1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Budapest
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
IKEA Áruház – extenzív biodiverz tetőkertje
Short description of the intervention
IKEA opened its doors in Budapest in 1990. This was the very first store in Hungary. Twelve years later, the store announced that it would install a green roof. The main purpose of the green roof was to compensate the locals for the loss of green space. The green roof was intended to create a biologically active surface that fits in aesthetically into the suburban landscape and provide a home for animals such as pollinators. The green roof, built in 2002, was covered with a Sedum carpet. In 2014, when the original Sedum vegetation died out, the green roof was completely removed. Then, during the autumn 2014 planting, four types of Sedum shoots were seeded. This was followed in the spring of 2015 by the seeding of herbaceous dicots seed mixes, which contained seeds of roughly 50 plant species. The vegetation is regularly monitored by ecologists: in 2021, more than 160 different taxa were recorded, including spontaneously occurring species. The green roof is closed, not accessible to the public, however tours are occasionally organized for professionals [3] [6] [8] [9] [10] [11].
Address

Budapest
Örs vezér tere 22
1148
Hungary

Total area
6500.00m²
NBS area
6500.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2014
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2014
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1) Giving back to the locals as much of the park occupied by the department store as possible; 2) Creating more urban green spaces; 3) Increasing the biodiversity; 4) Paying attention to the climate change and empowering adaptation to the climate change risks - e.g. the green roof reduces the stormwater runoff and cools the roof surface thereby reducing the urban heat island effect. [1] [3]
Quantitative targets
Quantitative targets:
1) Covering with plants the roof surface at 6500 square metres; 2) Sowing at least 50-60 plant species.

Qualitative targets:
1) Reducing air pollution (dust, toxic gases) 2) Saving energy (by heating and cooling the building) 3) Protecting the roof material from UV radiation and extending the lifetime of the roof
Monitoring indicators defined
- The presence of different plant species is regularly monitored
- Insect species and other animals living on the green roof are also monitored regularly [1] [3] [11]
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
1) Removal of the previous Sedum green roof; 2) Installation of the different layers: drainage membrane, root barrier, filter fabric, growing medium; 3) seeding the special seed mix of 50 species [6]
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Aesthetic appreciation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Please specify "other primary beneficiary"
IKEA Co-workers, neighbors
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
IKEA initiated the project and the company Deep Forest was involved. The project was led by Péter Dezsényi horticultural engineer and the owner of Deep Forest. The cooperation started in 2014 with the idea to remove the Sedum carpet and replace it with other perennial plants [2] [6].
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
No
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Radó Dezső Plan was adopted by the capital assembly in 2021. It is the Budapest's Green Infrastructure Development and Maintenance Action Plan. The objectives of the plan are e.g.: maintaining green infrastructure for a healthy city, climate-smart green infrastructure management, maintenance and development of urban green infrastructure to maintain and, where possible, increase biodiversity.
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
Sedum album, Sedum hybridum 'Weihenstephaner Gold', Sedum reflexum, Sedum lydium-glaucum, Plantago lanceolata, Achillea collina, Allium tuberosum, Centaurea cyanus and other perennials - grasses, herbs and drought tolerant plants. [11]
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
-
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
The green roof protects the roof structure, especially the top layer, from UV rays, giving it a longer lifespan. A green roof is a technological innovation that keeps the heat inside in winter and cools the building in summer. It reduces the noise infiltration and binds dust. Extensive green roofs are self-sustaining, requiring no irrigation, horticultural intervention or fertilizer [1] [5].
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The Sedum green roof was installed in 2002. In 2014, when the original Sedum vegetation died out, it was completely removed and replaced with perennials - grasses, herbs, drought-resilient plants. Now it is an extensive, biodiverse green roof [6].
Replicability/Transferability
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
- thanks to the green roof the energy use of the building is lower
Description of environmental benefits
With the green roof
1) the number of insect species increased
2) the number of plant species increased
3) the urban green space increased
4) there was created habitat for animals
5) the noise infiltration was reduced
6) the air pollution was reduced
[1] [3] [6] [11]
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
- thanks to the green roof the energy use of the building is lower
Description of social and cultural benefits
1) the green roof improves the quality of the air
2) it makes the rooftop more aesthetically pleasing
3) the vegetation of the green roof is regularly monitored by ecologists
4) tours are occasionally organized for professionals
[3] [8] [9] [10]
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- The green roof was established on 6500 m2
- Special seed mix of 50 species was seeded
- In 2021 more than 160 different taxa were recorded
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Not publicly available at the moment
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
-
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
-
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
No
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
No
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
No
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
List of references
1. afoldgomb.hu. (2024). Zöldhomlokzatok, zöldtetők, zöldállampolgárok. [online] Available at: https://afoldgomb.hu/latest-cover/a-foldgomb-2024-marcius-aprilis-2/zoldhomlokzatok-zoldtetok-zoldallampolgarok [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

2. quibit.hu. (2023). A fenntarthatóság már édeskevés, vissza kell vadítani városainkat. [online] Available at: https://qubit.hu/2023/08/22/a-fenntarthatosag-mar-edeskeves-vissza-kell-vaditani-varosainkat [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

3. 365.reblog.hu. (2017). Télen fűt, nyáron hűt, évente egyszer elég gondozni: ez a zöldtető [online] Available at: https://365.reblog.hu/telen-fut-nyaron-hut-evente-egyszer-gondozni-a-zoldteto [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

4. gardenista.hu. (2017). Gazos és trendi. Zöld a város felett [online] Available at: https://gardenista.hu/2017/10/28/gazos-ooo-mondanam-biodiverz-az-meg-mi/ [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

5. zoldtetoepites.hu. (2020). Mennyire meghatározó a zöldtető rétegrend? [online] Available at: https://zoldtetoepites.hu/mennyire-meghatarozo-a-zoldteto-retegrend/ [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

6. magyarmezogazdasag.hu. (2021). Biodiverz zöldtető Budapesten [online] Available at: https://magyarmezogazdasag.hu/2021/07/30/biodiverz-zoldteto-budapesten/ [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

7. epiteszforum.hu. (2017). Merjünk belevágni a zöldtető telepítésbe! [online] Available at: https://epiteszforum.hu/merjunk-belevagni-a-zoldteto-telepitesbe [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

8. greenroof.hu. (2024). Most nézd meg az IKEA biodiverz zöldtetőjét! [online] Available at: https://greenroof.hu/most-nezd-meg-az-ikea-biodiverz-zoldtetojet [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

9. makeosz.hu. (2021). IKEA zöldtető szakmai séta [online] Available at: https://www.makeosz.hu/rendezvenyek/szakmai-utak-es-kirandulasok/ikea-zoldteto-szakmai-seta [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

10. zeosz.hu. (2018). Újra IKEA zöldtető szakmai séta [online] Available at: https://zeosz.hu/?s=ikea [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

11. IKEA növénylista (2021) – pdf dokumentum. [offline] Available at: https://una.city/sites/default/files/nbs/files/ikea_novenylista_kieg_2021.pdf [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

12. IKEA's local sustainability report for the financial year of 2018 (2019) – pdf dokumentum. [offline] Available at: https://una.city/sites/default/files/nbs/files/local-sustainability-report-for-the-financial-year-of-2018.pdf [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

13. Magyar biodiverz magkeverékek (2023). In: Kertészet és Szőlészet. 12. szám. 2023.03.22. p. 23–25 – pdf dokumentum. [offline] Available at: https://una.city/sites/default/files/nbs/files/biodiverz_magmix_2023.pdf [Accessed: 24.09.2024]

14. Zöldinfrastruktúra útmutató (2024). MultiContact Consulting Kft. AQUA Engine Kft. – pdf dokumentum. [offline] Available at: https://una.city/sites/default/files/nbs/files/zoldinfrastruktura-utmutato.pdf [Accessed: 24.09.2024]
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
Image
Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof - Linum perenne
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Late spring on the green roof
Late spring on the green roof
Private picture
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Summer on the green roof - Gaillardia, Erigeron annuus etc.
Summer on the green roof - Gaillardia, Erigeron annuus etc.
Private picture
Image
Summer on the green roof - Allium tuberosum
Summer on the green roof - Allium tuberosum
Private picture
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Animal species living on the rooftop
Animal species living on the rooftop
Private picture
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Spring on the green roof - Centaurea cyanus, Onobrychis viciifolia
Spring on the green roof - Centaurea cyanus, Onobrychis viciifolia
Private picture