1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Quezon City
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
SM City North EDSA Sky Garden
Short description of the intervention
The green roof development forms a 400-meter-long floating green ribbon above the SM North EDSA mall in Quezon City, Philippines. [3] It boasts a 15000m2 area filled with 55 species of native trees, bushes, and flowers that thrive in the local climate, and it relies on stored rainwater runoff to sustain its plant life. Visitors can access the mall via entrances located within the garden's openings and tunnels leading to shops and cafes nestled beneath the botanical landscape. A meandering pathway guides visitors through the space, which features various entertainment options. The garden provides a unique and innovative space for mall-goers and city dwellers to relax and interact with nature. [1,2]
Address

Quezon City
Philippines

Area boundary
POINT (121.02879051386 14.656491994978)
POINT (121.02954153237 14.655952248804)
POINT (121.03257242848 14.655267184438)
POINT (121.03271190335 14.655723894253)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
https://earth.google.com/web/@14.65605922,121.03058893,34.8616769a,716.16918543d,35y,0h,0t,0r
Total area
27870.90m²
NBS area
15500.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
parking structure and multi-modal bus transport center [1]
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2009
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
2011
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The Sky Garden was created with the following objectives:
- Serve as a living, organic link between the different components of the mall;
- Utilise native species of plants ;
- Store and use rainwater to maintain plants and car park maintenance;
- Bring customers closer to nature;
- Offer mall-goers interaction opportunities to meet with family and friends, to relax and rest;
- Provide noise mitigation from busy roads;
- Counteract global warming as roof gardens are known to reduce the effects of urban heat islands;
- Contribute to decreasing the ambient temperature along the portion of north EDSA;
- Save up to 20 percent in air-conditioning costs;
- Create jobs from various tenants. [1,2]
Quantitative targets
- Save up to 20 percent in air-conditioning costs [1]
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Climate change mitigation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
In 2009, the outdoor park spanning almost 15,000 square meters was created by ArquitectonicaGEO for SM Prime Holdings Inc. to serve as the main entrance to SM North EDSA, the second-largest shopping mall in the Philippines. [1] The Sky Garden has a curvilinear design with lush greenery and is a 400-meter green roof development that connects the four buildings of SM North EDSA via an elevated walkway that resembles a park. The garden also includes covered pathways that wind around a river feature and berms that house shops and cafes nestled beneath a sculpted botanical landscape. The roof garden is made up of approximately 55 plant species, including trees, grass, and other plants, all grown on a special lightweight soil that does not add weight to the structure. It was designed to mitigate the effects of urban heat islands and is expected to help reduce the ambient temperature in the area where it is located. Additionally, the garden features a specialized drainage system that conserves water. Rainwater is collected, recycled, and used for landscaping and car park maintenance purposes. [2,3]
The Sky Garden offers several other attractions, such as an aviary, an amphitheatre, and a lagoon, all thematically linked by water features, including ponds, fountains, and a 25-meter-wide waterfall that cools the garden. The location of the waterfalls also provides effective noise mitigation from the nearby road and bus depot for visitors to the park and the retail/dining area located above it. In addition, the garden's landscape incorporates sculptural objects that can serve as seating or playground equipment for children. To maintain the unique space dynamics and a cosy atmosphere for the people, the commercial establishments occupy only 15% of the total floor area. [3,4]
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Vegetation Type
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
man-made waterfall, simulated river, fountains
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Flood regulation
Mediation of smell / noise / visual impacts
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
SM Prime Holdings Inc. planned and funded the project [2] and implemented it with the help of ArquitectonicaGEO, an architectural company [1].
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
The Sky Garden at SM City North EDSA, which is a first in the Philippines, is a noteworthy showcase of the company’s innovative thinking. Utilizing the latest in green architecture, the Sky Garden brings our customers closer to nature and, at the same time, contributes to environmental conservation (Ref. 2)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The Sky Garden is expected to be serving as a model for future urban, cultural and economic development projects.(Ref. 1)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Lowered local temperature: The garden is expected to reduce the effects of ‘urban heat islands’ and potentially decrease the ambient temperature along the portion of north EDSA where it is located.(Ref. 2)

Reduced noise exposure: The waterfall is located in the front of the complex and provides strong noise mitigation from the road and bus depot for the visitors to the park and retail/dining destination above. (Ref. 1)

Improved stormwater management: The mostly-native landscape is designed to thrive in its climate, subsisting primarily on rainwater runoff, which is stored on-site. (Ref. 1) The green roof retains rainwater and slowly releases these into an area’s existing stormwater infrastructure that catches rainwater which is subsequently recycled for landscaping and car park maintenance. (Ref. 2)

Increased green space area: 400-meter green roof development, which boasts of an elevated walkway with a park-like ambience that connects the four buildings of SM City North EDSA (Ref. 2)

Promotion of naturalistic landscape design: The Sky Garden serves as a model for future urban, cultural and economic development projects.(Ref. 1)

Increased number of species: 55 species of plants, grass and trees. (Ref. 3) All these plant species are planted on a special type of garden soil which offers a lightweight effect on the structure. The garden has a special type of drainage system that allows it to conserve water.
Description of economic benefits
Increase of jobs: The opening of the Sky Garden in SM City North EDSA has also resulted in economic benefits. Many jobs were created when its various tenants hired new employees. (Ref. 2)
Reduce financial costs for urban management: Recent studies have shown that roof gardens realize up to 20 percent savings in air-conditioning costs. If the current ground-level car park below the Sky Garden is converted into an enclosed, air-conditioned shopping area, the savings in power costs will be very substantial. (Ref. 2) By retaining rainwater and slowly releasing these into an area’s existing stormwater infrastructure, roof gardens reduce the cost of plumbing design and systems. This makes roof gardens a cost-effective means to flood reduction due to their unique, environment-friendly features. Moreover, in the case of the Sky Garden, it catches rainwater that is subsequently recycled for landscaping and car park maintenance. (Ref. 2)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Improved access to urban green space/ Increased opportunities for social interaction: The Sky Garden offers mall-goers a serene, safe, and innovative venue, where they can gather among family and friends to grasp and enjoy nature while going about their usual dining, shopping, entertainment, and leisure activities (Ref. 2)
Increased opportunities for marginalised groups: family-friendly park right beside the mall.The Sky Garden also considers the needs of PWD (persons with disability) customers. (Ref. 4)
Improved mental health/Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: The Sky Garden allows countless city dwellers a much-needed, stress-free opportunity to relax and unwind through a picturesque and unique interaction with nature (Ref. 2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
[1] Architizer (2015). SM City North EDSA Sky Garden by ArquitectonicaGEO. [online] Architizer. Available at: https://architizer.com/projects/sm-city-north-edsa-sky-garden/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
[2] Philstar (2009). SM North Edsa’s ‘Sky Garden’ brings greener environment. [online] Philstar.com. Available at: https://www.philstar.com/business/2009/06/11/476026/sm-north-edsas-sky-garden-brings-greener-environment [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
[3] Designcurial (2009). SM unveils Sky Garden at SM City North Edsa mall in Philippines - DesignCurial. [online] www.designcurial.com. Available at: https://www.designcurial.com/news/sm-unveils-sky-garden-at-sm-city-north-edsa-mall-in-philippines [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
[4] Uy, J. (2009). A Garden in the Sky. [online] Let’s go Sago. Available at: https://www.letsgosago.net/2009/05/sky-garden-sm-city-north-edsa/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
[5] ArquitectonicaGeo (n.d.). SM North EDSA Sky Garden. [online] ArquitectonicaGEO. Available at: https://arquitectonicageo.com/project/sm-mall-of-asia-2/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
SM Sky Garden
SM Sky Garden
https://architizer.com/projects/sm-city-north-edsa-sky-garden/
Image
SM Sky Garden Waterfalls
SM Sky Garden Waterfalls
https://architizer.com/projects/sm-city-north-edsa-sky-garden/