1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Clermont-Ferrand
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Patrimoine Arboré
Short description of the intervention
Tree heritage is an essential component of the urban environment in Clermont Ferrand. The city has a special plan for conserving the trees, proposing a tree charter (Ref 6) and made a major effort to extend its tree heritage. Different actions are undertaken by the city's council for conserving and planting trees around the city. For instance, the tramway has integrated the plantation of 1,400 trees and 140,000 shrubs (Ref. 1). In 2019 the city solicited a preliminary study on metropolitan trees for the development of a metropolitan tree charter (Ref 7).
Address

Around the city
63000 Clermont Ferrand
France

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
The strategy covers the entire city (Ref 1)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2001
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
"In addition, a phytosanitary diagnosis since 2001 has revealed the fragility of subjects who have resisted urban pollution, mushrooms, car shocks and which can be dangerous due to the risk of falling branches or even the trunk itself, even."
"Thus, over 1,700 trees were replanted during the 2003 - 2004, 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006 winters." (Ref. 1)
Goals of the intervention
-Extension of the city's tree heritage
-Replace dead trees or trees in poor condition (Ref. 1)
-"Fight against impermeability of the soil and reclaim the concrete made areas" "Developing and preserving the plant potential of neighborhoods""Restoring ecological corridors" (Ref. 2, page 26 and 27)
-Goals of the proposed tree charter: "The charter consists of a repository of good practices on tree heritage (management, protection, plantations) and an awareness-raising action plan on the place of the tree in town. It applies to asset management
planted with Clermont Auvergne Métropole, initially, but could be extended to all other actors (municipalities, private, etc.). The signatories of this charter will undertake to respect the prescriptions that will be made there" (Ref. 6)
-Goals of study to develop tree charter: "Census of metropolitan trees -definition of a work methodology necessary for the development of the metropolitan tree charter - drafting of specifications based on this methodology, for consultation of service providers Quantities ( supplies and services), nature and extent (works): preliminary study for the development of a metropolitan tree charter" (Ref. 7).
Quantitative targets
"12,000 trees along streets and roads, 30,000 trees in the gardens and square"
"1,700 trees were replanted during the 2003 - 2004, 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006 winters"
"The tramway has integrated the plantation of 1,400 trees and 140,000 shrubs" (Ref. 1)
Monitoring indicators defined
trees along streets and roads planted, trees in the gardens and square planted; trees were replanted during the 2003 - 2004, 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006 winters; total plantation of trees and shrubs planted in tramway (Ref 1)
-Number of signatories to charter (Ref. 6)
-Life span of trees (Ref. 6)
-Average age of wooded parks (Ref. 6)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
"In addition, a phytosanitary diagnosis since 2001 has revealed the fragility of subjects who have resisted urban pollution, mushrooms, car shocks and which can be dangerous due to the risk of falling branches or even the trunk itself, even.
Thus, over 1,700 trees were replanted during the 2003 - 2004, 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006 winters.
Renewal will continue on the basis of new phytosanitary diagnoses."
"The tram line has integrated the plantation of 1,400 trees and 140,000 shrubs." (Ref. 1)
"The town hall of Clermont-Ferrand has replaced a part of the 81 Tulipiers which decorate the most central place of the city." (Ref. 3)
-"The tree heritage: an essential component of the urban environment. The City of Clermont-Ferrand has 12,000 alignment trees, 30,000 trees in gardens and squares. A tree is not eternal, it ages, it dies. Each year, the Plant Techniques Department ( DEP ) replaces more than 200 trees that are dead or in poor condition. In addition, a phytosanitary diagnosis carried out since 2001 has revealed the fragility of subjects who have poorly resisted urban pollution, fungi, car shocks, and who can present a danger by the risk of falling branches, or even the trunk itself" (Ref. 1).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Railroad bank and track greens
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
1,400 trees and 140,000 shrubs (Ref. 1); 12,000 alignment trees, 30,000 trees in gardens and squares. A tree is not eternal, it ages, it dies. Each year, the Plant Techniques Department ( DEP ) replaces more than 200 trees dead or unwell (Ref 1)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Other
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Please specify "other regulating service"
-Trees help to filtrate water through the soil and fight again soil impermeability (Ref. 4, page 26)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The city of Clermont Ferrand is the main initiator and manages the tree heritage of the city (Ref 2, 3).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
"The 2000 SOP (Soil Occupancy Plan) had already set itself the objective of "increasing the presence of the plant in the city" with the implementation of a green plan to plant trees along certain roads.". "It should be emphasized that many tree alignments have actually been planted by the city since 2000, in a logic of requalification of public spaces" (Ref. 5)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Urban Planning and Sustainable Development Plan of Clermont Ferrand (2016): "Orientation 3: Relative to nature in the city and ecological continuity" (Ref. 2, page 26 and 27, and Ref. 5) This plan created by the city mentions the importance of the trees and green spaces in the city and is linked to the decision of this intervention.
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Please specify other environmental impact
In 2019 the city solicited a preliminary study on metropolitan trees for the development of a metropolitan tree charter. (Ref 7)
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
Plantation of new trees along the tramway, and replacing old tree or in bad condition (Ref. 1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The nearby town of Chamalières already has a tree charter http://www.ville-chamalieres.fr/Charte-de-l-arbre.html (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Environmental quality
-Soil protection and amelioration: -Trees help to filtrate water through the soil and fight again soil impermeability (Ref. 4, page 26)

Green space and habitat
-Increased green space area: quantitative increase, 1,400 trees and 140,000 shrubs planted along tramway (Ref. 1).
-Increased ecological connectivity across regeneration sites and scales
-More than 1,700 trees replanted during the 2003 - 2004, 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006 winters. (Ref. 1)
-Each year, the Department of Plant Techniques (DEP) of the city replaces more than 200 trees that are dead or in poor condition that could present risks of falling (Ref. 1)
"Developing and preserving the plant potential of neighborhoods""Restoring ecological corridors" (Ref. 2, page 26 and 27)
Description of economic benefits
Increase of jobs: one contract awarded for preliminary study for development of tree charter (Ref. 6 and 7).
Description of social and cultural benefits
Cultural heritage and sense of place
-Protection of natural heritage: qualitative, trees are managed and safeguarded to extend their lifespans and ensure continued presence of trees (Ref. 1). -Extension of the city's tree heritage (Ref 1)

"Developing and preserving the plant potential of neighborhoods""Restoring ecological corridors" (Ref. 2, page 26 and 27)

aesthetic appreciation: "The town hall of Clermont-Ferrand has replaced a part of the 81 Tulipiers which decorate the most central place of the city." (Ref. 3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
-Soil impermeability (Ref. 4, page 26)
-Number of trees planted and replaced. (Ref. 1)

Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
The results of the study to develop a tree charter (with recommendations for sound management based on a detailed assessment) do not yet appear to be available (July 20, 2020).
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
No specific information available as of July 20, 2020. There may have been less appreciation of trees due to stay at home orders active in all of France from March 16, 2020 to May 11, 2020 (https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/coronavirus-covid-19).
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
While citizen input does not appear to have been directly solicited by the municipality, there were calls for the development of a tree charter by citizens in 2017 who pointed to deficiencies in tree management strategies (Ref. 7).
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Clermont-Ferrand (n.d). "Patrimoine arboré". Available at https://clermont-ferrand.fr/patrimoine-arbore (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
2. Ville de Clermont Ferrand (2016). “Plan d’Aménagement and de Développement Durables”. Available at: https://en.calameo.com/read/0000002095f4a1a23e540 (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
3. Genet, Cyrille (2015). "Changement d'arbres sur la place de Jaude à Clermont-Ferrand". France 3 Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Available at: http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/puy-de-dome/clermont-ferrand/changement-arbres-place-jaude-clermont-ferrand-661279.html (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
4. Clermont Auvergne Métropole (n.d). "Biodiversité". Available at: https://www.clermontmetropole.eu/fr/preserver-recycler/transition-energetique-et-ecologique/biodiversite/ (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
5. Puy de Dome (n.d). "Renforcer la présence du végétal en ville ". Contribution à l'élaboration du Plan Local d'urbanisme. Available at: http://www.puy-de-dome.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Contribution_a_l_elaboration_du_Plan_Local_d_urbanisme.pdf (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
6. Ville de Clermont-Ferrand (2018). "Extrait du registre des deliberations du conseil municipal". Available at: https://clermont-ferrand.fr/docs/delib/CM30032018/30%2003%202018_ODJ01.pdf (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
7. Clermont Auvergne Métropole (2018). "Etude préalable pour l'élaboration d'une charte métropolitaine de l'arbre". Available at: https://centraledesmarches.com/marches-publics/CLERMONT-FERRAND-Clermont-Auvergne-Metropole-Etude-prealable-pour-l-elaboration-d-une-charte-metropolitaine-de-l-arbre/4330013 (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
8. Europe ecologie les verts (2017). "L’arbre en ville : ne pas scier la branche". Available at: https://elus-clermontferrand.eelv.fr/larbre-en-ville-ne-pas-scier-la-branche/ (Accessed: July 20, 2020).

Attachments
Attachment Size
Public tender for study on elaboration of a tree charter (76.65 KB) 76.65 KB
Comments and notes
Additional insights
The nearby town of Chamalières already has a tree charter http://www.ville-chamalieres.fr/Charte-de-l-arbre.html (Accessed: July 20, 2020).
Public Images
Image
tramway Jaude square Clermont-Ferrand Puy-de-Dome Auvergne France
tramway Jaude square Clermont-Ferrand Puy-de-Dome Auvergne France
https://www.alamy.com/tramway-jaude-square-clermont-ferrand-puy-de-dome-auvergne-france-image68585626.html