1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Lisboa (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Quinta da granja
Short description of the intervention
In 2007 the Lisboa City Hall began the development of a strategy for urban agriculture, having created in 2011 several allotment parks. Beyond the provision of plots, the Council also provided the fences, shelters for storage, water irrigation, training and technical support. In 2011 there were already 56 plots of 150 m2 at a location named Granja Farm (2)
Address

Tv. da Granja, 1500-335
Lisbon
Portugal

Location
The NBS is situated in an area, with clear delineation of boundaries and a specific shape (polygon). The NBS project can also have more than one area location (more than one polygon, situated close by).
Area boundary
POINT (-9.196544 38.751328)
POINT (-9.193712 38.750625)
POINT (-9.193615 38.751018)
POINT (-9.192274 38.751779)
POINT (-9.193712 38.75276)
POINT (-9.194471 38.752218)
Total area
20000.00m²
NBS area
8400.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Natural Heritage Area/Untouched nature
Public Greenspace Area
Website of the intervention
https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/ambiente/estrutura-ecologica/parques-horticolas
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2007
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2011
End date of the intervention
2011
Present stage of the intervention
Completed
Goals of the intervention
1. Allow the development of environmental awareness by learning and applying good agricultural practices.
2. Improve social interaction among users of the garden (mutual help and sharing of knowledge reinforce social relations between users).
3. Promote the ecological balance of the territory, when, as is the case, good agricultural practices are applied.
4. Help to maintain humidity, lower the temperature and release of oxygen, easing the environmental impact from demographic excessive pressure. (2)
5. The vegetable gardens encourage recreation and a healthy lifestyle, outdoors, assuming itself as an alternative of occupying leisure time and an opportunity for the young to acquire new skills. (2)
Quantitative targets
10 Horticultural Parks, serving more than 400 families.
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of horticultural parks created (and planned for the future), total area of the gardens, number of users (2)
Sustainability challenge(s) addressed
Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
Climate change adaptation
Water management (SDG 6)
Flood protection
Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
Green space creation and/or management
Environmental quality
Air quality improvement
Soil quality improvement
Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
Environmental education
Social interaction
Health and well-being (SDG 3)
Enabling opportunities for physical activity
Creation of opportunities for recreation
Sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12)
Sustainable consumption
Sustainable production
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Reduce exposure to climate risks directly
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Increase or improve urban vegetation cover to help reduce outdoor temperature
Implementation activities
In addition to the plots, associated infrastructures (paths, fences, access gates, shelters for the storage of agricultural tools, irrigation system), horticulture training (in organic production mode) and permanent technical support were provided.
The gardens are inserted in urban parks and Gardens, where other aspects coexist, such as lawn/stay areas, playgrounds, kiosks-cafeteria, sports equipment, cycle paths, among others, so they can and should be visited by everyone. (2)
Type of NBS project
Creation of new green areas
Knowledge creation and awareness raising
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Community gardens
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
56
Vegetation Type
Garden beds
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
paths, fences, access gates, shelters for the storage of agricultural tools, irrigation system
Amenities offered by the NBS
Benches and drinking water stations
Playgrounds
Sports areas and equipment
Complementing infrastructure (bathrooms, café)
Other
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Flood regulation
Other
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Please specify "other cultural service"
Educational services - development of environmental awareness and the gardens are seen as an opportunity for the young people to acquire new skill (through the learning and practical work).
Social interaction - the gardens reinforce the social relations of neighbourhood/community among users. (3)
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Primary Beneficiaries
Local government/Municipality
Citizens or community groups
Food producers and cultivators (i.e. farmers, gardeners)
Young people and children
Governance
Governance arrangements
Co-governance with government and non-government actors
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Council of Lisbon provides the plots, the fences, shelters for storage, water irrigation, training and technical support. The plots are awarded by public tender. For the plots, about a thousand applications were submitted, which reflects the huge demand for urban spaces for production by the citizens. (2)
Key actors - initiating organization
Local government/municipality
Land owners
Public space owned by the city
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Public space owned by the city
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping)
Crowd-sourcing/Crowd-funding/Participatory budget
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The Lisbon strategy, to build a green structure based on the idea of generation systems and multifunctional uses:
Lisboa New Master Plan (1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Spatial planning guidance
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Urban Allotments Parks Programme intends to implement more than 20 urban allotment parks until 2017.(ref.3)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Urban Allotments Parks Programme, Green Plan and Lisboa New Master Plan (3)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Municipal / city level environmental plan or programme
Urban redevelopment plan
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The municipality of Lisboa is a partner case study in the Urban Allotment Gardens action of the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a pan-European intergovernmental framework. The main objective of the COST Action TU1201 is to study urban Allotment Gardens and their relevance for urban sustainable development by creating a scientific platform. (4)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Unknown
Financing
Total cost
Unknown
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Public local authority budget
Type of fund(s) used
Unknown
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Provision of land
Provision of goods
Provision of labour
Provision of expertise
Other
Please specify other type of non-financial contribution
provision of the fences, shelters for storage, water irrigation, training and technical support.
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)
Citizens (e.g. volunteering)
Business models
Risk reduction model
Green densification model
Local stewardship model
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Public actor (e.g. municipality)
Citizens / local communities
Type of innovation
Social
Cultural innovation
Please specify social innovation
The horticultural gardens resulted in a significant change in the relationship between citizens as user's of the gardens and garden community, and also with the land/ecosystem. Incorporating principles of mutual help and sharing of knowledge reinforced social relations between users and improved the sense of community. (2)
Novelty level of the innovation
The innovation is copied/derived from previous initiative(s) without substantial adaptation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
There are other horticultural parks in the city if Lisbon using the same type of innovation (2).
Replicability/Transferability
The innovation is transferred to new initiative(s) with substantial adaptation
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Other horticultural parks of the city use the same innovation as a transference (2).
Impacts, benefits
Environmental impacts
Environmental quality
Improved soil quality
Green space and habitat
Increased green space area
Description of environmental benefits
The NBS reached its impact of creating and increasing the green area in the city of Lisbon by expanding the green area with approx 8400 sqm. A later analysis, dated 2016, concluded that the implementation of the NBS had impacts on the environmental quality, especially in improving the soil quality in the area. It also concluded that the plants and the edibles harvested from the allotment gardens were beneficial for the soil of the region and helped ameliorate its condition, and increased its fertility. More precise information on the results regarding soil quality can be found in the report (reference no. 5) (5).

Economic impacts
Unknown
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Social and cultural impacts
Social justice and cohesion
Improved access to urban green space
Increased access to healthy/affordable food
Education
Increased knowledge of locals about local nature
Description of social and cultural benefits
The NBS increased access to healthy affordable food for approx. 100 families (20 out of 326 candidates) and it also emphasized the benefits of agricultural activity in an urban environment, the provision of food for citizens (therefore increasing access to affordable food), as well as social, environmental, and emotional benefits, hence the interest of its regulation and formalization. It is also important to notice that the NBS has been implemented in a top-down strategy, trying to relish more control for urban communities and educate locals first hand about the nature that surrounds them and how to connect with it in a healthy and sustainable way (6). No other data was provided.
Type of reported impacts
Expected impacts
Achieved impacts
Indicators
Some of the indicators used: Concentrations of metals and metalloids in soil (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Ta, V e Zn). The concentration of heavy metals in manure applied to crops. Concentrations of metals and metalloids in the water (5)
Environmental, social and economic impacts
Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
Regeneration, land-use and urban development
Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Voluntary work opportunities
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Positive distribution of NBS benefits
Improved access to green and/or blue spaces
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Collection of monitoring data at specific time intervals during the project to aid evaluation
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Measurements of biophysical aspects of the NBS (e.g. temperature, water flow)
Where can this data be accessed? Please include a link to a report or web-page.
https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/cidade_temas/ambiente/estrutura_ecologica/docum…
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Link to monitoring/evaluation reports
http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/fileadmin/VIVER/Ambiente/LNEC-CML-estudo-hortas-poluent…
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Web links relevant to the intervention
Lisbon: Nature-based Solutions (NBS) Enhancing Resilience through Urban Regener…
Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: Municipal Horticulture Parks,
Lisbon´s Green Plan Actions: Towards a Green City.
Evaluation report
Hortas Urbanas em Lisboa: da Importância Histórica ao Processo de Formalização …
List of references
(1) ConnectingNature (no date), Lisbon: Nature-based Solutions (NBS) Enhancing Resilience through Urban Regeneration, Available at https://connectingnature.eu/oppla-case-study/19462 (Accessed 21-6-2020).
(2) Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: Municipal Horticulture Parks , Available at https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/ambiente/estrutura-ecologica/parques-horticolas , (Accessed 26-7-2020)
(3) Mata, D. (2014) Lisbon´s Green Plan Actions: Towards a Green City. Abstract of the presentation on ‘Cost Action 1201 ‘Urban Allotment Gardens in European Cities - Future, Challenges and Lessons Learned’ at LNEC – 20th March 2014. Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Portugal. Available at: https://www.urbanallotments.eu/fileadmin/uag/media/Lisbon/Lisbon_report_NK8.pdf(Accessed 21-6-2020)
(4) Cost. Eu (no date), Urban Allotment Gardens, Available at: http://www.urbanallotments.eu/action-in-detail.html (Accessed 21-6-2020).
(5) Leitao, T., Henriques, M., Cameira, M. Morato, M., Rodrigo, I., Martins, M., Costa, H., Pacheco, J. (2016).AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DOS SOLOS, DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS E DAS ESPÉCIES HORTÍCOLAS EM HORTAS URBANAS DE LISBOA: Identificação de medidas de mitigação visando a proteção da saúde pública Relatório final. Available at:http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/fileadmin/VIVER/Ambiente/LNEC-CML-estudo-hortas-poluentes.pdf (Accessed 21-6-2020)

6 Madeira da Silva, T., Monte, M., (2014), Hortas Urbanas em Lisboa: da Importância Histórica ao Processo de Formalização Actual, Available at https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/8323/1/TMS%20e%20MM%20TEXTO%20COMPLETO%20com%20%20fotos%20a.pdf, (Accessed 26-7-2020)
Comments and notes
Pictures of the NBS
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