1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Dongnai
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
Trường mầm non Farming Kindergarten
Short description of the intervention
Food safety has come a long way and today it is one of the biggest challenges globally, especially in the developing world. According to the World Bank, Viet Nam is one of the countries prone to food-borne illnesses and food safety is a major concern for the public there (1). Increased droughts, floods and salinization have further enhanced and endangered food supplies. Access to healthy food is not optimal. To solve this issue, some Vietnamese private companies came up with a solution. In 2013, a shoe factory in the city of Dongnai (located around 30 km away from Ho Chi Minh City) established a welfare facility for the factory's employees, called Farming Kindergarten. The building was designed with the idea of serving 700 children of the workers by providing healthy food, as well as environmental education. The design includes a green roof where vegetables are cultivated alongside playgrounds for the children. The roof is designed in such a way that it is the perfect environment where children learn about the importance of agriculture and strengthen their connection with nature (2, 4, 6). The harvests from the garden are distributed to the children's families, contributing to a rather small family budget of Vietnamese workers (the average income of Vietnamese workers is just 180 USD per month) (7).
Address

WRP6+M59, Nguyễn Thị Tồn, Hoà An
Bien Hoa
76100
Vietnam

Total area
3800.00m²
NBS area
3800.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2011
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
unknown
End date of the intervention
2013
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The main goals of the intervention are as follows:
1. To provide an educational experience to preschoolers in terms of sustainable agriculture and green lifestyles by designing an experimental vegetable garden (to teach children the importance of agriculture and their relationship with nature) as well as planting trees. (3)
2. To reaffirm the importance of sustainable use associated with green buildings, vertical gardens and natural ventilation through automatic gas analysis on computers. (3)
3. To employ energy-saving methods that are comprehensively applied but not limited to: green roofs as insulation, green facade as shading and solar water heating in order to raise educational awareness about sustainability. (5)
4. To respond to food security needs caused by increased droughts, floods and salinization. (5)
Quantitative targets
- To serve 700 children aged from 2-5 years old. (4)
- To develop an area of 3800 sqm of which 200m2 is to be transformed into a garden. (2)
- To build a triple-ring green roof that encloses three secure playgrounds with 70% of its area covered by green trees. (4)
- To grow 5 types of vegetables in an experimental garden. (5)
Monitoring indicators defined
- The number of children benefiting from the action
- The size of the area developed for the intervention
- The percentage of new green area
- The types of vegetables included (2,4,5)
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The project was designed in 2011 by Vo Trong Nghia, Takashi Niwa, Masaaki Iwamoto. The implementation team, Pou Chen Corporation (owner of the factory) built a 200m2 vegetable garden on the roof of the kindergarten that included 5 types of vegetables to create educational opportunities for the children frequenting the institution. Throughout the initiative, local materials (e.g. brick, tile) and low-tech construction methods were adopted in order to reduce environmental impact as well as promote local industry. A more appropriate description is provided in one of the sources (2): "The building is designed as a continuous narrow strip with windows that can be opened on either side to maximize natural ventilation and lighting. In addition, architectural and mechanical energy-saving methods are comprehensively applied including but not limited to: green roofs as insulation, a green facade for shade and solar hot water." Factory wastewater is recycled to irrigate trees and flush toilets (2,5). The building is covered by vertical louvres made of pre-cast concrete, which is utilized as "vertical garden" for creepers such as bitter gourd and cucumber. Management of the garden is split between the teachers and the parents of the children, with harvested rainwater being used to irrigate the garden. Rainfall is collected by the wide gutter, which is covered by pre-cast concrete panels and utilized as an access pathway to the vegetable gardens on the roof (6).
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Green walls or facades
Type of Green Wall
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
1 (2)
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Cultural services
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project is built by the Pou Chen Corporation - the owner of the shoe factory next to the Farming Kindergarten which was also the main implementor as well as the funder of the project. (6)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknwon
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The costs of the project have not been disclosed however it was mentioned that "the construction only costs 500 USD per one square meter including finishes and equipment, which is competitively cheap even within the Vietnamese market". (5)
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Please specify other Business model
Food Security for Locals
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
Innovation was identified in several types of action. One of them is seeing the intervention as a new product for Viet Nam, as the design and the idea of incorporating a vegetable garden in a kindergarten is new to the country (6). Another innovation could be infrastructural as the vegetable garden uses harvested wastewater from the factory and the kindergarten uses the same wastewater to flush toilets. (5)
Please specify social innovation
There is a mentioned common governance element in managing the vegetable garden and the greenery of the institution: teachers, as well as parents of the children, split this responsibility. (6)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
There is no indication that the initiative has been copied from previous interventions. Also, the sources mention the idea of a "farming kindergarten" is a novelty for Viet Nam. (6)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Sources do not mention that such a project will be replicable in other environments though they do mention that the idea of a "farming kindergarten" is a novelty for Viet Nam. (6)
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
Reduced financial costs for the implementor (the private company)
Description of environmental benefits
As the intervention was implemented by a private company, final reports were not disclosed. Nevertheless, the designing architect issued a paper in 2016 where environmental benefits were recorded and named.
- Reduced emissions: Sources suggest that since the intervention was built through a combination of local materials and locally available low-tech solutions it contributed to minimising the carbon footprint and the environmental impact of the construction process. No other information was provided, however.
- Lowered temperatures and increased protection against flooding: Concomitantly, the same paper suggests that the water retention capacity of the soil and plants saves from the heat island effect and urban flooding. No other information was provided, however. (7)
- Improved stormwater management: In addition, the architect's report (Source no. 7) suggests that "the building saved 80% of the water consumption by recycled water sourced from rainwater and the recycled water that equivalents to 5,400 USD cost saving per year." (7)

Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
According to records 10 months after completion, the building saves 25% energy and 40% fresh water compared to the building's original performance, reducing operating costs significantly (2). In addition, the architect's report (Source no. 7) suggests that "the building saved 80% of the water consumption by recycled water sourced from rainwater and the recycled water that equivalents to 5,400 USD cost saving per year. Moreover, the running cost of the building can be very cheap due to its low electric consumption." (7)
Description of social and cultural benefits
- Increased opportunities for marginalized groups: 80% of the workers are female. (7)
- Involvement of locals in the management of green spaces and Increased support for education and scientific research: Kindergarten educators are composed of teachers, parents and volunteers from the neighbourhood. Besides lightening the workload of the management team of the kindergarten, their knowledge and experience about agriculture are conveyed to the next generation. (7)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Temperature reduction
- Reduction in water consumption
- Reduction in energy consumption
- Number of beneficiaries (2, 7)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown. There was no information provided that could establish a connection to the pandemic.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. World Bank (no date), Food safety risk management in Vietnam: Challenges and opportunities, available at https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/publication/food-safety-risk-management-in-vietnam-challenges-and-opportunities (accessed 07.2.2023)
2. RGB.vn. 2021. Farming Kindergarten – ngôi trường mẫu giáo xanh ở Biên Hòa với sân chơi rộng lớn trải dài liên tục trên mái [Farming Kindergarten – a green kindergarten in Bien Hoa with a large playground stretching continuously on the roof], available at https://rgb.vn/farming-kindergarten-ngoi-truong-mau-giao-xanh-o-bien-hoa-voi-san-choi-rong-lon-trai-dai-lien-tuc-tren-mai/ (Accessed on January 26, 2023).
3. Hai, L. 2021. Khám phá nhà trẻ Farming kindergarten – Công trình xanh. [Explore Farming kindergarten – Green building], available at https://gachtrangtri.net/kham-pha-nha-tre-farming-kindergarten-cong-trinh-xanh/ (Accessed on January 26, 2023).
4. Nguyen, O. (2016). Farming Kindergarten Listed in the World’s 30 Best New Buildings, available at https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/english/tin-tuc/farming-kindergarten-listed-in-the-worlds-30-best-new-buildings-120839.html (Accessed on January 26, 2023).
5. VTN Architects. (n.d.). Farming Kindergarten, available at https://vtnarchitects.net/farming-kindergarten-pe178.html (Accessed on January 26, 2023).
6. World Architecture Community (2020). Farming Kindergarten, available at https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/hfnfc/farming-kidergarten-project-pages.html (Accessed on January 26, 2023).
7. Vo, N. 2015. A Model of Sustainable Educational Space: Farming Kindergarten in Bien Hoa, Vietnam, available at https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=17399 (accessed 8-2-2023)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Farming Kindergarten
Farming Kindergarten
https://gachtrangtri.net/kham-pha-nha-tre-farming-kindergarten-cong-trinh-xanh/
Image
Green Roof- Farming Kindergarten
Green Roof- Farming Kindergarten
https://rgb.vn/farming-kindergarten-ngoi-truong-mau-giao-xanh-o-bien-hoa-voi-san-choi-rong-lon-trai-dai-lien-tuc-tren-mai/#pgcSgb-bl6-5_85200
Image
Experimental vegetable garden - Farming Kindergarten
Experimental vegetable garden - Farming Kindergarten
https://rgb.vn/farming-kindergarten-ngoi-truong-mau-giao-xanh-o-bien-hoa-voi-san-choi-rong-lon-trai-dai-lien-tuc-tren-mai/#pgcSgb-bl6-5_85200
Image
Plan Farming Kindergarten
Plan Farming Kindergarten
https://rgb.vn/farming-kindergarten-ngoi-truong-mau-giao-xanh-o-bien-hoa-voi-san-choi-rong-lon-trai-dai-lien-tuc-tren-mai/
Image
Farming kindergarten children
Farming kindergarten children
https://vtnarchitects.net/farming-kindergarten-pe178.html
Image
Farming Kindergarten vegetables
Farming Kindergarten vegetables
https://vtnarchitects.net/farming-kindergarten-pe178.html
Image
Farming Kindergarten trees
Farming Kindergarten trees
https://vtnarchitects.net/farming-kindergarten-pe178.html