1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Munich
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Begrünungsbüro
Short description of the intervention
In 2014 a counselling office of the NGO Green City was established, entitled The Greening Office (Begrünungsbüro), with the objective of better engaging citizens in green adaptation measures, such as green roofs, green façades, green walls or green courtyards (Reference 1, 5). Financed by the City’s Department of Health and Environment, the project addresses climate change adaptation through greening private properties, achieved through counselling citizens and companies, with diverse outreach and networking activities. The NBS recognised the potential of the many unused private spaces, such as south-facing facades and flat roofs to better adapt to climate change across the entire city (Reference 1).
Address

Lindwurmstraße 88
Courtyard, 2nd rising, 5th floor
80337 Munich
Germany

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2008
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2013
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- Impact the whole city through a new approach towards buildings;
- Increase the number of private greening projects/measures;
- Increase green spaces for the citizens of Munich;
- Make Munich more lively, green, less dominated by cars, and to create space for nature and people in the city; (Reference 1)
- Climate change mitigation: reducing the CO2 emissions of buildings through the insulation that the green elements provide;
- Climate change adaptation: reduce the heat island effect (Reference 1, 5);
- With the message that "Every building can be landscaped", the Greening Office aims at providing expert recommendations on the greening possibilities from the planning phase of new construction, as well as the inclusion of green infrastructure in existing commercial and residential buildings (Reference 5).
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
Green elements on privately owned properties, such as green walls, green facades, green roofs, greening courtyards (Reference 1)
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Activities offered by the Greening Office:
- analysis,
- information,
- consulting,
- public relations,
- networking,
- professional recommendations/ guidance
- the realisation of concrete measures (Reference 1)
The number of green buildings across Munich was mapped (Reference 5).
Please specify other type of green wall
Unknown
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Green walls or facades
Balcony greens
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
House gardens
Green parking lots
Type of Green Wall
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Noise reduction
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Primary Beneficiaries
Please specify "other primary beneficiary"
Building owners, tenants, and private companies
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Since 2003, the city has sponsored an advice center, the "Greening Office" of the environmental organization Green City, with 100,000 euros a year. (Reference 7) The Greening Office was created through financing by the Department of Health and Environment, City of Munich and is co-financed by the NGO.
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Citizens or community group
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The City of Munich has introduced policies supporting the development and maintenance of green areas, including the urban development strategy (Munich, 2010 Ref. 2), its policy/guideline on ecological planning (Munich, 2012 Ref. 3), and the city’s climate protection strategy (IHKM, 2012 Ref. 4) (Ref.1).
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Urban development strategy (Munich, 2010), its policy/guideline on ecological planning (Munich, 2012), and the city’s climate protection strategy (IHKM, 2012) (Ref.1).
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
Climbing plants
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The project was financed by the Environment and Health Department, city of Munich.
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The total cost of the project is unknown. Funding from the local Environment and Health Department was €100,000/year between 2014 and 2017, but decreased to €50,000/year from 2018.
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
The Greening Office is a physical innovation, as it supports the creation of new green spaces, such as green roofs, green walls and facades, green courtyards and tree planting on private land to support public efforts, transforming the urban infrastructures into more sustainable green(er) areas. It also supports preserving existing greenery. (Ref. 1)
Please specify social innovation
The Greening Office was established within the NGO Green City, to support greening, citizen engagement and climate change adaptation. It operates through municipal funding and funding from the Green City, which is financed through membership fees and donations of individuals and enterprises. (Ref. 1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
There is a close collaboration between German cities for establishing and promoting private greening programs through Baureferat Gartenbau, which support city-to-city learning (Ref. 1)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Green roofs and green outdoor areas contribute to rainwater retention and thus to flood protection. (5) By increasing green areas in the city, the project has several environmental benefits, which were assessed in a report by the NGO (Reference 6). The project creates better air quality through enhanced filtering of pollutants and reduces noise exposure. Better insulation of the buildings contributes to climate change mitigation by a reduction in CO2 emissions. The increase in green space has provided habitats for species and has thus reduced biodiversity loss. (Reference 6)


Description of economic benefits
As part of the Green Office, full-time jobs were created and a significant number of volunteers joined the project. (Reference 5)
Description of social and cultural benefits
The project has increased overall awareness about greening buildings among citizens, with the creation of various number of greening projects which can be directly connected to the Greening Office. (Reference 1) According to the NGO's report about the effects of building greening, (Reference 6) these projects contribute to improved mental health of employees in a green workplace. Liveability of the city is also improved through benefits such as air quality and the reduction of the heat island effect. (Reference 5, 6)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- Number of buildings "greened". There were 18 large projects between 2014-2017. (Reference 7)

Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
Yes
Please specify the negative impacts
Concerns were raised in the municipality about the inefficacy of funding because of the apparent lack of results. The municipality was not pleased that between 2014 and 2017, only 18 greening projects have been realized. (Reference 7) Subsequently, funding for the project was cut in half.
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown (in August 2020)
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Impact assessment was done by measuring the results of communication and outreach activities of the Greening Office (such as information provision, consulting, public relations, networking, and giving professional recommendations) (Ref. 1) Some impact-creating activities that were evaluated includes the number of implemented projects, the number of contacts made, advise given, conferences attended, etc.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
Ref 1. Kiss, B., Wamsler, C. (2018) NATURVATION – Case Study Working Paper, Munich.
Ref 2. Munich. (2010). Perspective Munich: Strategies, Guidelines, Regulations. City of Munich, Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation. [online] (Unavailable in 2020)
Ref 3. Munich. (2012). Leitlinie Ökologie: Teil Klimawandel und Klimaschutz. City of Munich, Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation. [online] (Unavailable in 2020)
Ref 4. IHKM. (2012). Integriertes Handlungsprogramm Klimaschutz in München. Klimaschutzprogramm 2013. City of Munich. Available at: https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Gesundheit-und-Umwelt/Klimaschutz_und_Energie/Klimaschutzstrategie/IHKM.html#Fortschreibung [Accessed: 03 Aug. 2020]
5. Ref 5. GreenCity eV (2018) Greening office. [online] Available at: https://www.greencity.de/projekt/begruenungsbuero/ [Accessed: 04 Aug. 2020]
Reference 6: Green City. (2015). Vorteile der Gebäudebegrünung: Übersicht für die Münchner Stadtgesellschaft. Second edition. Available at: https://www.greencity.de/wp-content/uploads/B_Vorteile_Gebaeudebegruenung_Begruenungsbuero_web.pdf [Accessed: 03 Aug. 2020]
Reference 7: Suddeutsche.de. (2017) Magere Bilanz. [online]. Available at: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/bepflanzung-magere-bilanz-1.3737395 [Accessed: 03 Aug. 2020]
Comments and notes
Comments
I could not access Reference 1, but I found many other useful sources instead, which supported the same things that Reference 1 apparently did.
Public Images
Image
Greening Office: Green building
https://www.greencity.de/wp-content/uploads/2014-begruenungsbuero-borstei-1200x900.jpg
Image
Greening Office for Citizens
Greening Office for Citizens
Source: https://www.greencity.de/projekt/begruenungsbuero/
Image
Greening Office for Citizens
Greening Office for Citizens
Source: https://www.greencity.de/projekt/begruenungsbuero/
Image
Greening Office for Citizens
Greening Office for Citizens
Source: https://www.greencity.de/projekt/begruenungsbuero/