1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Raipur
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
Raipur city is known as the seventh-most polluted city in the world (2, 3, 4). In response to the escalating problem of air pollution and its public health effects, the state of Chhattisgarh in India has envisioned the creation of a verdant and healthy natural space for urban inhabitants in the heart of Raipur - the Oxi-zone (3).This project acts as the 'Breathing lungs for Raipur' (1, 2). Approximately 19 acres of land were allocated to create an ‘oxy-zone’, including the demolition of buildings to plant trees in their place (1, 2, 4). Inspired by the iconic Central Park of New York City, and suggested by a local citizen group, the Oxi-zone aims to transform this area into a thriving habitat for diverse species of trees and plants, which will also provide water bodies to replenish the groundwater in the vicinity (2, 3, 4). In summary, this project is an integrated green space, enabling residents to relax, meditate and exercise within the “shadow of nature” (3, 4).
Address

Raipur 492004
India

Area boundary
POINT (81.64481443074 21.248845991)
POINT (81.646028335543 21.248382748992)
POINT (81.646128697752 21.24759879766)
POINT (81.645547595616 21.246821944021)
POINT (81.645631457026 21.24553856353)
POINT (81.646336692437 21.245171471327)
POINT (81.646312579802 21.244729483912)
POINT (81.646774738632 21.244579657369)
POINT (81.646694363183 21.244265021133)
POINT (81.644950215948 21.244692027291)
POINT (81.644796558382 21.247727056448)
POINT (81.64441434127 21.247721423836)
POINT (81.644374677087 21.248480196272)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google Earth Pro Image, available at https://www.google.com/maps/search/oxy+zone+raipur/@21.2467645,81.6444774,16.92z (accessed 18-01-2023)
Total area
76890.30m²
NBS area
76890.30m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Commercial buildings - Government office buildings
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2017
End date of the intervention
2020
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
- To provide Raipur city with its much-needed breeze and cleaner air
- To create a 'Micro-Forest' in the heart of Raipur city and to maintain the green balance in the city
- To develop a home for diverse species of trees and plants, which especially generate large quantities of oxygen
- To develop water bodies to recharge groundwater levels, and restore existing lakes and ponds in the city
- To offer recreational spaces for the urban inhabitants
- To develop Raipur city as an example of effective environmental conservation (1,2,3,4)
Quantitative targets
Unknown
Monitoring indicators defined
- Percentage of green areas in the city
- Air quality-related indicators
- Easy access for local inhabitants to a green urban area (1,2,3,4).
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The Oxyzone Project was implemented by the Chhattisgarh State Forest Development Corporation Limited as a much-needed green lung for Raipur City (1, 2). The project led to the creation of an urban forest in the heart of the city, with the government choosing to dismantle infrastructure and forego a plot of land worth Rs 1,000 crore for the project. (6) This previously built-up area, which had no lawns or manicured gardens, is now home to trees, plants, and ponds for groundwater recharge (1, 2). The plantation drive of 5000 trees took place in two stages, with the first stage covering 12 acres of green space and the second stage covering 7 acres (1). The plantation included specific species of trees and ornamental plants that provide maximum oxygen, such as Banyan trees (1, 4). The project also created human-made water bodies and revived existing lakes and ponds to increase the availability of groundwater (Ref. 2) and planted saplings on roadsides, traffic dividers and other available lands as a flood prevention measure for the monsoon season (Ref. 4). The created area also offers a range of recreational activities such as walking and jogging pathways, meditation and yoga zones, children's play areas, and open gyms (1, 2, 3, 4). Additionally, an Oxy-Reading Zone was created, which serves as an indoor-outdoor library and study nook for students and reading enthusiasts to read, learn, and engage in a verdant environment (1, 4).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Lakes/ponds
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
More than 5000
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
Oxy-Reading Zone
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Primary Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Oxy-zone project was led by the Government of Chhattisgarh (regional government) and by the District Collector and his team (local government), primarily to improve the air quality of the city by planting more trees (1,2). Raipur District Administration also plays a role in promoting greenery in the city and reviving local lakes and ponds (4).
The project was implemented on the ground by the Chhattisgarh State Forest Development Corporation Limited (CSFDCL), a company created under the Companies Act, and established by the Government of Chhattisgarh (Regional Government) (1).
Despite the local government being the initiating actor and being responsible for the implementation of the project, "the idea for this oxy-zone, came from a citizens group", and the "Raipur District Collector took this wish of the people to the Chief Minister of Chattisgarh Raman Singh", who decided to consider the idea and develop a plan for the intervention (6).
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Local government/municipality
Citizens or community group
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Please specify other participatory methods
Project ideation: A local citizen group suggested the idea of the project (Ref. 6).
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
App. Rs 11 crore- 1,242,007 Euros (Ref. 7).
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
App. Rs 11 crore- 1,242,007.58 Euros (Ref. 7).
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
The motto of the District Collector of Raipur (Omprakash Choudhary) was “We are planting trees wherever land is available", and this decision is widely considered an innovative and bold approach to land use and green space creation in area where there wasn't "even no land was available!" (Ref. 6). "Right in the heart of the city where heavy traffic passes through, where 70 odd government buildings stood, and where a huge commercial project was being proposed", the local government decided to dismantle all of this infrastructure to create a large urban forest. "The government decided to forego a plot of land worth Rs 1,000 crore and a commercial project that would have brought in huge profits to do something right." (Ref. 6).
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The Chhattisgarh State Government is considered to have taken a bold and unprecedented decision to dismantle several quarters and offices in the city's central area to create the oxy-zone (Ref. 1). However, the structure behind the oxy-zone was inspired by New York City’s Central Park (Ref. 2).
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
-Improved water quality: The project also worked on de-silting and restoring 28 ponds in the city that were polluted with sewage water (Ref. 2, 3).
-Improved stormwater management & flooding: The project also created human-made water bodies and revived existing lakes and ponds, aimed to replenish the groundwater in the vicinity of the oxy-zone, increasing the availability of water (Ref. 2). Also, roadsides, traffic dividers, and wherever land is available, the saplings are being planted as a flood prevention measure for the monsoon season (Ref. 4).
-Improved air quality: One of the main goals of the project was to create the green lungs of the city, through a substantial increase in tree cover. Besides tree plantation to improve air quality, the government also enforced new measures that effectively reduce the pollution caused by coal industries, and vehicular emission tests are also made stringent (Ref. 2).
-Increased green space area: 5000 trees were planted with the oxy-zone project, with a total of 19 acres of newly green space area (Ref. 1).
-Promotion of naturalistic styles of landscape design for urban development & Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems: "So far, 95% of the government office buildings that the 18-acre land once housed have been demolished and no new buildings are to be constructed. " (Ref. 2).
-Increased number of species present: Saplings of various native forest tree species have been selected (Ref. 7), and the plantation included choosing specific species of trees and other ornamental species which provide maximum oxygen (mainly Banyan trees) (Ref. 1,4).
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Improved access to urban green space: The project was created with the idea of creating an opportunity for people to be in contact with nature, particularly in the central city area where green space cover is low (Ref. 3).
-Improved physical health: Amongst news by the World Health Organisation (WHO) stating that Raipur had become the seventh worst city in India, and it was also in the list of top twenty polluted cities in the world, the government envisioned the creation of the oxy-zone as an opportunity to improve local air quality and thus improve local's physical well-being (Ref 1, 3). "Being close to the nature, the Central Park will offer a healthy environment to its residents" (Ref. 3).
-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: The project created opportunities for cycling, jogging, running, meditation, yoga and other exercises. "Water bodies, museum, small zoo and dairy will add new dimension in the park that will come up in the urban environment" (Ref. 3).
-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: Building on the success of the project in creating new green space, the government also places emphasis on local citizen awareness and considers it an equally essential aspect to help the sustainable progress of Raipur (Ref. 4).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number and types of trees planted (Ref. 1)
Green space area created (Ref. 1)
Number of water bodies created or re-converted (Ref 2)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Skoch Award Nominee. (2017). Oxyzone Raipur. Chhatisgarh State Forest Development Corporation Ltd., available at https://exhibition.skoch.in/beacon-of-hope/chhattisgarh-state-forest-development-corporation-limited/ (accessed 18-01-2023)
2. Krish, Sakshi. (2021). Raipur’s Growing An 18 Acre ‘Oxy-Zone’ Forest Right In The Heart Of The City. HOMEGROWN Explore, available at https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/raipurs-growing-an-18-acre-oxy-zone-forest-right-at-the-heart-of-the-city (accessed 18-01-2023)
3. Kaiser, Ejaz. (2017). Urban Raipur to breathe clean air with a replica of New York’s central park. The New Indian Express, available at https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2017/jun/04/urban-raipur-to-breathe-clean-air-with-a-replica-of-new-yorks-central-park-1612559.html (accessed 18-01-2023)
4. Gupta, Surbhi. (2017). Raipur Authorities Demolish 70 Buildings; Pave Way For An Oxy-Zone. PROPTIGER, available at https://www.proptiger.com/guide/post/raipur-authorities-demolish-70-buildings-pave-way-for-an-oxy-zone (accessed 18-01-2023)
5. Raipur. Government of Chhattisgarh. (2023). OXY Reading Zone. National Informatics Center, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India, available at https://raipur.gov.in/gallery/oxy-reading-zone/ (accessed 25-01-2023)
6. The Better India (2017) While the World Fells Trees to Construct Buildings, Raipur Demolishes Buildings to Make a Forest, available at https://www.thebetterindia.com/104935/raipur-oxyzone-natural-forest/ (accessed 24-03-2023)
7. Etvharat (2020) Chhattisgarh CM Bhupesh Baghel inaugurates oxy zone in Raipur, available at https://www.etvbharat.com/english//state/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-cm-bhupesh-baghel-inaugurates-oxy-zone-in-capital-city/na20200703063045393 (accessed 24-03-2023)
Comments and notes
Comments
Kindly find few details regarding financial cost of the project in given (ref. 4).
Public Images
Image
Pond for water recharge at Oxyzone
Pond for water recharge at Oxyzone
Available at https://in.worldorgs.com/catalog/raipur/amusement-park/oxyzone
Image
Oxyzone Park Entrance
Oxyzone Park Entrance
Captured from YouTube, available at https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23raipurcityoxyzonepark
Image
Mini Forest by Tree Plantations
Mini Forest by Tree Plantations
Available at https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/raipur-becomes-india-s-first-city-to-build-a-micro-forest-wants-to-create-an-oxy-zone-324085.html
Image
Indoor and Outdoor Library
OXY Reading Zone
By Chhattisgarh Forest Development Corporation Ltd., available at https://raipur.gov.in/gallery/oxy-reading-zone/