1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Budapest
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Leonardo Kert
Short description of the intervention
The Leonardo Garden was a community garden in an empty building site of 8th district of Budapest, that implementation was initiated by KÉK, the Contemporary Architectural Centre. (Reference 3)
The recultivation of two neglected, empty plots of land created one of the earliest community gardens in Hungary. Plants for consumption, spices, herbs and ornamental plants were planted. The 95 plots in the Garden were cultivated by young people, families and pensioners, but the Garden also served educational purposes, as it frequently received school groups. The Garden has hosted a number of public community and cultural, gastronomic and musical events, which were well attended by both the neighbourhood and the general public. The community garden was closed in March 2018 because the company that owns the land wanted to start construction on it. (Reference 5)



Address

Budapest
Tömő Street 14
1083
Hungary

Total area
1400.00m²
NBS area
960.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2010
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2012
End date of the intervention
2012
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The goals of the project included:
- introducing and promoting urban gardening in Hungary;
- creating a legal frame for urban gardening;
- creating pilot projects for developing a self-organizing movement of urban gardening;
- supporting the creation of a more liveable city;
- helping the urban dwellers to adapt to climate change and educating them about self-sufficiency;
- creating and strengthening communities (Reference 1).
Quantitative targets
Creating a 960 square meter large garden divided into 90-95 parcels (Reference 3)
Monitoring indicators defined
square metres of land cultivated
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Before the Leonardo Garden was implemented, the organization Kortárs Építészeti Központ had assessed the demands and opportunities in Hungary for urban gardening and created the garden based on their findings. (Reference 3) In the Leonardo Garden, 960 square meter large plot has become cultivated that is divided to 95 parcels. They planted plants for consumption, spices, herbs and ornamental plants. Areas for composting were also created. Initiators organized programs for the locals, giving lectures and sharing their experiences with other organizations (Reference 2, 3). They also created a social area which could host smaller community programmes.
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
95 (Reference 3)
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Raw materials
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Leonardo Garden was a pilot project of the Contemporary Architecture Centre [Kortárs Építészeti Központ - KÉK] with which they aimed to introduce and promote urban gardening. Based on their prior assessment of the area, they implemented the Leonardo Garden with the help of funds and the involvement of local people. While the KÉK is still responsible for the governance of the garden, in the management the local gardeners have an important role. (Reference 3).
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
No
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Please specify other type of voluntary intervention
With this and similar projects the KÉK aims to promote sustainable lifestyle and with their activity they can support the positive change of the environment and the micro-climate of the area (Refernce 2).
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Before the Leonardo Garden was implemented, the organization had assessed the demands and opportunities in Hungary for urban gardening (Reference 3).
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
unknown
Please specify cost savings
unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
unknown
Source(s) of funding
Please specify other source of funding
Tenders (Reference 3)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
With this project, KÉK could provide an example for urban gardening and establish the legal framework for it (Reference 2).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The initiators followed international examples for urban gardening in the case of the Leonardo Garden (Reference 3).
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Since the implementation of Leonardo Garden, numerous community gardens have been established not only in Budapest but also in cities of the countryside. Many were initiated by the local governments, others were organized by local people and non-governmental organizations. KÉK aims to help them with sharing their experiences and educate people (Reference 3).
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The evaporation from the surface of the vegetation in the 960m2 garden has improved the local air quality. In contrast to the monoculture of landscape and garden construction common in the city, the biodiversity of flora and fauna has increased measurably in and around the garden. (Reference 5) There are an increased amount of bees and birds in the area. (Reference 6)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The company that maintained the park did a survey amongst it’s users each year, which revealed that the garden considerably improves people’s aesthetic appreciation of the area. (Reference 5) A different study revealed that the unused area which was formerly known for illegal activity is now safe and public safety has improved. (Reference 6) The garden strengthened social cohesion, in part due to the community and cultural, gastronomic and musical events, which were held in the garden and appreciated by the locals. The garden increased outdoor, interactive educational opportunities for school students in the city. By not using any chemicals, the garden also increased access to healthy food. (Reference 5)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- rate of interests of the renters
- evaluation of the area of the garden by locals
- biodiversity (Reference 3)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
Yes
Please specify the negative impacts
A report by Csaba Bende (Reference 6) established a correlation between gentrification and the community park, but said that it can't be concluded that the park caused gentrification.
COVID-19 pandemic
Not applicable as the community garden was ended in 2018
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
KÉK got feedback from the locals regarding the close neighbourhood of the garden, According to this, the locals like to stroll on the street of the garden because of the aesthetical pleasure (Reference 3).
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. KÉK. (2017). The Official Website of KÉK. [online] Available at: http://kek.org.hu/en/projekt/kertek/. [Accessed: 29.06.2020].
2. Leonardo Kert. (2017). The Official Website of Leonardo Garden. [online] Available at: http://kozossegikertek.hu/kertek/viii-kerulet/corvin-setany/. [Accessed: 19.06.2020].
3. Megyeri, N. (2014). Kert a városban: közösségi élmény és saját zöldség. Recity. [online] Available at: http://recity.hu/kozossegi-kertek-zoldsegtermesztes-es-szocialis-elet/. [Accessed: 19.06.2020].
4. Bartha, A. (2014). Leonardo Garden. [image] Available at: http://recity.hu/kozossegi-kertek-zoldsegtermesztes-es-szocialis-elet/. [Accessed: 19.06.2020].
5. Kozossegikertek.hu. (year unknown). Leonardo Kert. [online]. Available at: http://kozossegikertek.hu/garden/leonardo/ [Accessed: 15.07.2020]
6. Bende, Cs. (2016). A közösségi kertek, mint a nagyvárosi dzsentrifikációs folyamatok produktumai? - A budapesti Leonardo kert esete. Településföldrajzi tanulmányok (ISSN: 2063-4315), 2016 (2). pp. 38-52. Available at: http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/10808/ [Accessed: 15.07.2020]



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Public Images
Image
Leonardo Garden
Leonardo Garden
Photographer: Marton Kallai, retrieved 08/10/2018 from Monika Kertész (http://kozossegikertek.hu/garden/leonardo/)