1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Bandung
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
Located in downtown Bandung, with an area of 3.8 hectares, Babakan Siliwangi (more commonly known as Baksil) has been declared The World City Forest on September 27, 2011, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It is part of the green belt of Bandung and is a place of recreation for residents and features a canopied walking path. Declaring the forest as part of the urban green belt of the city has not been an easy task for the management team of Baksil as in 2011, there was a plan to build privately-owned multistories building at the site, which would greatly reduce the environmental quality of the area. In response to this challenge, the team initiated a series of awareness actions as well as a planting campaign to raise the profile of the forest, as well as to address several environmental challenges such as emissions reduction, noise pollution, soil degradation, and fauna and flora conservation. The intervention proved to be very successful as it established the Baksil forest as a new public space that enabled people to get to know and better appreciate their city forest. Several communities have been holding events in this area to activate the idle space, while inviting more people to interact with the forest, making it to be invaluable for the local community and the city of Bandung. (1,2,3,4,5)
Address

Indonesia

Area boundary
POINT (107.61147893364 -6.8851533044905)
POINT (107.6102449413 -6.8851854230396)
POINT (107.60996763965 -6.8876631331292)
POINT (107.61148355533 -6.8869289981555)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
1. Google Map. Available at https://www.google.com/maps/place/Babakan+Siliwangi+City+Forest/@-6.8860301,107.6090463,17z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e68e6f840ab33e3:0x734f9b066bb610fa!8m2!3d-6.8861673!4d107.6112904!16s%2Fg%2F11bzs0jmyn (accessed on 04-04-2023)
2. Suciyani and Hinati (2020). ANALYSIS OF GREEN SPACE SUITABILITY IN URBAN FOREST FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN
PLANNING. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/pwk/article/download/32889/pdf (accessed on 04-04-2023)
Total area
38000.00m²
NBS area
38000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2011
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2011
End date of the intervention
2011
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
Babakan Siliwangi is an urban forest area located in the northern part of Bandung City and it's of utmost importance for the people of the city of Bandung. Through the intervention implemented in 2011, the goals were defined as follows:
-To protect the remaining 3.8 ha Babakan Siliwangi (Baksil) forest from being cut down and to transform it into a resort area for tourism activities.
-To increase Baksil's function as a water catchment area to mitigate flood events and improve soil quality.
-To function as the lung of Bandung city as Baksil hosts a large variety of tree species capable of sequestering carbon dioxide by planting a variety of trees.
-To preserve the habitat of several plant and animal species.
-To increase green open space in Bandung City as well as to raise awareness and build the capacity for environmental challenges and social responsibilities. (1,2,3,4,5)
Quantitative targets
- To plant 2,500 trees.
- To involve 1,300 young people.
- To protect 3.8 ha of green area.
- To benefit 2.4 mils. people from the intervention. (1,2,3,4,5)
Monitoring indicators defined
- Number of trees
- Number of people helping with the implementation
- Number of people benefiting
- Size of the area considered for plantation and conservation. (1,2,3,4,5)
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
The intervention was implemented in 2011 when the International Children and Youth Conference (TUNZA) was held in collaboration with UNEP and the Indonesian Ministry of Environment. Bandung has been chosen as the host of the conference because while the city of Bandung has been widely known it is also expected to improve further the conditions of its environment. 1200 teenagers were invited with their chaperones from more than 60 countries to conduct a peaceful protest through a “forest walk” called TUNZA. 2,500 trees were provided by the TUNZA committee for plantation. Furthermore, Baksil, a 3.8 ha habitat for 1,661 species of trees and 149 animal species was officially granted the status of World Urban Forest by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on September 27, 2011. The world urban forest is now guarded and maintained by the Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation office of Bandung City. (1,2,3,4)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Green corridors and green belts
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
2,500 (1)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Noise reduction
Carbon storage/sequestration
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Citizens or community groups
Coalition with multiple of the above
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The intervention was hosted by the Municipality of Banduang with help from the National Ministry of Enviornment and UNEP. It was implemented with the help of the Bandung Creative City Forum (BCCF) an NGO created in 2008, and youth volunteers. (1,2,3)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Multilateral organisation
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Law No. 26 of 2007 on Green Open Space. Based on Law No. 26 of 2007, Green Open Space is divided into two types, namely Public Green Open Space and Private Green Open Space. Based on Article 29 paragraphs (2) and (3) of the law, the proportion of green open space in the city area is at least 30 (thirty) per cent of the city area, while specifically for public green open space the proportion of the area that must be provided by the government is at least an area of 20 (twenty) per cent of the city area. (5)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2004 concerning the Spatial Plan for the City of Bandung. (5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2004 concerning the Spatial Plan for the City of Bandung. (5)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown. The intervention was part of the Tunza Conference of 2011 organized by the Ministry of Enviornment of Indonesia, Municipality of Bandung and UNEP. Costs have not been disclosed. (1,2)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
The intervention was part of the Tunza Conference To Make Bandung World Urban Forest, which was successful. This conference is expected to produce a declaration, `the Bandung Declaration` and to serve as input for the United Nations Conference on sustainable development in Rio+20. (1)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The policy innovation is completely new as it was not mentioned it was influenced or copied from previous activities. (1)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
It is unknown if the innovation has been replicated.
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
It was expected that the intervention will enhance carbon sequestration based on local measurements. The trees in this area absorb CO2 up to 13,680 kilograms per day while releasing O2 up to 9,120 kilograms per day.
Furthermore, there was an increase in the green open space in Bandung city (the ideal target is 6,000 hectares and the current achieved target is only 1,700 hectares) as well as tree species, as 2,500 were planted. Trees that grow within the area are, among others, Cola (Cola nitida) and Sempur (Dillenia Indica L.), but the dominant one is Flamboyan (Delonix Regia). Plantations in this area function as a buffer for air and noise pollution. Whoever spends time in the middle of this city forest will feel a sense of serenity, although it is located very near to crowded big roads. Babakan Siliwangi City Forest is a habitat for 120 plant species and 149 animal species. It is also a transit spot for six species of migrating birds. If this forest area is gone, the migration route of these birds will be cut. (4,7)
Baksil hosts 1,661 species of trees with a density of 496 trees per square meter, of which the majority are more than 50 years old. Among them, 48 species such as durian and Ki Hujan (Samanea saman). (7)
Description of economic benefits
"The function of trees in this area as CO2 absorbance reaches up to 13,680 kilograms per day, while releasing O2 up to 9,120 kilograms per day. If the price of pure O2 is up to IDR 25,000 per liter, then the economic value of Babakan Siliwangi reaches up to IDR 148,000,000. From this calculation, it can be figured that if the area of Babakan Siliwangi is reduced even “only” up to 20%, Bandung will have a loss of about IDR 10 billion. "(4)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Tunza conference was themed "Reshaping our Future through a Green Economy and Sustainable Lifestyle" and was an international activity, every two years participated in by about 550 children and youths aged 15 to 25 years from 120 countries who planted trees and became much more informed regarding the NBS and their benefits. (2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Number of student participants at the conference
- Number and type of trees planted
- CO2 absorption and O2 production rate
- Costs saving for the municipality. (2,4,7)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of April 2nd, 2023.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Antara News (2011), World youths to promote environment in Bandung, available at https://en.antaranews.com/news/75730/news-focus-world-youths-to-promote-environment-in-bandung (accessed 02-04-2023)
2. Antara News (2011), Tunza Conference To Make Bandung World Urban Forest, available at https://bali.antaranews.com/en/berita/14109/tunza-conference-to-make-bandung-world-urban-forest (accessed 02-04-2023)
3. O2Indonesia (2013), Story of a City Forest, available at https://o2indonesia.wordpress.com/2013/05/12/story-of-a-city-forest/ (accessed 02-04-2023)
4. 02Indonesia (2013), Why we should care about our city forest, available at https://o2indonesia.wordpress.com/2013/05/12/why-we-should-maintain-the-ecological-balance-of-babakan-siliwangi-city-forest/ (accessed 02-04-2023)
5. Institut Teknologi Bandung (2012), KAJIAN PERKOTAAN: MEMPERTAHANKAN BABAKAN SILIWANGI SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KOTA BANDUNG, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20140718144347/http://km.itb.ac.id/site/kajian-perkotaan-mempertahankan-babakan-siliwangi-sebagai-ruang-terbuka-hijau-kota-bandung/ (accessed 02-04-2023)
6. Netherlandsandyou (2020), A Forest Sensation in the Middle of the City, available at https://www.netherlandsandyou.nl/latest-news/news/2020/10/14/a-forest-sensation-in-the-middle-of-the-city (accessed 02-04-2023)
7. Meredian Alam & Pamela Nilan (2018): The campaign to save the Bandung city forest in Indonesia, Indonesia and the Malay World, DOI: 10.1080/13639811.2018.1496623 (accessed 02-04-2023)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Baksil 2
Baksil 2
https://aset.idetrips.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/forest-walk-babakan-siliwangi.jpg
Image
Baksil 1
Baksil 1
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNdgwRO3mh5-D9jdeKBpSnh5F49Vr9q8Nncg&usqp=CAU
Image
Baksil ForestWalk 2
Baksil ForestWalk 2
https://img.bandung.go.id/images/feature/2021/10/18/header/163962838381-forest-walk-babakan-siliwangi.jpg
Image
Baksil ForestWalk
Baksil ForestWalk
https://blog.reservasi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Forest-Walk-Babakan-Siliwangi.jpg
Image
Baksil 3
Baksil 3
https://www.pegipegi.com/travel/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/shutterstock_1049172905.jpg