1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Bilbao
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
HUERTOS URBANOS MUNICIPALES EN EL BARRIO DE REKALDE
Short description of the intervention
In 2015, Bilbao City Council launched a pilot project of municipal urban gardens in the district of Rekalde. These urban gardens aim to improve the quality of life of residents by promoting a healthy lifestyle within the neighborhood. Additionally, the municipal urban gardens support a broader initiative to create ecological connectivity across the city’s Green Belt, by linking forest parks with urban parks. (Ref 1)
Address

Bilbao
Spain

Area boundary
POINT (-2.944957 43.245479)
POINT (-2.945133 43.244903)
POINT (-2.944233 43.244533)
POINT (-2.943811 43.245088)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source: https://static.elcorreo.com/noticias/201411/19/media/cortadas/huertos--575x323.jpg
Total area
920.00m²
NBS area
920.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Suburban area
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2015
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. Improve the quality of life of residents (Ref 1)
2. Create a new leisure space that serves to stimulate social cohesion and improve the surroundings of the neighborhood (Ref 1)
3. Create green spaces that will be a part of the green belt of the city, in order to preserve the value of the natural environment and the mountain traditions (Ref 1)
4. Generate an environmental culture, especially for children (Ref 6)
Quantitative targets
Create 23 different gardens, with each of the plots occupying 40 square meters. (Ref 1)
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of gardens created (Ref 1);
Area of plots [m2] (Ref 1)
Implementation activities
The City Council's Area of Works and Services awards garden plots to different groups of people. The award is made through an open competition, for a term of 2 years, with the potential for a 1-year extension. Those awarded the plots are responsible for the maintenance of the space, and in the social activities that are carried out, including collaborating with the Children of the School Agenda 21 in promoting environmental values. Furthermore, the vegetables planted in the municipal plots cannot be sold to third parties (Ref 1)

The allocation of plots is as following: (Ref 1)
- 9 plots are for residents of the neighborhood. Residents between the ages of 18 and 24, or those over 65, are prioritized.
- 5 plots are for families in the neighborhood.
- 4 are for unemployed people in the neighborhood, with a priority for those unemployed for the longest time.
- 2 plots are for non-profit associations from the neighborhood.
- 2 are for people with disabilities or representative associations of people with disabilities. People with disabilities registered in the neighborhood, or associations with registered offices in the neighborhood, have higher priority.
- 1 plot is for non-profit associations in Bilbao, especially for those that promote the natural environment and social cohesion in Bilbao. Higher priority goes to: mountain groups, scout and leisure groups, parish groups, or social-educational intervention teams.

After the plots are rewarded, various environmental education activities are implemented. For example, municipal technicians provide a course on the basic rules of cultivation and operation in the orchards (Ref 6)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
23 plots (Ref 1)
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
This NBS is led by the Municipality of Bilbao. (Ref 1)

The City Council’s Works and Services Area awards garden plots to different groups. (Ref 1)

The different groups include individuals (especially young adults and the elderly), families, unemployed people, people with disabilities or representative organizations of people with disabilities, non-profit organizations in the neighborhood, and non-profit organizations in the city. (Ref 1)

Municipal technicians are responsible for some environmental educational activities in the gardens. (Ref 6)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
Even though this NBS is not a response to a EU Directive, one must mention the fact that the NBS refers to Agenda 21, a United Nation program which has been implemented in Bilbao as well. Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development (3)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
This NBS mentions its connection to Bilbao Agenda 21, a project "of the municipality and for the municipality" , which advocates a change in municipal policy towards a more environmentally friendly position and gives the municipality an instrument of great strategic value to face future challenges and to achieve an improvement in the quality of life of all citizens. (Ref 3)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The project is part of the "Corazones de Barrio project" of the Bilbao City Council (Ref 1). The Corazones de Barrio project tries to transfer to each neighborhood the same opportunities that the center of Bilbao center has, integrating it into a Barrios-Centro network, which in turn, strengthens the city. (Ref 4)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Please specify other Business model
Neighborhood revitalization (Ref 1)
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
This NBS is a product innovation since community gardens are relatively new to Bilbao. But maybe its novelty consist in the fact that this action, to create community gardens, is done at an official level (1)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
There is no mentioned that this NBS is copied from another project (1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
In 2017 the Bilbao neighborhood of Otxarkoaga-Txurdinaga joins the city's urban ecological project, with 56 new land located at the back of the Centro Formativo Otxarkoaga that will be cultivated by neighbors and long-term unemployed people of the neighborhood, non-profit associations and persons or associations of persons with disabilities. (5)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Achieved Impacts:
Green Space Creation/ Connectivity:
-Creation of 23 garden plots, of 40 sqm each (Ref 1,6)
-Success of this initiative led to expansion to Otxarkoaga / Txurdinaga neighborhood, resulting in a further 56 plots (Ref 5)
-Plots in connection to green belt of the city (Ref 1)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
Achieved Impacts:
Green Access/ Local Management/ Social Cohesion/ Interaction:
-Plots allocated to different groups: residents (prioritizing those aged 18-24, and over 65), families, unemployed, people with disabilities, non-profit associations (Ref 1,6)
-Success of this initiative led to expansion of initiative to Otxarkoaga / Txurdinaga neighborhood (Ref 5)

Healthy Food:
-Provided healthy food choices - vegetables grown can be personally consumed (Ref 5)

Environmental Education:
-1 plot is reserved for environmental education “with school practices of ecological gardening” (Ref 6)

Expected Impacts:
Cultural/Natural Heritage:
-A goal for promoting environmental education was to preserve the value of the natural environment, of the mountain tradition (Ref 1)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of gardens created (Ref 1); Area of gardens [m2] (Ref 1)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Since the municipal gardens have a small surface area, they are not considered production fields. As such, they were closed from the beginning of the state of alarm and through quarantine. The municipal gardens re-opened 11 April, with certain days reserved for certain plots. During the quarantine, some of the plots were destroyed due to the lack of maintenance. Many people are grateful to return to the plots, as a way to get out of the house during the pandemic. (Ref 7)
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Bilbao's Municipality. (2015). BILBAO CONTARÁ CON LOS PRIMEROS HUERTOS URBANOS MUNICIPALES EN EL BARRIO DE REKALDE. Available at: http://www.bilbao.eus/cs/Satellite?c=BIO_Noticia_FA&cid=1279142382278&language=en&pageid=3000075248&pagename=Bilbaonet/BIO_Noticia_FA/BIO_Noticia [Accessed: 11 October 2020].
2. Bilbao Turismo. (2020). Bilbao Green Belt. Available at: http://www.bilbaoturismo.net/BilbaoTurismo/en/anillo-verde-bilbao [Accessed: 11 October 2020].
3. Bilbao Agenda 21. (n.d.) Qué es la Agenda 21. Available at: http://www.bilbao.eus/cs/Satellite/agenda21/Que-es-la-Agenda-21/es/100078599/Contenido_Detalle [Accessed: 11 October 2020].
4. Bilbao Buenas Noticias. (2015). Huertos urbanos en Bilbao a partir de verano. [Not available in 2020].
5. Deia. (2017). Bilbao extiende el proyecto de huertos ecológicos urbanos al barrio de Otxarkoaga/Txurdinaga. Available at: https://www.deia.eus/bizkaia/bilbao/2017/03/06/bilbao-extiende-proyecto-huertos-ecologicos/561002.html [Accessed: 11 October 2020].
6. Deia. (2015). Rekalde acoge los primeros huertos urbanos de Bilbao. Available at: https://www.deia.eus/bizkaia/bilbao/2015/09/18/rekalde-acoge-primeros-huertos-urbanos/457037.html [Accessed: 11 October 2020].
7. Alvarez, I. (2020). Los puerros han echado flor y las cebolletas no han engordado. El Correo. Available at: https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/puerros-echado-flor-20200506131617-nt.html [Accessed: 13 October 2020].
Comments and notes
Comments
As in response to Sara's comments, I wasn't able to find the total costs, they were not mentioned

Section 1/ Total Area: Calculated total area by multiplying 23 plots x 40 sqm is 920 sqm. The actual area may be larger than this.

Section 2/ Goals: Improve food consumption habits (Ref Unknown), Increase access to self sustainable practices (Ref Unknown)

Section 2/ Quantitative Targets & Indicators: Serving cca 47.000 inhabitants (Ref Unknown); 2. Number of people benefiting (Ref Unknown) – cited Ref 1, but I was unable to find this figure in Ref 1 as of 2020
Public Images
Image
Urban Community Gardens of Rekalde
Source: Ref. 6, Juan Lazkano