1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Karachi
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
جوان پودے کی پرورش کرنا
Short description of the intervention
18 km southwest of Karachi City (Sandspit area), the World Wildlife Fund Wetland Center (an NGO subsidiary of the WWF) started a project in 2011 called Nurturing Young Sapling with a grant from the Mangrove for the Future organization. The project aimed to increase the mangrove forest cover near Karachi as to restore the ecosystem and improve the habitat for local and migratory birds, crabs and other fauna. In this way, the project sought to improve biodiversity and therefore the availability of livelihood resources to the local community, as well as to enable ecotourism. It also focused to enhance the awareness of school children on the importance of a mangrove ecosystem and advocating for its sustainable use (1).
The project benefited local fishing communities, school children and their families as well as local and international visitors to the Sandspit area. The project resulted in the mangrove plantation at 4.5 hectares area, the establishment of a mangrove (Avicennia Marina) nursery, the plantation of 5000 mangrove saplings, awareness raising of 200 school children, two-day awareness conference, the celebration of significant environmental days at the Wetland Centre to promote conservation awareness among school children (1, 2, 3).
After the successful completion of the project in 2012, WWF Pakistan has been actively involved in the management and plantation of mangroves in the Sandspit area. Multiple campaigns and awareness-raising programs for coastal protection are conducted by WWF in their Sandspit office with multiple partnerships to plant and educate students and communities about the importance of mangrove trees. (5)
Address

Sandspit, Karachi, Pakistan
Karachi-74000
Pakistan

Area boundary
POINT (66.893434298456 24.849519789775)
POINT (66.896238095911 24.848729636798)
POINT (66.894424561592 24.849634734394)
POINT (66.894837644409 24.84816280463)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQWitpmRpqA (accessed o 30-03-2023)
Total area
45000.00m²
NBS area
45000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2011
End date of the intervention
2012
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
This project aimed to:
1. To restore 4.5 hectares of mangrove forest in the Sandspit area near WWF Wetland Centre aiming to protect the coastal area.
2. To raise awareness among school children on the importance and conservation of the mangrove ecosystems through various interventions.
3. To restore the ecosystem and improve the local habitat for fauna such as migratory birds and crabs, as such helping to improve biodiversity.
4. To add oxygen to the marine ecosystems and prevent land erosion as well as to act as shock absorbers against hurricanes and tsunamis. (1,2)
Quantitative targets
1. Restore 4.5 hectares of mangrove forest in the Sandspit beach area.
2. Establishment of a mangrove Nursery of 5000 saplings.
3. Mangrove plantation with awareness raising of 200 school children. (1)
Monitoring indicators defined
1. The number of mangrove saplings planted in the identified area.
2. The total number of students who participated in the awareness-raising events.
3. The number of mangrove saplings in the established nursery. (1)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Nurturing Young Sapling project was implemented by WWF Pakistan Karachi Office with a grant from Mangrove for the Future. The project was carried out near the WWF Wetland Centre in the Sandspit area, Karachi. The target beneficiaries of the project include local fishing communities, school children and their families as well as local and international visitors to the Sandspit area. The project resulted in the establishment of a mangrove (Avicenna marina) nursery in the area. About 5000 mangrove saplings (Avicenna marina) were planted in the identified area with participation from the school students. Awareness-raising events were conducted which involved 100 school children and 100 university students. World Wetland Day 2012 and World Earth Day 2012 were celebrated at the Wetland Centre in Sandspit with the participation of 212 students. The children presented their views about the environment, wetlands and mangroves through various posters, speeches, tableaus and quiz competitions (1, 2). Students from the Government Boys Secondary School, Government Boys Primary School Younis-Abad, Government Girls Primary School Younis Abad and Kaka Pir Community Schools participated in the competitions. Afterwards, the children moved to an open area after being divided into groups of 10, where they planted 200 saplings of Mangroves (2).
A two-day national conference on the mangrove ecosystem of Pakistan was also organized on 8-9 March 2012 by WWF for this regional initiative promoting investments in coastal ecosystems. Senior representatives of the environment sector, and private and public sector shared their views and experiences at the occasion (3). Initially, the implementation of the project was planned for one year but due to the unforeseen political circumstances in Karachi, the timeframe was restricted to eight months which seemed very challenging to complete all the planned activities in a shorter time (1).
After completion of the project, WWF Wetland centre continued the conservation, mangrove plantation and awareness raising in students for coastal ecosystem protection. Some of the initiatives in this Sandspit area by WWF include various collaborations starting in 2013 with several stakeholders with a courier service company to highlight the importance of mangrove plantations and raise awareness among coastal communities and other stakeholders. The most recent one was in January 2018, when WWF planted 27,000 saplings in collaboration with Artistic Fabric and Garment Industries (AFGI) Pvt Ltd (5).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
5000 (1)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was implemented by WWF, Karachi which received the grant for the project from the Mangrove for Future organization, a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development (1).
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Transnational network
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The Ramsar Convention of 1971 was mentioned in connection to the project as well as Pakistan: National Strategy and Action Plan for Mangroves for the Future. (2, 6)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Mangroves for the Future operates in various countries and it was initially focused on the countries worst affected by the tsunami of 2004; India, Indonesia, Maldives, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. As of 2010 Pakistan and Vietnam joined. (7)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Please specify
While this intervention
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Subsidy was available through Indus for All Programme; the first six years (2006-2012) implementation phase of a 50-year vision of the Indus Ecoregion Programme. Funded by the Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherlands in Pakistan, the Programme is being implemented by WWF - Pakistan in close collaboration with the Government of Sindh. (3)
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
PKR 860,000 - approx. 2,900 EUR (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
As the project included a strong awareness component, I'd argue the action is a cultural innovation aimed at celebrating significant environmental Days at the Wetland Centre to promote conservation awareness among school children. (1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
It is not mentioned if the innovation is new or copied from previous initiatives though Mangroves for Future provides similar funds in other countries such as Thailand, VietNam, Indonesia, and India. (6)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
WWF implements similar interventions since 2013, each year including children, schools, as well as different stakeholders. (5)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
- The intervention was successful in the sense that it increased the green space area of the Sandspit and the number of species present. As such, there was a restoration of 4.5 ha of mangrove forest with 5,000 saplings.
- Furthermore, a mangrove (Avicenna marina) nursery was established. Avicenna marina was the species planted as it is an insect repellant and offers protection of shorelines from storms, erosion or sea-level rise, food from fisheries and maintenance of water quality. (1,8)
- It was also expected from the project to "improve the habitat for local and migratory birds, crabs and other fauna, nurseries of shrimps and other marine species thereby improving biodiversity". (1)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Economic benefits were not mentioned.
Description of social and cultural benefits
- Improved access to urban green space: The site is one of the prime recreational sites for the citizens of Karachi, with annually an estimated 150,000 visitors coming to the area. (1)
- Increased knowledge about nature: The intervention involved awareness raising of 212 school children (1). In 2012, during Wetlands World Day, several schools involved their pupils in the event. The Sandspit provided learning about the importance of mangroves including – in certain seasons – serving as a resting ground for migratory birds including flamingoes and waterfowl (4).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Number of saplings planted
- Size of the area turned into green space
- Number of school children participated. (1,2)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
No information regarding the pandemic has been found as of March, 29, 2023.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknwon
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Mangroves for the Future. (No date). Nurturing Young Saplings. Available at: http://www.mangrovesforthefuture.org/grants/small-grant-facilities/pakistan/nurturing-young-saplings/ (Accessed: 17-02-2023)
2. Yusuf, S. (2012). Mangroves plantations at World Wetlands Day. Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/692896/world-wetland-day-observed-with-presentations-and-plantations (Accessed: 17-02-2023)
3. WWF Pakistan. (2012). Indus Forever. Available at: https://www.wwf.org.pk/foreverindus/pdf/newsletter/v6issue21jan12.pdf (Accessed: 17-02-2023)
4. WWF (2012), Green School Programme, available at http://www.wwf.org.pk/greenschool/images/south_Report_2011June12.pdf (accessed 29-03-2023)
5. Mangrove Alliance (no date), PAKISTAN MANGROVE PLANTATION CAMPAIGN, available at https://www.mangrovealliance.org/pakistan-mangrove-plantation-campaign/ (accessed 29-03-2023)
6. Mangroves for the Future (2010), Pakistan: National Strategy and Action Plan for Mangroves for the Future, available at http://www.mangrovesforthefuture.org/assets/Repository/Documents/MFF-Pakistan-NSAP2.pdf (accessed 29-03-2023)
7. IUCN (2011), Fourth Meeting of the National Coordinating Body for MFF Pakistan (Mangroves for the Future), available https://www.iucn.org/content/fourth-meeting-national-coordinating-body-mff-pakistan-mangroves-future (accessed 29-03-2023)
8. GRID (UNEP partner, (no date), Mangroves, Avicennia Marina, (Blue Carbon) in the city of Abu Dhabi, UAE, available at https://www.grida.no/resources/3902 (accessed 29-03-2023)



Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Nurturing Young Saplings
Aerial view of the mangrove plantation area
Source: (Ref: 4)
Image
Nurturing Young Saplings
WWF Wetland Centre
Source: (Ref: 6)
Image
Nurturing Young Saplings
Children planting mangrove at Sandspit area
Source: (Ref: 1)