1. General information Location and description of the intervention City or FUA Göteborg (FUA) Region Europe Native title of the NBS intervention Kikåstippen: Från avfall till biologisk mångfald Short description of the intervention The Kikås dump is a landfill in Mölndal, south of Gothenburg, where an area has been permanently covered with a sealing layer and inert material. This project aimed to utilise the area to increase biodiversity by establishing flowering meadows and an insect hotel, creating a habitat for wild bees, butterflies and birds [Ref. 1-3]. The City of Mölndal initated the project and sowed meadow flowers, established sand beds for burrowing insects, an uneven, rocky terrain and a large insect hotel [Ref. 1, 3]. The area is also meant to be a destination for recreation and learning about biodiversity. The Insect Hotel is marketed as the largest in Sweden, and it includes information signs and an outdoor classroom. The project is meant to raise awareness about biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination [Ref. 1, 4-6]. The area borders natural areas such as forests and wetlands and is meant to have positive ecological effects in the border zones. The project will contribute to the environmental goals of the city, in particular, "a rich plant and animal life" [Ref. 3] Website of the intervention https://www.naturvardsverket.se/amnesomraden/pollinering/goda-exempel/nedlagd-d… Principal problems Environmental Degradation Biodiversity loss Health, Well-being and Social cohesion Disconnection from nature Implementation area characterization Climate Temperate ( Humid subtropical, Hot-summer Mediterranean, Warm-summer Mediterranean, Warm-temperate with dry winter) Ecosystem Temperate grasslands Other Please specify other ecosystem The area is a covered waste dump, where grasslands are established. Address 43164 Mölndal Sweden Location The NBS is situated in an area, with clear delineation of boundaries and a specific shape (polygon). The NBS project can also have more than one area location (more than one polygon, situated close by). Area boundary (map-based) Total area 75000.00m² Area description Periurban (both urban and rural environments are present) Type of area before implementation of the NBS Waste disposal site or landfill Timeline of intervention Start date of the intervention (planning process) 2014 Start date of intervention (implementation process) 2017 End date of the intervention 2019 Present stage of the intervention Completed 2. Objectives of the intervention Objectives of the intervention Goals of the intervention - Increase biodiversity in the area through the transformation of a previously derelict area (waste dump) and transformation into flowering meadows [Ref. 1-3] - Specifically benefit pollinators such as wild bees, bumblebees and butterflies [Ref. 3] - Create a centre for information and knowledge about biodiversity and ecosystem services [Ref. 1-3, 5, 6] - Increase access to natural green space for nearby urban areas [Ref. 3]. Key Priorities Biodiversity (conservation and/or restoration) Sustainability challenge(s) addressed Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15) Green space creation and/or management Habitat and biodiversity restoration Regeneration, land-use and urban development Promote natural styles of landscape design for urban development Rewilding Health and well-being (SDG 3) Creation of opportunities for recreation Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10) Environmental education What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention? Species-focused Ecosystem-focused What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets? Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems Restore species (native, endangered, or unspecified) Restore native species Clear and control invasive alien species Restore ecological connectivity Public engagement Implementation activities and NBS focus Implementation activities 1. The landfill was covered with a sealing layer and inert material between 2008 and 2018 [Ref. 1, 2]. 2. An inventory of plants and insects was carried out in 2015 by an environmental consultant, resulting in an action plan [Ref. 2]. 3. A mix of meadow flowers was sown on 7,5 ha between 2017 and 2019 [Ref. 1, 3]. 4. In 2017, 400 tons of sand were put in different locations to provide habitat for wild bees [Ref. 1, 3]. 5. The Insect Hotel and its amenities was built and finished in 2019 [Ref. 3, 5, 6] Type of NBS project Creation of new green areas Creation of large parks and urban and peri-urban forests Transformation of previously derelict areas Landfill reclamation Transformation of vacant land into green spaces 3. NBS domains, ES and scale NBS domain and interventions Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented Parks and urban forests Other Intentionally unmanaged areas Abandoned spaces with growth of wilderness or greens Please specify "other parks or (semi)natural urban green area" Flowering meadows Amenities offered by the NBS Benches and drinking water stations Educational and research amenities (nature protection centre, monitoring stations) Viewing and outlook points Design elements for well-being Visual elements (e.g., expansive views, scenic views, natural light, diverse vegetation) Services Expected ecosystem services delivered Regulating services Pollination Habitat and supporting services Habitats for species Cultural services Aesthetic appreciation Recreation Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational) Scale Spatial scale Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level Beneficiaries Demographics in implementation area The immediate surroundings are sparsely populated, with a lot of natural areas. To the west, there are residential areas. The surrounding neighbourhoods have either good or very good socio-economic status, according to the socio-economic index by the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning [Ref. 7] Socio-economic profile of the area High-income Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts No Primary Beneficiaries Local government/Municipality Citizens or community groups Young people and children Specify primary beneficiaries Local government/Municipality: The city of Mölndal has environmental goals regarding biodiversity, which the project contributes to reaching. The city also acquired funding to limit its own costs [Ref. 2, 3]. Citizens or community groups: Local citizens gain access to a new green area for recreation and educational elements to learn about biodiversity and ecosystem services. The insect hotel, in particular, is made accessible for visitation and marketed through the municipality website and the media [Ref. 1, 4-6]. Young people and children: The insect hotel includes an outdoor classroom with a whiteboard and child-sized seating meant to attract school classes [Ref. 1, 4-6]. Marginalized groups Children, young people or youth groups Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups Children, young people or youth groups: The insect hotel has an outdoor classroom for visiting school classes with a whiteboard and seating adapted for children [Ref. 4-6]. Other beneficiaries Local wildlife (e.g., birds, pollinators) Native plant vegetation Natural habitats (e.g. wetland, forests, coastal areas) 4. Governance and financing Governance Governance arrangements Government-led Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative The waste dump is owned by the City of Mölndal, which is also the initiator, owner and co-founder of the biodiversity project. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is funding part of the project via the local nature conservation investment and put demands on the evaluation of the project [Ref. 1-4]. A consultancy company, Onsala Biokonsult, carried out the inventory at the start of the project and suggested an action plan. An architecture firm and a construction company were hired to design and build the insect hotel [Ref. 3, 5]. Key actors - initiating organization Local government/municipality Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors) National government Private sector/corporate actor/company Participatory methods/forms of stakeholder involvement (all stakeholders) Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping) Joint implementation (e.g. tree planting) Uncommon actors ("Missing actors") Unknown Land owners Public space owned by the city Policy drivers NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy Unknown NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan Unknown NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan Yes Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan" The environmental goals regarding biodiversity adopted by the City of Mölndal [Ref. 3]. Relevant strategy or plan Municipal / city level environmental plan or programme Mandatory or voluntary intervention Voluntary (spontaneous) Enablers & Barriers Type of enablers Collaboration with other projects that implemented NBS Funds, subsidies or investment for GI/NBS in the city (available for the city or provided by the city) Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives. Collaboration with other projects that implemented NBS: This project was inspired by a similar project in the city of Örebro [Ref. 3]. Funds, subsidies or investment for GI/NBS in the city (available for the city or provided by the city): The city of Mölndal received funding from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency via their local nature conservation investment [Ref. 1, 2, 5]. Governace and decison-making instruments Strategic instruments (e.g. GI strategies, green space strategy or plans) Arrangements for governance cooperation Unknown Barriers The invasive species Japanese knotweed is found in the area and measures are taken to fight it [Ref. 1]. Part of the waste dump is still in active use, and those activities could negatively impact the plants and animals of the project site [Ref. 2]. Financing Total cost €100,000 - €500,000 Please specify total cost (EUR) The total cost of the project, including the insect hotel, was about 197 000 EUR (2019 currency rate). The cost of the project excluding the insect hotel was about 45 000 EUR. What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements? Unknown Source(s) of funding Public local authority budget Public national budget Type of fund(s) used Earmarked public budget Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities) Non-financial contribution Unknown Co-finance for NBS Yes Co-governance arrangement Unknown Entrepreneurship opportunities No Business models Business models Vacant space model Green education model Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model? Public actor (e.g. municipality) 5. Evaluation and learning Impacts, benefits Environmental impacts Green space and habitat Increased green space area Achieved increased green space area Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems Achieved increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems Increased ecological connectivity across regeneration sites and scales Expected increased ecological connectivity across regeneration sites and scales Increased conversion of degraded land or soil Achieved increased conversion of degraded land or soil Increased number of species present Achieved increased number of species present Increased presence and recovery of wild species Achieved increased presence and recovery of wild species Enhanced support of pollination Achieved enhanced support of pollination Description of environmental benefits 1. Achieved increased green space area: 7,5 ha of flowering meadows now exist on a former waste dump [Ref. 1, 3]. 2. Achieved increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems: A meadow and physical structures providing habitat for pollinating insects and other animals have been restored [Ref. 1-3, 5]. 3. Expected increased ecological connectivity across regeneration sites and scales: The area borders to forests with high biodiversity, increasing connectivity which should benefit animals [Ref. 5]. 4. Achieved increased number of species present: Many different plant species have been sown and inventories show that a number of insect species such as butterflies are found in the area [Ref. 1, 3, 6]. 5. Achieved increased presence and recovery of wild species: The project restores habitat for wild species that are lacking in the landscape [Ref. 2, 3]. 6. Achieved enhanced support of pollination: The project actively supports pollinators such as wild bees, bumblebees and butterflies [Ref. 1-6]. Environmental impact indicators Green space area created (in ha) 7,5 Total area of habitat restored (in ha) 7,5 Economic impacts Unknown Description of economic benefits Unknown Social and cultural impacts Social justice and cohesion Improved access to urban green space Achieved improved access to urban green space Health and wellbeing Gain in activities for recreation and exercise Achieved gain in activities for recreation and exercise Education Increased knowledge of locals about local nature Expected increased knowledge of locals about local nature Increased awareness of NBS and their benefits Expected increased awareness of NBS and their benefits Social and cultural impact indicators Surface area of accessible green spaces (in ha) 7,5 Description of social and cultural benefits 1. Achieved improved access to urban green space: The project has resulted in an accessible green space that is close to urban areas [Ref. 1, 3]. 2. Achieved gain in activities for recreation and exercise: The area is accessible from existing trails in nature and has become a destination to visit for recreation [Ref. 4-6]. 3. Expected increased knowledge of locals about local nature: The project includes educational and informational signs and amenities and is expected to teach visitors about biodiversity. 4. Expected increased awareness of NBS and their benefits: The educational activities are also meant to teach about ecosystem services and the benefits to society of the project [Ref. 1-6]. Evidence for use of assessment Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process Yes Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts Local government/municipality Presence of indicators used in reporting Yes Type of indicators Outcome indicators Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports Yes Link to monitoring/evaluation reports https://lona.naturvardsverket.se/Project/View/4234 Availability of a web-based monitoring tool No evidence in public records Name of any specific impact assessment tools Unknown Use of GIS in mapping impacts No evidence in public records Cost-benefit analysis Unknown Transparency Public disclosure of project funding sources and/or budgets Online disclosure of technical reports (e.g. project documents, reports, or data) Justice Community satisfaction Positive: The majority of feedback and reports indicate high levels of satisfaction and appreciation for the NBS project within the community. Description of locals satisfaction with the project There is limited information about community satisfaction, but the municipality claims that there has only been positive feedback [Ref. 6] Trade-offs & Negative impacts Unknown Emphasis of existing social inequalities or injustices No information reported related to negative social justice-related impacts of the NBS project Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement No initiatives or policies were implemented High-quality & Transformative NBS Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community) No Goal setting and impacts delivery No, project goals were not set, and benefits were not delivered in all 3 key areas. Reaching original project goals Most of the project goals were achieved Long-term perspective Yes Cost-effective solutions Unknown Equitable impacts A. All stakeholders benefit fairly from the project Transformative capacity Ecological change (e.g. ecosystem functions and their distribution) Magnitude of change Reformist: by focusing on addressing underlying drivers of change but failing to address the problem structurally or systemically Application of lessons learned The NBS has been shared or used as a good practice to trigger transformative change The NBS contributed to global and national targets for human well-being, climate and biodiversity Perception of Environmental Change Unknown 6. Sources References 1. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2024). Nedlagd deponi förvandlas till blomrika ytor som gynnar vilda pollinatörer. Accessed on September 24, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 2. Johansson, M. (2015). Kikåstippen Från avfall till biologisk mångfald. Onsala Biokonsult, [Source link] [Archive]; 3. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (n.d.). Slutrapport: Kikåsdeponin från avfall till biologisk mångfald. [Source link] [Archive]; 4. City of Mölndal (n.d.). Kikås insektshotell. Accessed on September 24, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 5. Gad, C. (2019). Sveriges största hotell för insekter snart klart. Göteborgs-Posten, Accessed on September 24, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 6. Puoskari, S. (2021). Insekterna har checkat in på hotellet i Kikås – och det blommar för fullt. Mölndals-Posten, Accessed on September 24, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; 7. Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (n.d.). Segregationsbarometern: Mölndal. Accessed on September 24, 2024, [Source link] [Archive]; Comments and notes Public Images Image Butterflies and flowers at the new meadow Ref. 6 Image The waste dump from above before the project, as the landfill is being covered https://lona.naturvardsverket.se/Project/View/4234 Image The insect hotel at the Kikås dump https://lona.naturvardsverket.se/Project/View/4234
Image The waste dump from above before the project, as the landfill is being covered https://lona.naturvardsverket.se/Project/View/4234
