10 feet in height (1, 5). The park also provides the opportunity to engage citizens by the provision of adopting specific plants in your name (5). The park is frequented by morning and evening walkers, with approx. 1000-1500 people per day (1,3).
Address

63, Warje
Pune 411052
India

Area boundary
POINT (73.807834 18.4925)
POINT (73.808119 18.49405)
POINT (73.803775 18.494237)
POINT (73.801866 18.493468)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Retrieved from Google Maps: https://www.google.at/maps/place/18%C2%B029'33.0%22N+73%C2%B048'28.2%22E/@18.4931003,73.8050981,17z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xafbb7da13b721b8a!8m2!3d18.4925!4d73.807834 (07/02/2023)
Total area
160000.00m²
NBS area
160000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Barren hill land with encroachments by slums and builders
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2015
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The project aims to:
-Develop barren land hill areas into lush green urban forest areas (1,2).
-Reduce air pollution (4).
-Provide citizens with a place for relaxation and recreation (2).
-Promote people's participation to ensure the sustainability of the project (2).
-Promote citizen engagement through provisions like 'adopting specific plant in your name' (1).
Quantitative targets
Unknown

Monitoring indicators defined
Growth rate of the plantation (over the years);
Number of planted trees;
Trees height;
Number of birds and animal species found;
Number of indigenous plant species (1,4).
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
-The project proceeded to restore a previously derelict area by planting 9500 plants in a 16ha degraded area (Ref. 1,4).
-It also included the construction of 2 huge water resources that are recharged by rainwater used for watering plants (Ref. 1), and 5 constructed water ponds (Ref. 2, 5)
-Regarding the planting efforts, attention was placed on planting indigenous species, such as "Banyan, Peepal, Sonchafa, Apta, Neem, Kanchan, Golden Bamboos, Badam, Kaat, Amla, Umbar" (Ref. 1).
-After project completion, “the Warje Urban Forest has become a role model for the rest of the country" (Ref. 2).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Lakes/ponds
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
9500 plants (Ref. 1)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
TERRE Policy Centre, "legally recognized non-profit status” (Ref.3)", came up with the urban forestry initiative for which the Maharashtra State Forest Department provided the land. TATA Motors and Persistent Foundations were other collaborators (CSR) in the project (1). The project is recognised as an urban forestry model "which involves Public, Corporate, NGO and Government in the entire project “ (Ref.3), and local residents (Ref. 4).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Warje urban forest was developed under the ‘Nagar Van’ (“city forest”) scheme "with people’s participation and collaboration between the forest department, municipal bodies, NGOs, corporates and local residents” (Ref. 4).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Warje urban forestation initiative was developed under the ‘Nagar Van’ (“city forest”) scheme "with people’s participation and collaboration between the forest department, municipal bodies, NGOs, corporates and local residents” (Ref. 4).
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The unique partnership between the involved actors - forest department, municipal bodies, NGOs, corporates and local residents - was specifically created for the purposes of this project (Ref. 4).
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Business models
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
Warje Urban Forestry is the first ever urban forestry project in Maharashtra and is seen as a unique partnership and good practise example between different organisations (collaborations with TATA Motors and Persistent Foundations as CSR Partners) (Ref. 1). The project also has a strong emphasis on community participation through volunteering activities among the involved organisations and locals (Ref. 1).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The initiative in Warje by TERRE Policy Centre is considered to be one of its flagship projects, and currently, the project is seen as one of its kind in the entire state of Maharashtra (Ref. 3).
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The intervention is seen as very important and capable of reading national and international levels of replication. Currently, this Urban forestry project is recognised as having long-term scalability and is being replicated in various cities of Maharashtra and also in other states of India (Ref. 3).
More specifically, the Pune’s Warje urban forest "has been declared as the role model for the development of 200 urban forests across the country in the next five years, according to officials of the forest department." (Ref. 4)
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
Creation of volunteering positions (Ref. 1)
Description of environmental benefits
-Green space & biodiversity: "TERRE has planted around 9500 plants with a height of 6-8 feet and now has transformed into trees with a height of 9-10 feet".  (Ref. 1, 4)
"In the past 2-3 years, forestry has grown widely and has enriched the biodiversity of the area. The plantation includes around 23 indigenous plant species, namely: Banyan, Peepal, Sonchafa, Apta, Neem, Kanchan, Golden Banboos, Badam, Kaat, Amla, Umbar etc. Also, visitors have found around 29 local bird species, 15 butterfly species, 10 reptile species and 3 mammal species." (Ref. 1, 2, 4, 5).
-Restoration of a previously derelict area: The project converted 16 hectares of barren land. “Before becoming a pioneering urban forest, Warje Hill was a barren land under the Maharashtra Forest Department. As the city grew, it caused many encroachments by slums and builders.”(Ref. 2) “The transformed land is now a favourite place in the city“(Ref.3).
-Water management: The project also includes the implementation of large water resources which are filled on rainy days, and later on, the water is used for plants. (Ref. 1, 4). Specifically, besides 2 water reservoirs, “5 water ponds have been built and two watch towers constructed.” (Ref. 2, 5)
- Improved soil quality: Current assessments of soil erosion levels report an improvement in soil erosion levels, from 0.861 (4 years before project completion) to 0.309 (in an assessment from 2017) (Ref. 6)
- Carbon absorption: “A young tree absorbs approximately 36 pounds of carbon per year. So, 9500*30 = 2,85,000 lbs. (pounds) carbon absorption. Four years before (the project implementation), the barren area could absorb about 2300*16.8 = 38640 lbs. (Ref. 6).

The project also is expected to deliver impacts related to air quality and heat reduction based on evidence of other reforestation projects. However, there is no assessment evidence of the following reported and expected co-benefits:
-Air quality: “Plantation has a tremendous effect on air quality. Some estimates conclude that 100 trees plantation remove up to 5 tons of CO2, 400 pounds of ozone & 300 pounds of small particulate matter.” (Ref.3).
-Heat reduction: “Trees keep us cooler, which means that less energy is used, fewer emissions are created, and pollutant levels are reduced. The goal of many urban tree plantings is to reduce the urban heat island effect.” (Ref.3).



Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
While no data is provided regarding the creation of new jobs, it is mentioned that employees from the organisations behind the project often times participate on a volunteer basis. - “The enthusiastic employees from both organizations often visit the site for volunteering work. Also, some other organizations and localities from Warje frequently gather and perform volunteering work” (Ref. 1).
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Participation & Social interaction: “To ensure that this project remained sustainable, peoples’ participation was encouraged. People can adopt trees in memory of their loved ones.” (Ref. 2).
“The urban forestry initiative in Warje by TERRE Policy Centre is one of its flagship projects, where we have achieved effective change among the local residents around but moreover, tremendous participation from various sectors. Their participation was the clear picture of how much a community cares about its natural heritage when guided well.” (Ref. 3).
-Recreational impacts: “Nearly 1000- 1500 people visit Smriti Van every day”  (Ref. 2), considered as a drastically increased figure in comparison with previous years (assessment from 2017) (Ref. 6). "Before 2013, visitors' number was almost zero as the site was used by the people of slum area located adjacent to the site for open defecation. Now (data from 2017), due to vegetation growth and visitors, the open defecation problem is now solved & now more than 950 visitors visit the place in the morning and evening" (Ref. 6).
“Many visitors come to enjoy the view and feel the peace that this place offers them. People come for their morning and evening walks, as it gives them proper terrain within the city life and away from city chaos.” (Ref.2, 3).
- Improvement in people’s connection to nature: “In Warje Urban Forestry, there is a provision to adopt a specific plant in your name. To date, many nature-loving people have adopted plants in memory of their loved ones. This activity is being carried out annually.” (Ref. 1)

Increased awareness of NBS and their benefits: “The Warje Urban Forest has become a role model for the rest of the country, even as on this World Environment Day, the Environment Minister Shri Prakash Javadekar launched an ambitious Urban Forestry programme covering 200 city corporations in the country” (Ref. 2).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
-Number of visitors per day (Ref. 2, 4)
-Number of trees/plants planted (Ref. 1, 4)
-Vegetation height (Ref. 1, 4)
-Number and type of indigenous plant species (Ref. 1, 2, 4, 5)
-Number of recorded animal species (local birds, butterflies, reptiles and mammals) (Ref. 1, 2, 4, 5)
-Hectares of converted derelict area
-Oxygen production (pounds/per year) (Ref. 6)
-Carbon absorption (pounds) (Ref. 6)
-Vegetation cover (%) (Ref. 6)
- Soil erosion (based on Er = Erosion relative) (Ref. 6)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
No
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
No
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
(1) TERRE Policy Centre (unknown), Warje Urban Forestry. available at https://terrepolicycentre.com/Warje-Urban-Forestry.asp (accessed 29-01-2023)
(2) Press Information Bureau (PIB) (2020), Warje Urban Forest in Pune now a role model for the country. available at https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1629568 (accessed 29-01-2023)
(3) Equator Initiative(unknown), Urban forestry. available at https://www.equatorinitiative.org/2017/06/07/urban-forestry/ (accessed 29-01-2023)
(4) Hindustan Times (2020), Warje urban forest to be role model for 200 such forests across country: Javadekar, 07 June, viewed on 29 January 2023, https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/warje-urban-forest-to-be-role-model-for-200-such-forests-across-country-javadekar/story-yj0c461VGTLpAejSuH2nHL.html
(5) Punekar News (2020), Pune: Warje Urban Forest now a role model for the country, 04 June, viewed on 29 January 2023, https://www.punekarnews.in/pune-warje-urban-forest-now-a-role-model-for-the-country/
(6) TERRE Policy Centre (2017), Warje Urban Forestry Biodiversity Report-2017. available at https://terrepolicycentre.com/Warje-Urban-Forestry.asp (accessed 16-02-2023)
Attachments
Attachment Size
warje-urban-forestry_compressed.pdf (972.25 KB) 972.25 KB
Comments and notes
Additional insights
5 water ponds for watering purposes (5)
Approx. 1500 visitors per day (4)
Public Images
Image
A view of the Smruti Van in Warje
A view of the Smruti Van in Warje
https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/warje-urban-forest-to-be-role-model-for-200-such-forests-across-country-javadekar/story-yj0c461VGTLpAejSuH2nHL.html
Image
Wajre Urban Forest
Wajre Urban Forest
https://terrepolicycentre.com/Warje-Urban-Forestry.asp