1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Makassar
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
Revitalizing Informal Settlements and their Environments (RISE) is one of the pilot projects carried out in the Batua neighbourhood (1.9 km2 area) of Makassar City (119 km2 area), province of South Sulawesi in Indonesia, which was commenced in 2017 and concluded in 2022 (1,2,3). Batua neighbourhood (six settlements of around 1,600 people) was the first demonstration site for this project which was completed in 2019 (3,4,5). The main challenge was that many households who lived in informal settlements lacked access to centralized urban infrastructure and faced threats from climate change (3,4). The project was proposed to reduce the impact of climate change on marginalized communities in Makassar by providing localized, water-sensitive interventions that addressed issues related to sanitation and water management (1,2,3,4). The introduction of water-sensitive solutions enabled targeted communities to recycle wastewater and rainwater, restore natural waterways, improve water quality, and reduce vulnerability to flooding (3,4). The RISE program initiative integrated nature-based solutions like wetland restoration, bio-filtration gardens (the process of using beneficial bacteria to clean water on a molecular level to remove contaminants), stormwater harvesting, filtration paths and new sanitation structures to improve wastewater management and diversify water resources through community-driven development (1,2,3,4).
Address

Makassar
90233
Indonesia

Area boundary
POINT (119.46057266089 -5.1496115260438)
POINT (119.47748268294 -5.1530657491698)
POINT (119.46687148651 -5.1633200658851)
POINT (119.4583615171 -5.1580882923424)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google Maps, available at https://www.google.com/maps/place/Batua,+Manggala,+Makassar+City,+South+Sulawesi,+Indonesia/@-5.1507499,119.4420103,14.63z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x2dbee321082487a9:0xcdbcd6f1182d7fe8!8m2!3d-5.1548644!4d119.4638912!16s%2Fg%2F1hc0hwvvr (accessed 01-03-2023)
Total area
199000000.00m²
NBS area
1900000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2017
End date of the intervention
2022
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- To reduce vulnerability to flooding and climate change in marginalized communities by adopting location-specific nature-based solutions
- To restore natural waterways and ecosystems
- To adopt water-sensitive approaches which address issues related to water management and sanitation through community engagement
- To create green space for water cleansing and food cultivation
- To strengthen the connection of blue-green infrastructure elements
- To promote human well-being by developing better community health with fewer infections and water-related diseases
- To develop access to centralized urban infrastructure in the project area (1,2,3,4).
Quantitative targets
- 6 settlements of around 1600 people to be provided with improved sanitation and water management solutions (first experimentation) (3,4,5).
Monitoring indicators defined
- increase in green areas
- improve in water quality
- access to urban infrastructure (1,2,3)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Implementation activities
The water-sensitive solutions implemented in this project included activities of wetland restoration, bio-filtration gardens, stormwater harvesting, filtration paths and new sanitation structures to improve wastewater management by rainwater harvesting through connections to the communal system and the development of other green spaces were implemented to improve the issues related to sanitation and water management (2,3,4,5). The project also involved the support of green areas for food cultivation (2).

The 1,400+ residents in the settlement in Makassar have continued to guide all the project work. Regular meetings with Community Engagement Councils were to keep residents informed of progress and also hear about their community’s changing needs and expectations of how to be involved in RISE. The Batua demonstration project was implemented using the full community co-design process as planned for the larger-scale intervention sites. The intensive co-design process took place in the Batua settlement in September 2017 and involved the entire community and government partners. (5)

Key activities with milestones included:
- Generation of appropriate water-sensitive design
- Development of capacity for operation and maintenance of water-sensitive infrastructure
- Generation of knowledge to inform the scaling up of the projects (6)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Community gardens and allotments
Allotments
Green areas for water management
Rain gardens
Sustainable urban drainage systems
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Cultural services
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Financial institution (e.g. bank, insurer, pension fund)
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
- The main RISE Program in South East Asia (locations - Makassar, Indonesia and Suva, Fiji) was conducted in partnership with Monash (University) Sustainable Development Initiative (Australia) for research and is part of an ongoing environmental and human health research funded by a grant from the charitable foundation named Wellcome Trust (UK).
- The overall RISE Project was financed through the Asia Development Bank (ADB), managed Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund and Southeast Asia Urban Services Facility (1,2,3,6).

The RISE Indonesia Project:
- The research is led by Hasanuddin University and led by the City of Makassar, with support from the Ministry of National Planning (BAPPENAS), the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, and the Indonesia Australia Partnership for Infrastructure (that provides technical assistance and advisory services to improve infrastructure policy, planning and delivery in response to agreed priorities)
- Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade funds the infrastructure intervention in Indonesia (1).

Other stakeholders include:
- NGO and Industry Partners/Companies: South East Water and Melbourne Water supports turning technical knowledge and best practice into action (water-sensitive and nature-based approaches)
- Engagement of targeted communities of the project area (1,3): 1,400+ residents in the settlement in Makassar have helped co-design the project work (5).
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Financial institution
Transnational network
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Government of Indonesia. 2014. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2015–2019. Jakarta; Government of Fiji. 2017. 5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan. Transforming Fiji. Suva (6)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Yes, the intervention mentions the city planning agenda and informal settlement policies but doesn't extrapolate. (7)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Yes, the intervention mentions the city planning agenda as well as informal settlement policies but doesn't extrapolate. (7)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
green areas for food cultivation (2)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
RISE is trialling a new water-sensitive approach to water and sanitation management in informal settlements across Makassar, Indonesia and Suva, Fiji. (1)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The neighbourhood upgrading and shelter sector project in Indonesia: Sharing knowledge on community-driven development. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2012.(6)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Financing for technical assistance is provided by the ADB-managed Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund and the Southeast Asia Urban Services Facility. The total amount is 196,000.00 US$ - 178,000 EUR from the Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund under the Urban Financing Partnership Facility and 329,000.00 US$ - 300,000 EUR from the Urban Environmental Infrastructure Fund under the Urban Financing Partnership Facility. (2) The entire project costs 2.5 mil. EUR (1)
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Business models
Please specify technological innovation
RISE project employs innovative water and sanitation approaches using decentralized green infrastructure to treat contaminated and polluted water through bio-filtration biologically (the process of using beneficial bacteria to clean water on a molecular level to remove contaminants). (2,6)
Please specify social innovation
From a governance perspective, land tenure, community engagement, social safeguards, and co-design are crucial elements that have been addressed during the project through participatory mechanisms with community members as well as the City of Makassar, and Rukun Warga (RW), Rukun Tetangga (RT), Kecamatan and Kelurahan levels of governance. (7)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
It is mentioned that this initiative is completely new for Indonesia. (2)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The governance innovation is being replicated in Rukun Warga (RW), Rukun Tetangga (RT), Kecamatan and Kelurahan. (7) Furthermore, it was mentioned that: "The groundbreaking activity at the demonstration site is expected to be an example of RISE activities at the other settlement areas in Makassar and become learning material for other districts and cities in Indonesia to solve environmental health problems in informal settlements." (4) The project will be replicated in six additional informal settlements in Makassar, through a grant from UCCRTF. (8)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Improved waste management and stormwater management: The project financed the construction of more than 4 kilometers (km) of drains to reduce flooding, 3.5 km of neighbourhood roads, and solid waste management facilities. (8) The project also provided protection against flooding by building a wetland area of 39+ sqm. (7)
Increased number of species present: Along with water quality and odour monitoring, the team was also checking for a range of insects in the wetlands. Dragonfly nymphs are among the species found as well as a variety of fish, frogs and other organisms, indicating the presence of a healthy and diverse ecosystem within the constructed wetlands treatment system. (7)
An undisclosed number of biofiltration gardens have been implemented in Batua, a neighbourhood of Makassar. (7,8)
Description of economic benefits
The government provided training and financial support to residents on how to grow and sell crops such as chillies and decorative plants. (8)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Increased involvement of locals: The 1,400+ residents in the settlement in Makassar have continued to guide all the project work. Regular meetings with Community Engagement Councils were to keep residents informed of progress and also hear about their community’s changing needs and expectations of how to be involved in RISE. The Batua demonstration project was implemented using the full community
co-design process as planned for the larger-scale intervention sites. The intensive co-design process took place in the Batua settlement in September 2017 and involved the entire community and government partners. (5)
Furthermore, in 2019, RISE organized Science Days that have been pivotal in bringing people and science together by bringing laboratory work outside and putting it into the hands of the community. During these workshops, residents identified soil and water samples they wanted to be tested, to get a sense for themselves of the health of their environment. RISE researchers also taught sampling skills like DNA extraction and bacteria identification. Science Days have been just as valuable for improving community knowledge about healthy environments. (5)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Size area of wetlands
Number of people impacted (7,8)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
"This year we supported our participating communities in Indonesia and Fiji through difficult times by delivering aid and essential resources. Coordinated by RISE Fiji Coordinator Isoa Vakarewa and RISE Indonesia Coordinator Fitriyanty Awaluddin, our compassionate staff delivered food packs and hygiene kits, along with COVID-safety messages. It doesn’t make up for chronic and lingering needs in the wake of the pandemic, but it is a symbolic demonstration of our commitment to the well-being of our partner communities". (7)
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. RISE. Monash Sustainable Development Institute, available at https://www.rise-program.org/about (accessed 01-03-2023)
2. Nature-based Solutions on the RISE in Makassar. Network Nature, available at https://networknature.eu/casestudy/23103 (accessed 01-03-2023)
3. Asian Development Bank. (2021). 100 Climate Actions from Cities in Asia and the Pacific. SPREP Virtual Library, Page 143, available at https://library.sprep.org/sites/default/files/2021-07/100-climate-actions-cities-asia-pacific.pdf (accessed 01-03-2023)
4. CRC for Water Sensitive Cities. (2018). RISE breaks ground in Makassar. Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities Ltd., available at https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/rise-breaks-ground-in-makassar/ (accessed 01-03-2023)
5. RISE. (2019). Building Global Momentum. RISE Annual Activity Report 2019. Monash Sustainable Development Institute, available at https://www.rise-program.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/2096207/RISE-Annual-Activity-Report-2019.pdf (accessed 01-03-2023)
6. Asian Development Bank. (2023). Regional: Revitalization of Informal Settlements and their Environments using a Water-Sensitive Approach. ADB, available at https://www.adb.org/projects/51290-001/main (accessed 01-03-2023)
7. RISE (2021), Stronger together RISE Annual Activity Report 2021, available at https://www.rise-program.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/2779166/RISE_Annual-Report-2021.pdf, (accessed 04-04-2023)
8. ADB, Slum-Upgrading Project Helps Reduce Poverty and Improve Livelihoods Across Indonesia, available at https://www.adb.org/results/slum-upgrading-project-reduce-poverty-improve-livelihoods-indonesia (accessed 04-04-2023)
Comments and notes
Comments
Kindly find details regarding project cost and impacts in given (Ref. 2,3,5,6)
Public Images
Image
Paved pathways and new green areas
Paved pathways and new green areas
Available at https://goexplorer.org/nature-based-solutions-are-on-the-rise-in-makassar/
Image
RISE Team on first demonstration site
RISE Team on first demonstration site
Available at https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/rise-breaks-ground-in-makassar/
Image
RISE Demonstration Site
RISE Demonstration Site
Available at https://www.rise-program.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/2096207/RISE-Annual-Activity-Report-2019.pdf
Image
Informal Settlements in Batua
Informal Settlements in Batua
Available at https://www.monash.edu/mada/research/rise
Image
Flooding in the neighbourhood of Batua in Makassar, Indonesia.
Flooding in the neighbourhood of Batua in Makassar, Indonesia.
Available at https://www.rise-program.org/archived/blog/gotong-royong-unity-and-resilience-in-makassars-informal-settlements-amid-a-pandemic