1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Timişoara
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Parcări ecologice
Short description of the intervention
Ecological parks are parks that reduce stormwater runoff and pollutant emissions. It refers to a number of techniques applied at the same time to reduce the total impervious surface of a parking space, the decrease in the surface temperature and maintain a green island in crowded areas. In Timisoara, until the date of this completed intervention (2009), there were located 11 ecological parking spaces, placed throughout the city, most of them near building blocks in former industrial quarters (3)
Address

Strada Orșova 111
Timisoara
Romania

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2008
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. To improve air and water quality;
2. To ensure maximum parking space;
3. To minimize the volume of water drained and reduce the leaking of water from precipitation;
4. To achieve a green area space;
5. To reduce the human heat islands;
6. To avoid environmental pollution due to vehicle emissions;
7. To reduce the exposure to UV radiation, due to the canopy of trees (3).
Quantitative targets
1. To serve as spaces for 150.000 cars (2), 2. Create 300 ecological parking spaces (1), 3. Plant 2000 linear hedge meters and 780 trees and shrubs (2), 4. Reduce the asphalted surface by 40 % , even if they would increase the parking space by 20 percent (3)

Monitoring indicators defined
1. Amount of cars in the city (2), 2. Amount of trees and shrubs (2), 3. Amount of parking spaces needed (1), 4. Amount of green spaces and asphalted surfaces in the city (3)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Types of materials used to build environmentally friendly parking spaces:
Permeable pavement - is pavement that allows water infiltration. It is available in a variety of shapes and colors, improving their aesthetic appearance.
Grid or lattice systems - rigid plastic structures are filled with gravel or vegetation.
Porous concrete - is similar to conventional concrete structure and shape, except that the fine materials have been removed, allowing the infiltration of rain water through the voids. (2)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Green parking lots
Please specify "other green areas for water management"
The green ecological parking lots
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
780
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Flood regulation
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Unknown
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The municipality played the main role in the implementation of this innovation since it noticed that there were areas especially around the building blocks that were not taking care off and during rainy times they became muddy. (3)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The intervention is based on the 2008 strategic plan of the municipality to implement environmental protection. The plan was called "Timisoara ecologica", which aimed at: maintaining the balance of the urban ecosystem, eliminating polluting factors that create discomfort and affect the state of health and exploiting existing potential. (1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Yes, the city has an implementation plan which conceptualizes the city as a green space. The plan develops from 1 year to another and it is called, "Timisoara ecologica", updated and published on the municipality's website. The mayor's office also has a directorate which specifically deals with green solutions even though they are not specifically seen as such. (1)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Lawn pavement is an absolute novelty in asphalt replacement in yards, gardens, car parks. The very high resistance of the grass to repeated jerks and heavy weights of cars, trucks, tractors, etc. The areas that use this lawn are closer to nature, reducing almost total pollution (3)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The Municipality of Timisoara issued no reports in regards to this NBS, except some presentations of the areas that did not include an explanation of benefits of some sorts. On the website of the municipality, it is said that it is expected from these parking spaces to help with the seasonal rainwater and the area's predisposition to flooding by reducing the water leakage from precipitations. Also, the NBS increased the green space (3)
Description of economic benefits
The Municipilaty of Timisoara issued no reports for this NBS however it was expected that the action will save tax payers money: Eco park spaces are cheaper than the normal ones (20 euro/sqm) (4)
Social and cultural impacts
Description of social and cultural benefits
Unknown
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of August 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
Yes
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Primaria Municipiului Timisoara (2008), Timisoara ecologica, Available at http://www.primariatm.ro/uploads/files/miscelaneous/T_ecologica.pdf (Accessed 25-6-2020)

2. Primaria Municipiului Timisoara (2008), Parcari Ecologice, Available at http://www.dmmt.ro/uploads/files/Workshop%202008/parcari_ecologice.pdf (Accessed 25-6-2020)

3. Primaria Municipiului Timisoara, Directia de Mediu (2009), Parcari Ecologice, Available at http://www.dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=565 (Accessed 25-6-2020)

4. Info Brasov (2208), Mai ieftine cu 20% parcarile cu gazon au multiple beneficii, Available at http://infobrasov.net/mai-ieftine-cu-20-parcarile-cu-gazon-au-multiple-beneficii/ (Accessed 25-6-2020)



Interview comments
E-mail sent in order to understand if there are any monitoring reports, among others.
Comments and notes
Comments
I wasn't able to upload a report through which the eco parks were implemented because it was bigger than 8 MB.
Additional insights
There were critiques of this NBS and the complaints came from the citizens, because the spaces were not able to retain the water and it created a lot of mud, especially during autumn.
Here is a video on how such a complaint looks like:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeYFq4NghYQ
Public Images
Image
Eco-parking
Eco-parking - Ecological parking Steaua area, bl. 53
Source: http://www.dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=565&viewItem=292
Image
Eco-parking
Eco-parking - Parcare ecologică Zona Prinţul Turcesc
Source: http://www.dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=565&viewItem=437
Image
Eco-parking
Eco-parking - Parcare ecologică Zona Prinţul Turcesc
Source: http://www.dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=565&viewItem=437