1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Lima (FUA)
Region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Native title of the NBS intervention
Proyecto de reforestación de las Lomas de Primavera
Short description of the intervention
To protect the Lomas de Primavera from urban pressure and other threats, the Lomas de Primavera Ecological Association has implemented strategies for its conservation. One of the strategies this organisation has promoted is reforestation activities. Working together with the Municipality of Lima and other interested actors, they have sought to expand Lima's green spaces, improve air quality, enhance flora, and promote tourism, among other benefits (1). Lima's Municipality has supported the project by donating 20,000 trees for reforestation and to prevent land encroachment (1), social organisations and environmental activists have joint efforts to plant more than 250 trees to support the conservation efforts (2, 7).
The Lomas de Primavera Ecological Association leads the project, organizing community management efforts to conserve the Lomas de Primavera sector. This association is based in the Agrupación Familiar Primavera Lomas de Carabayllo community (2). The association's conservation activities involve collaboration with various stakeholders at different levels. Locally, it works with community leaders and organizations. At the district level, it coordinates with the Carabayllo municipality and the NGO CIDAP to improve urban conditions. The metropolitan-level collaboration includes the Municipality of Lima and the ACR 'Sistema de Lomas de Lima' for ecosystem protection and valorization. Nationally, it partners with MINAM, SERNANP, MINAGRI, UNDP, UCV, and the Network of Peruvian Lomas to enhance ecosystem services, restore degraded areas, and conduct research on the Lomas (2).
The preservation and reforestation of these ecosystems is essential, as they have social, cultural and environmental value, including the following ecosystem services: provision of genetic resources, soil formation, pollination, aesthetic services, ecotourism, food, education, and archaeological and historical services (3)
Implementation area characterization
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2016
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2019
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- To strengthen the Loma's ecosystem, recover green spaces, improve the quality of life of the population and prevent encroachment of untouchable land (1)
- To protect the ecosystem in the area, as it lacks green areas and is one of the places where high temperatures are felt the most (1)
- To expand the green frontier of northern Lima (1)
- To improve air quality, increase green spaces, strengthen the flora and promote tourism in the eight hectares of Lomas de Primavera (1)
- Encouraging the maintenance of the ecosystem through the commitment of neighbours to maintain and water the planted trees (1)
- To restore the natural cover and recover the ecosystem services of the Lomas, allowing communities the possibility of generating economic income opportunities and local well-being through these (3)
- To support the efforts of defenders of Las Lomas and learn about the need for the preservation of green spaces in the city (6)
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
The Municipality of Lima donated 20,000 trees that will serve to strengthen the ecosystem of the area. According to them, a variety of trees will be delivered gradually, in coordination with the Municipality of Carabayllo and the Asociación Ecológica Lomas de Primavera (1).
Water tanks, a drip irrigation system, and fog catchers will also be installed to support reforestation efforts (1).
Reforestation activities based on the donation of trees would begin in the days following the donation with the initial planting of 300 trees, including tara, papelillo, molle, guaranguay, among other species with low water consumption (1). A group of stakeholders, led by the Lomas de Primavera Ecological Association, carried out an activity in which 150 trees were planted (2).
These reforestation activities are being coordinated with various stakeholders, including Asociación Lomas de Primavera, Serpar - Lima's Municipality, Carabayllo's Municipality, Grupo Scout Los Olivos 44, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Comando Ecológico Perú (2) and Citizens' Movement on Climate Change (6).
The board of the Ecological Association aimed to plant them by 2022 to reforest degraded areas, as part of what would become the Lomas Restoration Plan (4).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Genetic materials from all biota
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Pollination
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Aesthetic appreciation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Spiritual and / or emblematic (symbolic, sacred and / or religious)
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
The current population of the district of Carabayllo is 431,555, of which 224,637 are women and 206,918 are men (4). Per capita household income is predominantly lower-middle income, with 39.6% of households in this range, and 27.4% of low-income households (5).
This project is led by the Asociación Ecológica de Lomas de Primavera, which is located in the human settlement Agrupación Familiar Primavera Lomas de Carabayllo (Agrupación Familia), part of the localities adjacent to the hills of the Primavera sector, located in Sector 10 of the district of Carabayllo. It is located in a critical area as the houses, schools and other local infrastructures are located on land that has been cleared or filled, endangering the health and safety of the local inhabitants. In this settlement live approximately a total of 250 families, which are distributed in a total of 350 houses, of which a total of 100 houses are uninhabited; a group of families, located in the lower and flat part of the locality, have houses built with noble material (brick, cement, others), while another important group of families have houses of precarious material (wood, Eternit, mats, adobe, others) located on the slopes of the hill, where there is a risk of landslides that could affect them (3).
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Unknown
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Social enterprise
Specify primary beneficiaries
It is mentioned that reforestation activities are intended to improve the quality of life of the population and to prevent encroachment on intangible land (1).
Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups
The activities proposed by the association, including the reforestation of the Lomas, have a socio-ecosystemic approach. In other words, the actions they are carrying out are aimed at improving the social and economic conditions of the inhabitants of their community, allowing them to strengthen the socio-ecosystemic interrelationships between the Lomas and the community (3)
Specify measures taken for vulnerable or marginalized communities
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Asociación Ecológica Lomas de Primavera: Social enterprise that seeks the conservation of the Lomas of Carabayllo through reforestation, cleaning, tourist guidance and awareness-raising activities in the Primavera sector (3). Initiator and developer of reforestation activities (3).
Lima's Municipality and SERPAR: Supporting actors and organisers of reforestation activities, in support of the Ecological Association Lomas de Primavera (1, 2, 3).
Supporting actors in reforestation activities: Los Olivos 44 Scout Group, Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Cesar Vallejo University, Comando Ecológico Perú (2), environmental activists of the Citizen's Movement against Climate Change (6)
UNDP: through the EbA Lomas programme, has supported reforestation actions through the implementation of a Tara nursery (3)
Carabayllo community: involvement in reforestation programmes to encourage the care of planted trees (1, 2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Multilateral organisation
Level of citizen and community engagement
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme/type of the plan
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers & Barriers
Please specify "other type of enabler"
Laws and strategies that facilitate the community-building initiative: On 13 August 2020, due to the health crisis, the Inter-institutional Action Protocol was approved to manage and protect the ecosystems included in the Sectoral List of Fragile Ecosystems, of which the Lomas de Primavera is a part (7)
The district municipality of Carabayllo declared the fragile ecosystem known as Lomas de Primavera to be of public, heritage, cultural and landscape protection interest (Ordinance No. 397-2018-MDC, 2018) (7)
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
The president of the Asociación Ecológica Lomas de Primavera- Carabayllo, has been dedicated to the care of the Lomas de Primavera for years. He has promoted the recognition of the Lomas as a fragile ecosystem and actively participates in the network of Lomas in Lima (3)
Barriers
The Ecological Association has presented a series of deficiencies and problems to be able to continue working, due to the lack of budget, infrastructure, implements, equipment and work tools that allow it to continue developing a series of activities necessary for the conservation of the hills of the Primavera Sector. Likewise, the association is in constant and high danger due to a series of threats that have existed for decades, as well as other threats that have emerged in recent years, all of them related to land trafficking, invasions, unregulated urban expansion, agricultural activities (livestock and poultry), informal mining activity, pollution from solid waste and transport, the presence of exotic species, unregulated tourist activity and the Covid-19 pandemic (3)
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Entrepreneurship opportunities
Yes
What entrepreneurship opportunities have arisen from the NBS project?
Please specify other type of entrepreneurship opportunity
Trade of plants and trees
What types of actors are leading the entrepreneurship activities linked to the NBS project?
What types of support are provided to entrepreneurs engaged in NBS-related activities?
Business models
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
-Improved air quality: "Both pointed out that there will be a significant improvement in air quality, more green spaces, strengthening of the flora, promotion of tourism, among other factors that can be developed in the eight hectares of Lomas de Primavera." (1)
-Increased green space area: "The donation of 20,000 trees that will serve to strengthen the ecosystem of the site, recover green spaces and prevent traffickers from invading intangible land." (1)
-Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems: "The donation of 20,000 trees that will serve to strengthen the ecosystem of the site, recover green spaces and prevent traffickers from invading intangible land." (1)
-Increased number of species present: "The donation of trees will begin in the next few days with the initial planting of 300 trees, including tara, papelillo, molle, guaranguay, among other species with low water consumption." (1)
Environmental impact indicators
Total number of vascular plant species protected or introduced
300
Green space area created (in ha)
8
Total area of protected or secured natural areas (in ha)
8
Description of economic benefits
-More sustainable tourism: "Both pointed out that there will be a significant improvement in air quality, more green spaces, strengthening of the flora, and promotion of tourism, among other factors that can be developed in the eight hectares of Lomas de Primavera." (1)
-Generation of income from NBS: "The president of the Ecological Association, points out that the nursery can produce, in five months, ten thousand trees that could be marketed by the community itself" (3)
Social and cultural impact indicators
Number of participants in outdoor activities or exercise programs in green spaces
50
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces: "During the reforestation activity, 30 people from the Universidad Vallejo and 10 scouts participated, and together with the workers of Serpar and the municipality of Carabayllo, there were about 50 people." (2)
-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "During the walk, the activists got to know the local flora and fauna, such as the wild potato, the palillo de lomas, the amancaes flower, the wild quinoa and the wild tobacco. All native plants with high resistance in wild ecosystems. Among the animal species that can be observed are owls, partridges, snails, vizcachas, lizards and others." (7)
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Justice
Community satisfaction
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Please specify Trade-offs & Negative impacts Selected
Threats to the Association's leader for his efforts to protect the ecosystem (3, 7)
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
No
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, project goals were not set, and benefits were not delivered in all 3 key areas.
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
Peruvian Government (2023). Municipalidad de Lima apoya a Lomas de Carabayllo con 20 mil árboles. Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Comando Ecológico Perú (2023). REFORESTACION LOMAS DE PRIMAVERA - CARABAYLLO. Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
Guarniz Aranda, Y.M. (2022). GESTIÓN COMUNITARIA PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LIMA METROPOLITANA: ASOCIACIÓN ECOLÓGICA LOMAS DE PRIMAVERA. Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Peruvian Health Ministry (n.d.). Estadística Poblacional . Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (2020). Planos Estratificados de Lima Metropolitana a Nivel de Manzanas 2020. Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
6.
Yaranga, M. (2019). Activistas del MOCICC plantaron 100 árboles de Tara en Lomas de Primavera. Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
7.
Alonso Quispe, C., Solórzano, R. (2021). PROBLEMÁTICA SOCIOAMBIENTAL DE LAS LOMAS . Accessed on September 16, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Group of people planting tara in Lomas Primavera
Group of people planting tara in Lomas Primavera
Comando Especial Peru
Image
A tara tree planted at a tree planting activity in Lomas Primavera
Tree planting day in Lomas Primavera
Comando Especial Peru