Cultural innovation

Due to the decreasing number of mangrove forests in the inner Gulf of Thailand, WWF Thailand aspires to protect the remaining mangroves. Supporting this objective, WWF worked with Royal Thai Army (RTA) and several other partners to establish the Bangpu Nature Education centre. The centre is located on the land of the army, which contains one of the last indigenous mangrove forests in the inner Gulf of Thailand area. The education centre offers knowledge about mangroves, mudflat ecology and biodiversity through educational programs tailored for different visitor groups. Apart from the main visitor center and auditorium, the educational centre also has an outdoor area that includes an existing mangrove forest, salt marshes and mudflats with natural trails, observation towers and canopy walkways. The natural area is home to various native plants and wildlife, especially local and migratory birds. The site harbours 65 floras and 60 benthic faunas, and between 8,000 and 15,000 birds are estimated to use the site annually. Part of the area is an abandoned shrimp farm, waiting for nature to restore
(Ref.1,2,8).

Odom Garden is a unique temporary pop-up public garden developed as a part of an ongoing real estate project (Ref 1). The garden was developed in 2020 to provide a green public space for people to connect with nature and with other citizens in a prime real-estate planned area for further construction in 2023 (Ref 1). Spread across 4000 sqm, the garden is developed by employing and upcycling the garden's native elements, such as large branches being converted into balancing paths and swing holders (Ref 3). The garden is a very popular green space in the city with Phnom Penh’s first dog park, a Japanese-inspired foot bath, and a central food and beverage area, as well as a children’s playground (Ref 2, 3). This green space has become a meeting place for families with opportunities for relaxation and recreation.

The park has been functioning since 2020 as a temporary site for the future Odom project. The area will be redeveloped to include a residential and commercial complex that includes a five-story layered park (Ref 1, 2). The project, when complete, is expected to increase the total green space area to 7000 sqm, i.e., 126% of the current Odom Garden. Of this, 80% of the green space will be accessible to the public. The Odom garden can thus be interpreted as a demonstration intervention, where the goal was to create s community-focused space and in which Phnom Penhers can experience the sense of community envisioned for the future completed project (Ref 1, 2). As of January of 2023, it has been announced that the Odom Garden is closing for the pre-construction of ODOM, with a "heartfelt: See You Soon" (Ref. 5).

The rehabilitation of the Klang River or Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) is a project that was put into effect in 2018 by the Selangor State Government. The project aimed to transform the Klang River, considered the most polluted river in Malaysia, into a beautiful and clean river which can be a new source of economic growth in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The river has been polluted with trash, plastic bottles, and sewage, which harmed the vegetation and the aquatic ecosystem (1). The project proved to be highly complex as it included rehabilitation of the river through several green solutions such as the creation of a community park, the conservation of various species of mangroves, and the implementation of riverfront greens as a measure of slope protection. The intervention is set to be developed on an area of 56 Km along the Klang River corridor. It is expected to promote and support the integrated management of river basins with particular emphasis on ensuring that biodiversity and wetland conservation and community considerations are incorporated into river basin management that includes the development of eco-city (3,5,6). Furthermore, the project intends to conduct an awareness campaign about river cleaning and rehabilitation activities to educate the public on the importance of rivers and the environment in our lives while consequently highlighting the critical state of pollution faced by the River (1).

Nazarbayev University (NU) launched the Green Campus (GC) project in 2016 to promote environmental sustainability (2). The GC concept is based on principles of the sustainable development and aims to focus on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction and waste management processes (1, 5). The university has established a Green Campus office, a Green Campus University Committee and the NU Green Society for the implementation of the project (2).

One of the main activities of the Green Campus is organizing tree-planting events on campus. To date, more than 1000 trees have been planted, with funds donated by university sponsors or raised via the collection and recycling of campus wastepaper [3, 4]. Additionally, the initiative also implemented a separate waste collection process for six types of waste: paper, plastic, glass, metal, batteries, and light bulbs. The collected waste is sent for recycling to selected companies [2].

Before Earth Day, NU also hosts an annual Green Week in April, to promote sustainability practices within its community. The Green Week program typically includes eco-talks by experts, workshops, garage sales, vegetarian food fairs, eco-trips, art exhibitions, and environmental movie screenings [2, 4, 5]. Climate Week, training courses, and Climate Launchpad are also part of the university's green initiatives to educate students on environmental practices [5].

A 7-hectare pilot public project, the Tebet Eco park is located in South Jakarta in a neighbourhood that is densely populated. Previous to the intervention the park was in an acute state of deterioration and prone to floods as well as ecological degradation, as the park is streamed by a river which made it only more susceptible to heavy rains. As such, the municipal authorities of Jakarta planned to revitalize the area by " increasing the hydraulic capacity of existing canal, improving site-wide pedestrian connectivity, and adding new recreation program". This meant that the park was transformed by planting and conserving new and older trees, as well as using vegetation and natural embankments. Furthermore, the implementer planted riparian vegetation to improve water quality by filtering and cleansing surrounding runoff, which also enhanced the site's biodiversity. Besides these elements, a thematic garden, a forest buffer, and a community garden were implemented complementing the entire eco-design that the park aimed for. The park's rehabilitation focused greatly on the human element as it was paramount to provide maximum benefits for park users, the surrounding natural habitats and species, as well as increasing the land value of the area. (2,3,7)

In 2018, the Bulat Utemuratov’s Foundation began reconstruction works at the main Botanical Garden in Almaty at the request of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction and with the support of the governor of Almaty city [1, 5, 6]. The goal of the project was the restoration of the botanic garden with preservation of its original green character and the modernization of its infrastructure [2, 5]. Taking into account the special status of the Botanical Garden and the high public interest in the reconstruction project, the Foundation ensured full transparency to the public. Taking public recommendations into considerations, the schematic design of the reconstruction was approved in the autumn of 2018 [6]. The project also aimed to do no harm to the existing flora and fauna of botanical gardens, and apply new technology to provide long service life to the garden [1, 4].

To achieve the project's goals, the water supply system was restored, drip and auto irrigation systems were created. Around 174.3 thousand plants were planted, including more than 1300 trees. Additionally, 50 thousand sq.m of roads and paths were repaired, lighting systems and video surveillance systems were installed, and the garden furniture was renovated [1]. The project also resulted in the development of three new entrance pavilions with an electronic ticketing system. A mobile application with a garden map and a description of the green areas has been developed [5]. Special attention was paid to the accessibility of all zones of the Botanical Garden for low-mobility groups. [1, 4, 5, 6].

Confirming the success of the project, within three months after the reconstruction was completed, over 210 thousand persons visited the Almaty Botanic Garden [6].

The Ecological Education Center (EEC) is a nationally recognized institution committed to promoting awareness and sustainability through its environmental education programs in Mongolia. As the only organization in the country dedicated to providing such programs, the EEC operates under the National University of Mongolia (NUM) and was founded in 1957 as the "Central Station of Young Naturalists". With over 60 years of experience in environmental education, the EEC offers its programs not only to NUM students but also to children of varying ages. Since 2011, the center has developed and introduced various cognitive-based environmental training programs, providing visitors with interactive learning opportunities that takes them through different learning stations. The EEC has several facilities to support the learning experience, including a nature experience garden, a greenhouse, and a small zoological museum. The nature experience garden is continuously enriched with new tree species each year, and as a result, it is now home to over 3500 trees and bushes of 30 different species. In addition to its educational programs, the EEC also provides advice on gardening and plant care to further promote environmental sustainability. (Ref. 1, 2, 3)

The new office building of the Council of Engineers is located on one of the busiest streets of Bangkok, Thailand. The building aims to combine new engineering technology with aesthetic and function, while maximizing green area and promoting sustainability. The building's terraced green area lead the people up to the entrance on second floor and continue up to the sky garden on the forth floor. The main features of the garden are lush fauna with tree and shrub species, planters, multi-purpose open spaces and bio-filtration system that use plants to filter and divert rainwater. The project aims to acquire the platinum TREES building rating (a green building certificate in Thailand) and it is in the process of applying for the certificate. (Ref. 1,2,3,5)

Vinh is the biggest city in north-central Vietnam and is the hub for economic and cultural development in the region. As of 2018, the city has a population of approx. 500,000 inhabitants and is located on the Ca River delta, 160 miles (260 km) south of Hanoi. Flooding and poor environmental sanitation are major impediments to the development of Vinh City. The drainage system of the city is comprised of four catchment basins connected to Rao Dung, Ke Gai, Vinh and Lam Rivers. Among the four, the Vinh River is flowing through the central wards and communes of Vinh City and is one that becomes sensitive to severe flooding events frequently (2,3).
Recently (in 2021), with support from the World Bank, the government initiated a program, the Vinh City Priority Infrastructure and Urban Resilience Development Project (VPIUR), which is expected to bring a new look to the river, reduce the risk of flooding in urban areas and strengthen urban management capacity to adapt to climate change. This project has several sub components and one of them is a river rehabilitation and upgrade under the form of riverbank green, sanitation, and flood risk management (1, 3).
The implementation includes a comprehensive set of structural and non-structural interventions, including flood control systems and nature-based solutions, wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure, and key transport links. The project aims to transform it into green public spaces which are to be constructed under the project. The project also aims to invest in developing green public spaces along the Vinh riverbank and a new regulation lake. (3)

The Community Garden Project was proposed in 2018 by Samyuktha Kannan (a resident of Chennai City) to the Resident Welfare Association (RWA), which is a non-governmental organization (NGO) of Kasturba Nagar (1,2,3). The RWA uses the community hall of a public park of Kasturba Nagar to host meetings and community events, but the area was surrounded by open dry land and an unmanaged field (1,2). This open area surrounding the community hall was then assigned to develop a community garden of 1500 square feet (1,2,3). This project aimed to serve as a shared garden place to bring along residents of all age groups to enjoy gardening and simultaneously create opportunities to learn and share knowledge through social engagement and reconnect with nature (1,2). Although implemented and completed in 2019, the project still continues to contribute towards sustainability through further development and introduction of eco-friendly elements and activities, as well as the involvement of various stakeholders for support (3,4).