1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Bologna
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Il Frutteto del Palazzino, nel parco di Villa Ghigi di Bologna
Short description of the intervention
In 2010 a very special orchard was inaugurated in the Park of Villa Ghigi in Bologna, the first of its kind in the region and probably in Italy, to preserve the germplasm of some of the oldest varieties of fruit plants in the Emilia-Romagna region. The Orchard contains about thirty fruit trees, organized into homogeneous groups: olives, pears, apples, rowan and smaller fruits. Each plant is accompanied by a panel describing the characteristics of the plant, the agronomic and the cultural aspects, including the tree and fruit picture (1).
Address

Via San Mamolo 105
40136 Bologna
Italy

Total area
280000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2010
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
There are 4 main purposes of this project:
1) recovery and enhancement of the germplasm of autochthonous fruits of Emilia-Romagna (LR 1/2008);
2) didactic dissemination;
3) memory retention related to cultivation, storage and use; The data will be part of the so-called "Memory Bank" provided by the aforementioned regional law;
4) Scientific research by Arpa of some plants in order to assess the climate change in progress through the observation and analysis of phenological phenomena (opening of buds, flowering, etc.). Stackable fruit trees are therefore important biological indicators not only as "sensors" of climate change, but also environmental quality and in particular air pollutants (5 and 6).
Quantitative targets
unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
unknown
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Over the years several plants risking extinction were introduced in the garden. Plants are constantly monitored and the use of natural pollinators, such as bees, permits the maintenance of biodiversity (4).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Other
Please specify "other parks or (semi)natural urban green area"
Orchard contained in a public park (1 and 2).
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
30 fruit types of trees
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Pollination
Habitat and supporting services
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Tourism
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Please specify "other primary beneficiary"
Private foundation (1 and 2).
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Other
Please specify other non-government actors involved
Private foundation
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was launched and directed by Fondazione Villa Ghigi, in collaboration with Arpa and Regione Emilia-Romagna (1 and 2).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
It was a regional initiative.
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
It was a regional initiative.
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The initiative titled "The Biodiversity Orchard Network" is part of the activities to protect the genetic resources of agricultural interest in the region.
Arpa ER (following an agreement with the Emilia-Romagna Region and in reference to Regional Law 1/2008 for the conservation of genetic resources of agrarian interest) has "woven" a Biodiversity Orchard Network, realizing a series of garden- orchards (6).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The project is part of the Biodiversity Orchard Network and focuses on restoration and maintenance of biodiversity and plants that currently exist in only specific parts of the region. This is done by monitoring the plants and introducing natural pollinators in the park (4).
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The project is a clear NBS intervention, as it focuses on the introduction and maintenance of ancient local fruit plants in order to guarantee biodiversity and genetic maintenance (1 and 2). It is part of the Biodiversity Orchard Network (4).
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The orchard, realized by the Villa Ghigi Foundation in agreement with ARPA EmiliaRomagna, is the first of the initiatives that already have been launched within a larger agreement between the Emilia-Romagna Region and ARPA aimed at environmental knowledge creation and climate change impacts prevention through rural biodiversity conservation in support of regional agricultural systems. The name of the initiative is: The Biodiversity Orchard Network (4).
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Re-introduction of ancient fruit plant species in the verge of extinction through replanting and monitoring in order to ensure genetic diversity maintenance (1, 2 and 3).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
This is the first fruit garden of this kind in the Emilia Region and in Italy (2 and 3).
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
After the inauguration of this fruit garden, a project for a similar one was launched in Romagna, always with the same conservative and study purposes. It will be located near Cesenatico (3).
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The NBS recovered and enhanced the ancient varieties of fruit trees from Emilia-Romagna, protecting their genetic heritage and ancient cultivation techniques. The grafts of some of the oldest specimens of fruit trees that exist in the region have been planted inside the orchard, such as vines, olive trees, pear trees, apple trees, plums, pomegranates and figs. In a secluded corner of the park, a small population of dittany (Dictamnus albus), a rare and protected hilly herbaceous plant, has been recreated and nests have been placed for the pollinating insects indispensable for its fertilization (2,3)
The fruit garden is currently hosting many fruit plant species, which create the perfect environment for local animal species (the park hosts an amphibian specie that exists exclusively in Italy)(4, 5 and 6).
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The NBS was implemented in a public park and visitors were able to learn more about the local plants and species through exhibitions but also simple visits (4). The area attracts many visitors and the foundation managing the park involves schools and citizens in several environmental education activities (4, 5 and 6). No other precise data was provided.
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of new species present (4, 5 and 6).
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. L´Agenzia regionale per la prevenzione, l´ambiente e l´energia dell´Emilia-Romagna (Arpae) (no date), Il Frutteto del Palazzino, nel parco di Villa Ghigi di Bologna, Available at https://www.arpae.it/it/temi-ambientali/biodiversita/scopri-di-piu/il-frutteto-del-palazzino-nel-parco-di-villa-ghigi (Accessed 22-7-2021)

2. Fondazione Villa Ghigi, (no date), Natura del Parco Villa Ghigi, Available at https://www.fondazionevillaghigi.it/parco-villa-ghigi-bologna/natura/ (Accessed 19-6-2020)

3. Parisini, F. (2010), “Il giardino dei frutti dimenticati rivive sui colli di Villa Ghigi” in La Repubblica, Available at https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/10/31/il-giardino-dei-frutti-dimenticati-rivive-sui.html (Accessed 19-6-2020)

4. Arpa (2013), I frutteti della in biodiversità Emilia-Romagna, Available at http://www.nuovaterraviva.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/fruttetibiodiversita.pdf (Accessed 19-6-2020)

5. Brenna, L. (2015), Villa Ghigi, un incredibile scrigno di biodiversità a due passi da Bologna, in Lorto giardino di monte renzio blogspot, Available at http://lortogiardinodimonterenzio.blogspot.com/2015/07/villa-ghigi-bologna-un-articolo.html (Accessed 19-6-2020)

6. Arpae (2015), La rete dei frutteti della biodiversità, Available at https://www.arpae.it/dettaglio_evento.asp?id=2284&idlivello=218 (Accessed 19-6-2020)
Comments and notes
Comments
The amount of information on the web is limited and repetitive. I will try to contact the person in charge of the NBS next week to ask for additional info (this happened the second week of August and I contacted the general info email of the Villa Ghigi Foundation).

Update on 24th August: I did not receive any answer to my email. Tried sending one again on August 25th.
Additional insights
The link under "Formal Monitoring Report" is an overview of the fruit species planted with the goal to preserve biodiversity in different gardens around Italy, including the fruit garden in Villa Ghigi, Bologna. The plants are currently being monitored by local staff (1 and 4).
Public Images
Image
Fruit Garden in Villa Ghigi (2018)
Fruit Garden in Villa Ghigi (2018)
Photographer: Sergio Guidi, retrieved 08/13/2018
Image
Fruit Garden in Villa Ghigi
Fruit Garden in Villa Ghigi
Source: http://lortogiardinodimonterenzio.blogspot.com/2015/07/villa-ghigi-bologna-un-articolo.html