1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Hammam-Sousse
Region
Africa
Native title of the NBS intervention
Passez au vert
Short description of the intervention
In November 2019 the municipality of Hammam Sousse alongside one of the local schools initiated a climate intervention by planting trees next to the banks of the river Oued El Hammam. The municipality of Hammam Sousse is located in the central-eastern part of Tunisia (Sahel region), and as a coastal city, it enjoys a warm Mediterranean climate with a dry summer. The Mediterranean region is ranked among the regions which are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and the intervention focused on implementing solutions to mitigate these effects. (1,2)
Address

Avenue de la république
4011 Hammam Sousse
Tunisia

Total area
1500000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2019
End date of the intervention
2019
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The Mediterranean is a climate change hotspot region. Increased water scarcity, rising temperatures and desertification are becoming a yearly occurrence in the life of everyday citizens. To respond to some of these challenges the Municipality of Hammam Souse initiated the intervention having on their agenda the following goals:
1. A medium-term goal of the intervention is to transform a site next to the banks of Oued into a fitness trail and an urban garden.
2. To promote environmental protection by raising awareness among all citizens, stakeholders, influentials and decision-makers to safeguard the natural resources of the country.
3. To increases the resilience of the local community, particularly the most vulnerable and women in particular.
4. To tackle greenhouse emissions by planting trees.
5. To enhance energy security and the adaptive capacity of the city and the country of Tunis.
6. To improve climate change governance.
7. To protect and conserve the biodiversity of one of the richest areas in biodiversity, home to thousands of species of flora and fauna. (1,5,6)
Quantitative targets
Planting 600 trees from a goal of 5000 trees
Planting 3 types of tree species: 300 myoporum plants, 150 ficus plants and 150 Aleppo pines
Planting over an area of 1.5 km
Serving approx. 43,000 of the city's population (1)
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of trees planted;
Size of the area covered;
Number of citizens affected;
Type of species planted (1).
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
In November 2019 the municipality of Hammam Sousse and a local school met on the banks of Oued (the river crossing the locality) to plant bushes and trees. Most of the children were middle schoolers accompanied by a natural science teacher. By around 2pm, all the trees had been planted: 300 myoporum plants (good for pollinators), 150 ficus plants and 150 Aleppo pines The children had already gone home. Local workers took over to pat down the soil and train the trees and shrubs to protect them from high winds. (1)
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Riverbank/Lakeside greens
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
600 trees (1)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Medicinal resources
Regulating services
Carbon storage/sequestration
Mediation of smell / noise / visual impacts
Cultural services
Tourism
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The intervention was led by the municipality of the city under an EU program. The municipality managed the funds and envisioned the stages of the implementation. The school was involved in the implementation stage. Other citizens were present during the action. (1)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Citizens or community group
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
The intervention was part of the Clima Med program. The overall objective of CLIMA-MED is to enhance the energy security and adaptive capacity of partner countries while fostering their transition to low-carbon and climate-resilient economies, thereby contributing to more stable, efficient, competitive and climate-resilient socioeconomic communities, while at the same time increasing energy independence and reducing emissions. The project objective is in line with and part of the “Energy security and Climate action in the Southern Neighbourhood 2017-2018” programme, which was adopted by the European Commission in 2017. The project started in June 2018 and will end in June 2022. (5)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
It is mentioned that the intervention came after a local reforestation plan was demanded by the citizens of Hammam Sousse. The local reforestation plan was part of the participatory democracy adopted by the town, involved the planting of 5,000 trees. The sources also mentioned that Clima Med provides technical assistance to support the creation and implementation of Sustainable Energy Access and Climate Action Plans (SEACAPs), which will comply with the principles of the Global Covenant of Mayors and will help to define practical measures to be implemented by local authorities in the Southern Neighbourhood. (1, 6)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The city has a local reforestation plan envisioned with the local citizens. The municipality also aims at issuing a local Sustainable Energy Access and Climate Action Plan that will deal with greenhouse gases inventories and climate vulnerability and risk assessments (6).
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
As part of the Clima Med project, “Acting for Climate in South Mediterranean”, eight Tunisian municipalities have received support in organising regional tree-planting days under the slogan “Let's go green” (“Passez au vert”). The other countries targeted are: Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Palestine. (1)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The total cost of the Clima Med project is 6.9 Mil. Euros (5) however it is not mentioned how much was dedicated for this present intervention.
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
This project can be considered as a governance innovation as it is based on a participatory analysis that involves citizens and governmental representatives in trying to tackle climate change issues. The main goal is to develop local policies that can fit the needs of the cities and their inhabitants. As the Clima Med expert says: "This initiative is in line with the activities of the COP 25. We have always sought to involve towns and local civil society in our initiatives so that they can carry on the work and become fully engaged in the implementation of effective action plans for sustainable energy, the environment and the fight against climate change." (1)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Clima Med was implemented in 8 cities across Tunisia therefore similar interventions and action local plans were delivered in: Bizerte, Rades, Monastir, or Medenine. (3)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The innovation was transferred at a local but also international level - a plantation day was implemented and afterwards celebrated in other North African countries (for example Tiznit in Morocco) (7)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The intervention expected that by planting the bushes and trees to enhance carbon sequestration. In total 600 trees were planted out of a target of 5000. From the types of vegetation planted we must name Myoporum which is an Australian and Southeast Asia native, used as a moderate growing ground cover on banks or slopes, where they blanket the area with a dense covering of light green leaves. They are valuable on slopes thanks to their surface erosion control ability, and they are showy evergreen shrubs. The other type of vegetation planted was the Aleppo pine, a native of the Mediterranean region, which besides its edible and medicinal properties are a good habitat for different species of beetles, cicada, tree bugs that have the capacity to increase the presence of birds and thereof biodiversity. The Aleppo Pine is pollinated by the wind and is very resistant to drought and high temperatures. Another tree planted was the ficus tree. (1, 8)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
The intervention aimed to transform an area that was previously occupied by garages and sheet metal factories into an urban garden and the 600 trees/vegetation will improve access to locals to green areas. Another benefit mentioned is that many children and locals took part in the action, as well as in the creation of a fitness trail (also built next to the trees) that are expected to provide benefits related to physical exercise.
After the implementation was finished the Clima Med team organised workshops to discuss the NBS and their benefits and if other coping solutions can be found. (1,3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of trees planted;
Types of species used (1)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
As of September 28, 2021, no information regarding the Covid 19 pandemic was found.
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Yes
Please specify
After the intervention was completed the Clima Med project organised workshops with the municipality representative to assist the municipality in coming up with potential adaptation and mitigation actions as part of its SEACAP. A total of 21 ideas for action were discussed during this workshop between the representatives of the municipality and the Clima-Med Maghreb project team. The ideas for action that emerged tackle various themes such as public lighting, water and waste management and raising public awareness on the topic of climate change. It was not mentioned if indeed the present action was discussed but it is most probable (3)
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Clima Med presentation in French (1.54 MB) 1.54 MB
List of references
1. EU Neighbours (2020), Clima-Med: Budding eco-warriors fighting climate change, available at https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/south/eu-in-action/stories/clima-med-budding-eco-warriors-fighting-climate-change (accessed 28-9-2021)
2. Clima Med (no date), Hammam-Sousse, available at https://www.climamed.eu/project/our-countries/tunisia/hammam-sousse/ (accessed 28-9-2021)
3. Clima Med (2020), As part of SEACAP development activities with the Clima-Med project team, a new series of workshops was held for Tunisian municipalities representatives to assist them in identifying potential climate actions, available at https://www.climamed.eu/as-part-of-seacap-development-activities-with-the-clima-med-project-team-a-new-series-of-workshops-was-held-for-tunisian-municipalities-representatives-to-assist-them-in-identifying-potential-climate/, (accessed 28-9-2021)
4. Clima Med (2019), Handbook - SEACAP Training in Tunisia, October 2019, available at https://www.climamed.eu/documentation/handbooks/ (accessed 28-9-2021)
5. Clima Med (no date), CLIMA-MED: Acting for Climate in South Mediterranean, available at https://ufmsecretariat.org/project/clima-med/ (accessed 28-9-2021)
6. Clima Med (2019), Acting for Climate in South Mediterranean (conference), available at https://meetmed.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Amel-Makhlouf-Clima-Med_PPT_Meetmed.pdf (accessed 28-9-2021)
7. Clima Med (2019), Journee de plantation 2019, Tiznit, available at https://www.climamed.eu/fr/journee-de-la-plantation-2019-dans-la-ville-de-tiznit-au-maroc/, (accessed 28-9-2021)
8. Zvi Mendel (2000), The phytophagous insect fauna of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia forests in the Mediterranean, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285970443_The_phytophagous_insect_fauna_of_Pinus_halepensis_and_P_brutia_forests_in_the_Mediterranean (accessed 28-9-2021)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Planting trees
Planting trees
https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/south/eu-in-action/stories/clima-med-budding-eco-warriors-fighting-climate-change
Image
Preparing the land
https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/south/eu-in-action/stories/clima-med-budding-eco-warriors-fighting-climate-change
Image
Children involvement
https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/south/eu-in-action/stories/clima-med-budding-eco-warriors-fighting-climate-change