1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Chennai
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
The Community Garden Project was proposed in 2018 by Samyuktha Kannan (a resident of Chennai City) to the Resident Welfare Association (RWA), which is a non-governmental organization (NGO) of Kasturba Nagar (1,2,3). The RWA uses the community hall of a public park of Kasturba Nagar to host meetings and community events, but the area was surrounded by open dry land and an unmanaged field (1,2). This open area surrounding the community hall was then assigned to develop a community garden of 1500 square feet (1,2,3). This project aimed to serve as a shared garden place to bring along residents of all age groups to enjoy gardening and simultaneously create opportunities to learn and share knowledge through social engagement and reconnect with nature (1,2). Although implemented and completed in 2019, the project still continues to contribute towards sustainability through further development and introduction of eco-friendly elements and activities, as well as the involvement of various stakeholders for support (3,4).
Address

2742+8Q6, 2nd Main Rd, Kasturba Nagar, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Chennai 600020
India

Total area
139.35m²
NBS area
139.35m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
The open area surrounding the community hall was only dry land with weeds, which was rather unkempt (1,2).
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2018
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2019
End date of the intervention
2019
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- To develop a 'Community Garden' as a green initiative within the Kasturba Nagar locality to bring people together and provide them with a shared space for interaction as well as promote gardening.
- To nurture a garden patch (by residents of all ages on their own) through organic cultivation of fruits or vegetables, medicinal herbs and flowering plants (i.e. grow locally and produce sustainably).
- To improve soil fertility in the area of intervention.
- To educate people through experimental gardening and create opportunities to learn and share knowledge through social engagement.
- To develop opportunities for relaxation and reconnecting with nature by engaging in a sustainable initiative.
- To promote human well-being through gardening activities.
- To maintain the cleanliness of the area, mostly through the removal of plastic pollution.
- To create an example of excellent community building exercise through this green initiative of community gardening (1,2,3,4).
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Implementation activities
The community group was proposed by a citizen in Chennai named Samyuktha Kannan, with the intention of developing a community garden in her locality. Following the project suggestion, this idea was supported by the Resident Welfare Association (RWA), a local NGO that takes care of the interests and welfare of locals. RWA granted permission and allocated an open area surrounding the community hall to create the garden.
- At first, a couple of people who were interested in participating in the garden were targeted to receive insights into developing the community garden based on experienced farmers and gardeners included in the project team. The initial project team formed by Samyuktha Kannan discussed the essential infrastructure required to carry out the activities.
- Different suggestions regarding what type of greening ideas can be carried out (like the use of native species, cultivation of local crops, providing a home for pollinator bees etc.) were discussed, and a layout was developed for further implementation (2).
Subsequent activities included:
- Clearing of the space filled with weeds and waste;
- Plantation of saplings of fruits or vegetables like tomatoes, spinach etc., flowering plants and a variety of herbs
- Use of dried fallen leaves for mulching
- Provision of compost by residents
- Understanding the challenges through conversations with experts to improve soil fertility, as well as related to the use of pesticides and use of techniques like fences and plantation of different crops to repel pests
- Division of garden into three sections (flowers, vegetables/fruits and medicinal herbs): which now (at present) blooms with fresh tomatoes, gourds, chillies, beans, peas, basil and Chinese potatoes, among other variants - say a mix of plants for ecological and educational purposes (1,3).

Activities carried out regularly include weekly gardening sessions, sapling and seed exchange programmes, events and workshops to promote gardening (1,2,4). Weekly gardening sessions (for people of all ages) take place every Saturday, which are open to the public (anyone who would like to do volunteering is welcome). On a day-to-day basis, there are three or four dedicated volunteers who look into and execute the details of garden management.

Subsequent development ideas of the project team to implement in the near future (information from 2022), include:
- incorporation of a bird feeder, a beehive and an aquatic area
- involving local businesses and explore composting experiments
- raising funds from local businesses and
- seeking support from the local government (1,2,3).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Please specify "other derelict areas"
Open area surrounding the community hall which was rumpled (1,2).
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
The area surrounding the community hall was developed into a community garden. The garden was divided into 3 sections for fruits or vegetables, medicinal herbs and flowering plants (1,2).
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Medicinal resources
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Pest and disease control
Cultural services
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
This project was mainly led by a citizen in Chennai named Samyuktha Kannan, who proposed the idea of developing a community garden in her locality. Following the project suggestion, this idea was supported by the Resident Welfare Association (RWA), a non-governmental organization (NGO) which takes care of the interests and welfare of a residential society. For this project, RWA granted permission and allocated an open area surrounding the community hall of Kasturba Nagar locality to develop it into a community garden.
Volunteers participated in the project's development and are still welcome to enjoy gardening activities. These volunteers include residents of the locality, from children and young people to adults (people of all ages).
Experts like farmers and gardeners are also included for their experienced advice on gardening initiatives and techniques (1,2,3).

For further development of project, there is a need for more resources, more manpower and more funds. Other potential stakeholders include:
- involving local business/companies to raise funds
- a collaboration with local government to seek support
- other people from city for volunteering (2,3).
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Please specify other landowner
Resident Welfare Association (RWA), a non-governmental organization (NGO).
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Please specify other type of voluntary intervention
Community sustenance and green space creation
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown.
The project was mainly funded by citizens: "Before purchasing saplings and planting them, volunteers pitched in with small contributions to fund the activities" (Ref. 1).
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify social innovation
The community garden is an excellent example of how local communities can come together to create and manage land for the benefit of the community and a particularly unique case of a citizen taking the initiative for a project that serves the broader community. It serves as a shared garden place to bring along residents of all age groups to enjoy gardening and simultaneously create opportunities to learn, share knowledge through social engagement and be involved in the management of the garden (Ref. 1, 2, 3).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Samyuktha Kannan, a resident of Chennai and the person behind the idea of creating the community garden, was inspired by similar activities she was part of in London during her studies (Ref. 1).
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
Low maintenance costs
Description of environmental benefits
-Increased green space area & Restoration of derelict areas: The community garden was created in a 1500 square feet wide area, previously unused and abandoned. A local team of volunteers cleared the area to prepare it for farming (Ref. 1).

-Increased number of species present: The volunteers planted saplings of fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, spinach, and a variety of herbs (Ref. 1).

-Improved prevention or control of invasive alien species: During the first harvesting, the project suffered from pests, and to prevent future problems actions were taken against it, such as the creation of fences and planting different crops particularly able to repel pests (Ref. 1).

-Enhanced support of pollination: Consideration was given to native plants and activities to support pollination (Ref. 2). As one of the many suggestions given by the participants, "someone suggested having a mini apiary because providing a home for pollinator bees does not just help the garden, but also helps the entire neighbourhood" (Ref. 2).

-Improved soil quality: The project is expected to contribute to improved soil quality, as one of the first steps of the community garden development involved the team adding organic nutrients to enrich the soil (Ref. 1). However, the area was previously in bad condition, and the volunteers are struggling to keep the soil clean due to plastic pollution (Ref. 2).

-Improved waste management: Is considered an ongoing task, however, the volunteers are actively working to maintain the cleanliness of the area through the removal of plastic pollution (Ref. 2).
Please specify other socio-cultural impact
Volunteer opportunities (Ref. 1)
Description of economic benefits
Generation of income from NBS: To support the upkeep of the garden, people who have been participating in the garden and in the learning events have all been contributing with small donations (Ref. 2).

Other impacts:
Maintenance costs are kept low based on people with previous experience with community gardens. "Other volunteers have also said that they found it really helpful to learn how to restore soil and everything on their own by using local resources, instead of having to buy soil and to buy nutrients" (Ref. 2).
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Improved social cohesion: The community garden serves as an opportunity for residents to bond while creating a green space in their locality (Ref. 2).

- Increased opportunities for social interaction: The garden also offers several activities for locals to interact during gardening activities and educational events, with people of all ages coming to the garden working together as a community (Ref. 1, 2). "People are coming together with a shared interest, and that makes for a really good experience" (Ref. 2). The garden is considered to be particularly helpful during the pandemic to interact and meet like-minded people (Ref. 3).

-Improved access to urban green space: The citizen behind the project states that "people’s response to the lack of space and greenery has generally been to have private gardens like terrace gardens, balcony gardens and the like, with the downside of requiring extensive resources and a lot of time". So this garden was designed to be a place "where people, even with limited resources, can come in and learn gardening, enjoy its benefits" (Ref. 2).

-Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces: The locals involved in the community garden can together decide how to manage the garden, from the kind of crops to be planted to ideas for other activities to be implemented (e.g. grow mushrooms, create a small apiary) (Ref. 2).

-Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups: "For people with limited resources, a community garden is a space to come out and experiment" (Ref. 2).

-Increased access to healthy/affordable food: The harvest is shared by the volunteers (Ref. 2).

-Improved mental health & Improved physical health: "When you come to the garden, it refreshes your mind and also leaves you with physical benefits" (Ref. 2).

-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: Besides the creation of opportunities for residents to communally work together in the garden during weekly gardening sessions. During the weekend, diverse activities are also organised for the community to accommodate people with different interests (Ref. 2). More recently (2022), new activities have been created, such as during International Nature Journaling Week, where people are invited to document aspects of nature they find, both as a community entertainment and educational activity (Ref. 6).

-Improvement in people’s connection to nature: This community garden is considered to help city folk foster a bond with nature (Ref. 3)

-Increased support for education and scientific research & Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "The volunteers took help from experienced terrace gardeners in the locality to understand ways to improve soil fertility" (Ref. 1). Also, the management of the community garden regularly hosts events among residents to promote gardening, including sapling exchanges, seed exchanges and other workshops (Ref. 1).

Other impacts:
- Volunteer opportunities: The initial work of clearing the previously unused plot was done through the help of local volunteers, as well as the subsequent upkeep of the community garden. Initially, the project counted with a team of 10-20 volunteers, with residents as young as 5, and adults as old as 80 (Ref. 1),
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Area of garden created (Ref. 1)
Number of volunteers involved in the garden activities (Ref. 1)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
The Community Garden is considered to not only help one forge a bond with nature but also with like-minded individuals during the pandemic (Ref. 3). Although some of the activities had to be stopped temporarily for some of the pandemic periods (Ref,.2,3).
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Muthukumar, Roshni. (2021). ‘I Started a Community Garden in Chennai to Grow Vegetables & Fruits Organically’. The Better India, available at https://www.thebetterindia.com/262750/chennai-organic-farming-community-garden-volunteers-residents/ (accessed 06-02-2023)
2. Natarajan, Aruna. (2021). Community garden of Kasturba Nagar: Residents come together to create a happy space for themselves. Citizen Matters, available at https://chennai.citizenmatters.in/chennai-kasturba-nagar-community-garden-green-space-34184 (accessed 06-02-2023)
3. Raman, Sruthi. (2022). This green initiative helps city folk foster a bond with nature. Times of India, available https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/this-green-initiative-helps-city-folk-foster-a-bond-with-nature/articleshow/90208369.cms (accessed 06-02-2023)
4. Frederick, Prince. (2021). Community garden group in Chennai organises seed and sapling exchange event. The Hindu, available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/community-garden-group-in-chennai-organises-seed-and-sapling-exchange-event/article36541398.ece (accessed 06-02-2023)
5. Kasturba Nagar Community Garden. (2020). Community Garden Chennai. Instagram Account, available at https://www.instagram.com/communitygardenchennai/?hl=en (accessed 06-02-2023)
6. Thomas, Liffy (2022) Garden group in Chennai invites people to document aspects of nature they find around them, available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/garden-group-in-chennai-invites-people-to-document-aspects-of-nature-they-find-around-them/article65466110.ece (accessed 28-03-2023)
7.
Comments and notes
Comments
Kindly find few details regarding budgeting/funding and impact of the project in given (ref. 1,2).
Additional insights
taken from targets: - plantation of saplings of fruits or vegetables, flowering plants and a variety of herbs by dividing garden into 3 sections (1,2).
(precise number of plantations unknown)

taken from indicators: - increase in the green space of the locality/city and community interaction (1,2).
(other precise indicators unknown)
Public Images
Image
Community Gardening - People of all ages and experiences from the city get together to nurture the gorgeous greenery every Saturday
Community Gardening - People of all ages and experiences from the city get together to nurture the gorgeous greenery every Saturday
Times of India, available at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/this-green-initiative-helps-city-folk-foster-a-bond-with-nature/articleshow/90208369.cms
Image
Samyuktha Kannan, a resident of Chennai, Tamil Nadu started a community garden in her locality
Samyuktha Kannan, a resident of Chennai, Tamil Nadu started a community garden in her locality after witnessing it's success abroad.
The Better India, available at https://www.thebetterindia.com/262750/chennai-organic-farming-community-garden-volunteers-residents/
Image
Preparing the soil for farming.
Volunteers preparing the soil for farming.
The Better India, available at https://www.thebetterindia.com/262750/chennai-organic-farming-community-garden-volunteers-residents/
Image
Volunteers in the garden - The produce is shared among the volunteers
Volunteers in the garden - The produce is shared among the volunteers
The Better India, available at https://www.thebetterindia.com/262750/chennai-organic-farming-community-garden-volunteers-residents/
Image
Maintenance of garden by the volunteers
Maintenance of garden by the volunteers
By Samyuktha Kannan, available at https://chennai.citizenmatters.in/chennai-kasturba-nagar-community-garden-green-space-34184