1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Doncaster
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Green Space Audit of Doncaster
Short description of the intervention
This audit, consisting of two parts, maps all green spaces in the Doncaster borough and presents an analysis of the quality and quantity of these areas as subdivided into 88 communities in Doncaster. It aims to better understand the multi-functionality of these spaces as well as what are the leverage points to improve their quality.
The first part of the audit contributes toward the evidence base required for the Local Development Framework (LDF) Sites and Policies Development Plan Document. It will also be a useful reference document complementing Core Strategy policy (CS17) providing green infrastructure. Part two of the green space audit investigated the quality and value of the sites. It allows the council to identify priority green spaces, ascertain their formal and informal intended use and allow the council to make strategic decisions on priorities and long term management. It also looks at community profile areas where provision exceeds the defined standards and investigates if green spaces in these areas are surplus to requirement. (Ref 1 & 5).
Address

Doncaster
United Kingdom

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2007
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2013
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- Provide an evidence base on the quantity of green space provision in each of the areas.
- Investigate and provide evidence base for the quality and value of these areas to identify priority green spaces.
- Form the basis to identify possible correlations between health issues and access to green spaces
- Identify deficient areas based on agreed quantity standards
- Establish and agree on quantity standards and accessibility isochrones (buffers) for each relevant green space category
- Identify and update all green space, sport and recreational facilities
- Create a new open space policy layer for the Local Development Framework Proposals Map in GIS.
- Create a GIS map layer showing the accessibility buffers (all Ref 1).


Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
Quantity of green space (ha) per 1000 citizens within the respective community cluster.
Average distance to travel to open area within the respective community cluster (km).
Quality indicators are lacking. (Reference: Green Space Audit part 1)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
- Part 1 provides a comprehensive overview of the current quantity of provision of green spaces. This part is completed.
- Part 2 investigates the quality and the value of the green spaces.
- Provide a GIS map database of all green spaces in the borough, including an up-to-date a breakdown of site information by name, area (Ha), play facilities (MUGA, skate park, play area) if present, and additional site notes if required. They are organised based on a typology (e.g. green corridor, fish pond, woodland). (Reference: Green Space Audit part 1)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Lakes/ponds
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Community gardens
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Railroad bank and track greens
Riverbank/Lakeside greens
Green parking lots
Green playgrounds and school grounds
Institutional green space
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Green walls or facades
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Botanical gardens
Green corridors and green belts
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Primary Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Doncaster Council
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The audit is claimed to contribute toward the evidence base required for the Local Development Framework, the spatial planning strategy that is nationally implemented in England and Wales.
(see Audit part 1)
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) requires all local authorities to have an up to date information based on which policy decisions are to be made. This audit can provide such a base (see Audit 1).
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The audit is said to be a key contribution to the Core Strategy Policy (CS17) regarding green infrastructure "Providing Green Infrastructure".This statement specifically refers to the "Doncaster Council Core Strategy 2011-2018" documents (Ref 2)

Part 2 of the Green Space Audit is part of the action plan outlined in the Doncaster Green Infrastructure Strategy (Ref 3).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Audit 1 (Ref 1) refers to the "Doncaster Council Core Strategy 2011-2018" (Ref2)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The intervention itself is mostly a research project (Ref 1).
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
The audit is most closely related to policy innovation, for it is meant to be an information base to inform policies regarding green spaces. The findings of Audit part 1 are incorporated in the "Doncaster Green Infrastructure Strategy" (Ref 3) and the Core Strategy (Ref 2). They resulted in specific recommendations to improve the appearance of the different types of open spaces (e.g. woodland, green wedges), to widen the range of functions of these spaces, and to improve the equitability of distribution of green spaces across the borough (Ref 1).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
In 2001 the council carried out its first comprehensive green space audit, which was then updated in 2007. The audit discussed here had addressed the anomalies identified in the 2007 audit. It differs fundamentally from the previous audits: Instead of providing information on open area per ward (is the unit of English electoral geography), the current audit provides information on open area per community (88 in total) as they were identified by the "Doncaster Together" local strategic partnership. Thus another way of community clustering was used (Ref 1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The intervention identified and updated all green spaces within the city. This helped in identifying deficient areas based on agreed quantity standards for green within the city. It is expected that the findings of the audit will help the council to take decisions and to a) promote naturalistic styles of landscape development in Doncaster, b) increase in protected green space areas, c) reduce the biodiversity loss and increase the genetic diversity, d) create ecological corridors and e) convert some vacant spaces into green areas. (Ref 1 & 5)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
a) The audit itself is a study to identify and monitor the green space in the city. b) The results are publicly available. This encourages the residents to learn more about their nature and gain knowledge about the benefits. (Ref 5)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Quantity of green space (ha) per 1000 citizens within the respective community cluster.

Average distance to travel to open area within the respective community cluster (km).

Quality indicators are lacking.

(all Ref 1)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of October, 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
Yes
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Doncaster Council Core Strategy 2011-2018 (3.46 MB) 3.46 MB
Green Space Audit part 1 (557.67 KB) 557.67 KB
List of references
Ref 1: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council. (2013). Doncaster Local Development Framework: Green Space Audit (Part One A) Assessment of provision by community profile area: Evidence base.
Ref 2: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council. (2012). Doncaster Council Core Strategy 2011-2018.
Ref 3: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council. (2014). The Doncaster Green Infrastructure Strategy 2014-2018: Creating a Greener, healthier and more attractive borough.
Ref 4: Doncaster Council (2020) Green Space Documents. Retrieved from https://www.doncaster.gov.uk/services/planning/green-space-documents on 19th October, 2020.
Ref 5: Doncaster Council (2020) Green Infrastructure Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.doncaster.gov.uk/services/planning/green-infrastructure-strategy on 19th October, 2020.

Comments and notes
Additional insights
Because this intervention is a research project about NBSs, some answers are in need of further clarification:
-Section no3./Ecological domains & Services: The ecological domains and services are those explicitly identified in the Green Space Audit for the open spaces that they specifically consider. Thus they are not a direct consequence of the Audit report, but these are potential benefits gained if the findings from the report are indeed addressed in policies that the Audit is aimed to inform.
-Section no3./Beneficiaries: Here I selected "local government" because the Audit aids policy making. I also selected "citizens" because the Audit specifically refers to the ecosystem services that open spaces have to offer to citizens when provided in sufficient quantity and quality.
-Section no6/Impacts, benefits: These are the benefits that the Audit claims the open spaces can offer if they are provided in the right quantity and quality.

4/enablers: "Doncaster Green Infrastructure Strategy" and the "Doncaster Urban Centre Masterplan" contain key visions, but are not referred to in the documentation of this specific NBS.

6/impact assessment mechanism: GIS is used to generate data about the green spaces in Doncaster, based on which conclusions are drawn and recommendations made. Thus in a way it is an assessment mechanism, but it is not an assessment mechanism of the intervention itself. Rather, GIS is a tool that is used in the intervention.
Public Images
Image
Melton Wood
Melton Wood
Helen McCluskie, retrieved 08/24/2018
Image
Blue Bell Woods
Blue Bell Woods
Helen McCluskie, retrieved 08/24/2018
Image
Thorne Moors
Thorne Moors
Helen McCluskie, retrieved 08/24/2018