1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Yangon
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
ရန်ကုန်မြို့ နောက်ဖေးလမ်းကြားဥယျာဉ်များစီမံကိန်း
Short description of the intervention
Doh Eain, which means “Our Home” in the Burmese language, is a community-centred design firm that converts trash alleys in Yangon into gardens, composting stations, street markets, playgrounds, and art galleries, where community members can make memories and positive change.
As Yangon has one of the lowest public space-per-person ratios in South East Asia, Doh Eain saw a role for a social enterprise to preserve and improve heritage and urban landscapes directly with the people and communities who inhabit them. Doh Eain’s vision is to collectively make cities more vibrant, inclusive and sustainable places to live, work, and enjoy by maintaining the city's unique characteristics and creating an urban environment that enables people and society to thrive. Their mission is to preserve heritage, improve public spaces, and organise activities that connect people with places, employing a user-centred and participatory approach. In doing this, they aim to inspire and enable people to participate in reshaping their city while retaining cultural heritage (1).
The Yangon's alley gardens project started when a group of young, local and expatriate residents in Yangon decided to set up a small permaculture garden, however, they could not find a suitable plot of land for it (2). As a consequence they had to change the focus and transplant green pots filled with vegetation and vegetables into the back alleys. The implementer used an innovative technique by using bokashi composting of food waste, with around 80 households signing up to take part in the initiative. (5)
The initiative was quite successful as it helped break the cycle of throwing trash out the window into alleyways and built several elevated garden beds. (6)
Address

15 Different townships in Yangon
Yangon, 11000
Myanmar (Burma)

Total area
598750000.00m²
NBS area
15000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2017
End date of the intervention
2019
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The intervention set the following goals:
1. To convert trash alleys into gardens, composting stations, street markets, playgrounds, and art galleries, increasing the greening level across Yangon.
2. To transform wasted or neglected spaces into public usage by providing a waste collection system.
3. To improve public spaces, and organise activities that connect people with places.
4. To transform Yangon into a city with cleaner air, safer streets, and increased economic opportunities.
5. To turn many miles of forgotten wasteland into clean and healthy recreational spaces featuring gardens, street markets, art galleries and children’s playgrounds.
6. To spread awareness and understanding of the importance of liveable, sustainable and inclusive cities.
7. To ensure equal participation amongst different ethnic and religious groups by including women and girls, people with disabilities and the elderly. (1, 2, 3, 4)
Quantitative targets
- Number of wastelands to be cleaned and restored alleyways into green areas - 12
- Number of street areas to be upgraded- 2
- Number of Communities benefiting - 50 communities in Yangon across 15 townships
- Usage of the alleys - from 0 to 50%
- Size of the area to be restored - 15,000 square meters
- Participated volunteers - 200 volunteers (1,2,4)
Monitoring indicators defined
- Number of green alleys created
- Number of communities and townships
- Size of the area to get the benefit
- Number of volunteers participating. (1,2,4)
Implementation activities
Alley Garden Project was implemented by Doh Eain together with community members and authorities in the CBD, in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Multiple stakeholders include residents, the ward and township officers, parliamentary members, and representatives from the municipality of Yangon. (4)
The project’s implementation process was created based on a principle of people’s participation which encouraged the formation of a resident committee for project administration and management as well as the participation of the residents in the activities such as meetings and design workshops. (4)
The implementer aimed to "preserve heritage, improve public spaces, and organise activities that connect people with places, employing a user-centred, participatory approach" by starting with planting shrubs, converting trash alleys into small vegetable gardens, and incorporating recycling and composting techniques. (1)
In 2019, 80 households signed up to take part in the project but there's a constant need for training and motivation to make this work at the household level. "So while the pilot project is working on a technical level, it needs more social energy to succeed on a larger scale." (5)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
House gardens
Green playgrounds and school grounds
Nature on buildings (external)
Balcony greens
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Please specify "other marginalized group"
Vulnerable groups such as young women and girls (2).
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Cultural services
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify "other primary beneficiary"
vulnerable groups such as young women and girls
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Social enterprise
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Social Enterprise, Doh Eain - Initiating, Planning, Implementing (1)
Citizens or community groups - Maintaining, Monitoring ( 2)
Residents, local businesses and embassies- Funding (2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Please specify other Key actors - Other stakeholders involved
Embassies (2)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Social enterprise
Other
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The intervention did not exactly respond to a local strategy but quite the contrary to the lack of one. The project responds to the Martial law imposed in 1988, which shaped the city of Yangon, not only by local policies that evicted residents to the outskirts and limited transit routes but through effectively shutting down foreign investment due to American and European embargoes. Furthermore, it responded to the lack of policies in terms of waste management. (1,5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The funding structure of the project is a unique model developed by Doh Eain with 20% of the total cost of the project implementation provided by residents themselves while the remaining 80% is provided by Doh Eain (4). For this project crowd-fund $60,000 from residents, local businesses and embassies within the duration of three months (2).
Please specify other source of funding
1. Local businesses (2)
2. Embassies (2)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
The innovation also used bokashi composting of food waste which consists of receiving food waste from residents, and transferring it to bokashi barrels. Bokashi composting is an anaerobic fermentation process that relies on inoculated bran to ferment kitchen waste, including meat and dairy, into a safe soil builder and nutrient-rich tea for your plants. (5)
Please specify social innovation
The intervention employed a participatory process developed as "a model that uses mainly non-local equity and loan financing to support socially and environmentally beneficial urban projects. Unlike other investment companies working with heritage properties, Doh Eain does not take ownership of the properties it restores. It subsidizes and delivers turnkey restoration and management services in return for a portion of the rental income over a fixed period of time. Once costs are recovered, the properties are re-turned to the owners, who may elect to continue Doh Eain’s management services". (5)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
It is not known if the innovations are new or derived from other innitiatives.
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
There is mentioning that there is an element of replicability pertaining to the intervention. It is mentioned that Yangon could be an incubator for replicability to different cities of Myanmar as well as throughout other ASEAN and developing countries. (1,5)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Increased green space: By 2020 the project completed 11 Alley Garden projects throughout the downtown area. Yangon Alley Garden project has brought nearly 15,000 m2 of public space back into use. The 12 different sites now feature gardens, playgrounds, street art, seating areas, exercise equipment as well as other elements influenced by local priorities. (2)
It was also expected from the project to transform Yangon into a city with cleaner air, as well as to improve the waste management situation in the city with people managing their public spaces. (1,2)
Description of economic benefits
Income generated for local suppliers, shops, and restaurants; and/or the increased income for heritage property owners (1).
Thus far, Doh Eain has managed 25 restorations for private owners, all of which are residential properties with subsequent rental values increased by a factor of 3.5 (7).
Description of social and cultural benefits
One of the sources mention that residents signalled that there should be stronger communication among stakeholders such as residents and authorities at different levels and that the project brought more involvement in the management of green spaces (4). The project also focused on women, girls, people with disabilities and the elderly therefore ensuring equal participation amongst different ethnic and religious groups (1). Furthermore, the project has encouraged many locals to get engaged. So far, 80 households signed up for the intervention (5).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Number of alleys converted
- Size of the area converted
- Increase in rental prices
- Number of interested participants. (1,2)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
It was mentioned that during the pandemic Doh Eain established the Yangon Neighborhood Network, consolidating its contacts and reaching into neighbourhoods through community engagement. Also, Doh launched a successful campaign, “I Do Nation”, to showcase the contributions of, and promote support for Yangon’s informal street vendor economy devastated by the pandemic lockdown. (5)
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
matsushita_tomoko_paper_gass2018.pdf (426.26 KB) 426.26 KB
doheain-case-study.pdf (6.95 MB) 6.95 MB
List of references
1. Doh Eain: Renewing Yangon (No Date), The Urban Agenda Platform, available at https://www.urbanagendaplatform.org/best-practice/doh-eain-renewing-yangon (accessed 1.2.2023).
2. Emilie Roell (Doh Eain), (November 4, 2020) , Yangon's Alley Garden Project, The City at Eye Level Asia, available at https://thecityateyelevel.com/stories/yangons-alley-garden-project/ (accessed 1.2.2023).
3. Make your city beautiful. Support the Yangon Alley Garden project. (No Date), Coconuts Yangon, available at https://coconuts.co/yangon/news/support-yangon-alley-garden-project/ (accessed 1.2.2023).
4. Matsushita, Tomoko & Roell, Emilie & Kubota, Aya & Meguro, & Kimiro, (December 2018), Impact Evaluation of Alley Revitalization Project in Yangon and Investigation of Potential as Urban Commons, Conference Paper in GREAT ASIAN STREETS SYMPOSIUM / PACIFIC RIM COMMUNITY DESIGN NETWORK / STRUCTURES FOR INCLUSION, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331815976_Impact_Evaluation_of_Alley_Revitalization_Project_in_Yangon_and_Investigation_of_Potential_as_Urban_Commons (accessed 1.2.2023).
5. Bokashi Myanmar (no date), Doh Eain downtown alleys, available at https://bokashimyanmar.com/portfolio/doh-eain-downtown-alleys/ (accessed 29.03.2023)
6. DVB (2017), Rangoon trash alley gets a makeover, available at https://english.dvb.no/rangoon-trash-alley-gets-makeover/ (accessed 29.03.2023)
7. CHIFA (no date), Doh Eain, Yangon, Myanmar, attached.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Trash alley to gardens
Trash alley to gardens
https://english.dvb.no/rangoon-trash-alley-gets-makeover/
Image
Walking Tours to Alley Gardens organized by Doheain
Walking Tours to Alley Gardens
N/A
Image
Participatory design workshop led by women and girls
Participatory design workshop led by women and girls
N/A
Image
Alley Garden
Alley Garden
N/A
Image
Alley Garden
Alley Garden
N/A
Image
After the project
After the project
N/A
Image
Before the project
Before the project
N/A
Image
Trash alley to gardens
Trash alley to gardens
https://english.dvb.no/rangoon-trash-alley-gets-makeover/