1. General information
2. Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
Transforming Putrajaya into a green city proves to be a complex action which requires complex goals, adapted to local realities and needs. PPJ categorised the environmental goals as follows:
1. To address negative environmental impacts such as increased temperature, increased carbon emissions resulting from human activities, as well as waste management through urban farming (community gardens), tree planting (Ref 3, 8).
2. To encourage human interactions with nature by integrating nature into the urban fabric (creation of a wetland, agriculture parks and botanical gardens) (Ref 2,3,6).
3. To improve water quality, manage stormwater (city-wide rainwater harvesting programme) and urban aesthetics thus incorporating specific roles for tourism, research, and education (Ref 2, 4).
4. To provide a habitat for birds and fish that enrich the biodiversity of Putrajaya (Ref 4).
5. To advocate for greener living practices which are promoted via the Education Programme and Awareness on Green Technology (Ref 1).
1. To address negative environmental impacts such as increased temperature, increased carbon emissions resulting from human activities, as well as waste management through urban farming (community gardens), tree planting (Ref 3, 8).
2. To encourage human interactions with nature by integrating nature into the urban fabric (creation of a wetland, agriculture parks and botanical gardens) (Ref 2,3,6).
3. To improve water quality, manage stormwater (city-wide rainwater harvesting programme) and urban aesthetics thus incorporating specific roles for tourism, research, and education (Ref 2, 4).
4. To provide a habitat for birds and fish that enrich the biodiversity of Putrajaya (Ref 4).
5. To advocate for greener living practices which are promoted via the Education Programme and Awareness on Green Technology (Ref 1).
Quantitative targets
The intervention has the following quantitative targets:
1. Reducing the daytime peak temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. (Ref 3)
2. Reducing the level of carbon emissions by 60% as compared to the level of business-as-usual by the year 2025. (Ref 3)
3. Reducing the final disposal of solid waste by 50% through solid waste management. (Ref 3)
4. Employing 38% of the area in becoming a green area and 600 hectares of the man-made lake into becoming a climate moderator (Ref 1)
5. Planting 900,000 trees in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, therefore producing 117 tonnes of oxygen a year while reducing carbon dioxide by 22 tonnes. (Ref 11)
6. Creating an agricultural heritage park of 35 hectares (Ref 6)
7. Creating 10 public parks, as of 1995, that are also eco-tourism destinations (Ref 7)
8. Encouraging over 30,000 people, primarily those who work for the government, to reside in the city as of 2007 (Ref 4)
1. Reducing the daytime peak temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. (Ref 3)
2. Reducing the level of carbon emissions by 60% as compared to the level of business-as-usual by the year 2025. (Ref 3)
3. Reducing the final disposal of solid waste by 50% through solid waste management. (Ref 3)
4. Employing 38% of the area in becoming a green area and 600 hectares of the man-made lake into becoming a climate moderator (Ref 1)
5. Planting 900,000 trees in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, therefore producing 117 tonnes of oxygen a year while reducing carbon dioxide by 22 tonnes. (Ref 11)
6. Creating an agricultural heritage park of 35 hectares (Ref 6)
7. Creating 10 public parks, as of 1995, that are also eco-tourism destinations (Ref 7)
8. Encouraging over 30,000 people, primarily those who work for the government, to reside in the city as of 2007 (Ref 4)
Monitoring indicators defined
1. Daytime temperature considered for reduction (Ref 3)
2. Level of carbon emissions to be reduced (Ref 3)
3. Amount of solid waste to be reduced (Ref 3)
4. Size of the green area benefiting from the action (Ref 1)
5. No. of trees planted (Ref 11)
6. No. of parks created (Ref 6, 7)
7. No. of people benefiting from the action (Ref 4)
2. Level of carbon emissions to be reduced (Ref 3)
3. Amount of solid waste to be reduced (Ref 3)
4. Size of the green area benefiting from the action (Ref 1)
5. No. of trees planted (Ref 11)
6. No. of parks created (Ref 6, 7)
7. No. of people benefiting from the action (Ref 4)
Sustainability challenge(s) addressed
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Putrajaya was developed as a city starting in 1995. Throughout the years, the city transformed itself into a green city through many local governmental initiatives. For example, in 1997 the Putrajaya wetland has been constructed with the purpose of treating catchment water resulting from the Putrajaya Lake. The Putrajaya Wetland was formed with 24 cells, divided into six arms. All arms except one discharge to the Wetland, before flowing into Putrajaya Lake. Eco-parks and botanical gardens were constructed starting in 2003 (Ref 2,10). Starting in 2008 community gardens were implemented through public consultations with the help of volunteers (Ref 8). Starting in 2021 PPJ initiated the tree planting programme that aimed at reaching 900k trees (both Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya). It was claimed that the Ministry of Federal Territories (of which PPJ is a part) would identify more species of trees suitable for the city's climate, with priority given to native species. The same authority urged stakeholders, including city folk, to cooperate to ensure the success of the initiative, while reminding them not to damage or cut down the planted trees (Ref 11). Additionally, the project created sports areas for the locals to use and relax (Ref 1). The project also created an urban birding hotspot at Putrajaya Wetland Park, which hosts more than 200 birds. This place also serves as a birdwatching space for tourists and promotes ecotourism. Furthermore, an 18-meter observation tower or walk along the nature trails along with a few bicycle lanes were created to encourage people to connect more with nature and to promote sustainability (Ref 7).
Type of NBS project
3. NBS domains, ES and scale
4. Governance and financing
5. Innovation
Type of innovation
Please specify system innovation
The initiative has a system innovation component, one that doesn't specifically refer to nature-based solutions. The ICT infrastructural innovation comprises the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and other information and communication technology (ICT) innovations that Putrajaya Corporation can use to propel the city further into becoming a global model city (1). The action was implemented under Agenda 21, a program and action plan towards achieving sustainable development. Local Agenda 21 provides opportunities and awareness to communities and stakeholders to be involved in program programs towards sustainable development (Ref 12).
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Some of the ICT innovations are completely new for Malaysia, the e-government concept being one of them. E-gov is the use of technological communications devices, such as computers and the Internet, to provide public services to citizens and other persons in a country or region. (Ref 1)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
It is ambiguous if the innovation is transferred to further initiatives; however, Putrajaya was expected to be a pioneer township in Green Technology as a showcase for the development of other townships. (Ref 1)
