1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Utrecht
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Willem-Alexanderpark
Short description of the intervention
The Willem Alexander Park is the first roof park of Utrecht and is built on a highway tunnel (the A2 highway) and includes meeting areas, sports and activities and a community garden that contributes to social cohesion. It also allows for cultural development by creating spaces for art and culture and includes a sustainable drainage system (ref. 1, 2). In addition, the Willem Alexanderpark is the first park in which almost two hectares consists of prairie plantings (ref. 2).
The park is intersected by the roads between the City road and Leeuwenstein-North. Each segment between the roads has its own thematic program, appropriate to the size and location in the urban context. The themes are:
– connect & meet
– art & culture
– sports & games
– nature & education
– food & drinks (ref. 4)
Address

Palmsuikerweg
3514BD Utrecht
Netherlands

Area boundary
POINT (5.0742421273928 52.08658154062)
POINT (5.0707016115763 52.086370578599)
POINT (5.069607270324 52.082704954269)
POINT (5.0741133813631 52.082362110698)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Source: https://www.google.com/maps/place/willem+alexanderpark,+Stadsbaan+Leidsche+Rijn,+3541+BD+Utrecht,+Netherlands/@52.0839313,5.0687704,894m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x47c66f841f256aed:0xd630a6dbd91183c0!2swillem+alexanderpark,+Stadsbaan+Leidsche+Rijn,+3541+BD+Utrecht,+Netherlands!3b1!8m2!3d52.0865956!4d5.0740705!3m4!1s0x47c66f841f256aed:0xd630a6dbd91183c0!8m2!3d52.0865956!4d5.0740705
Total area
80000.00m²
NBS area
80000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
The roof of the A2 tunnel in Leidsche Rijn (ref. 2).
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2007
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2011
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The main goals of the park are to promote social cohesion and to create a connecting ecological green zone (ref. 2)
Social cohesion is promoted by meeting spots and a community garden with fruit trees (ref. 2)
Biodiversity: the vegetation provides habitat for varies species including butterflies, bees and birds and by connecting the green zone to other green zones in the city, the mobility of species is supported (ref. 2)
Pollination: habitat for bees is provided (ref. 2)
Aesthetic appreciation and inspiration of art (ref. 1, 2)
Recreation: the park allows for activities such as fruit picking, playing and resting (ref. 2)
Quantitative targets
A total of 135.000 plants (ref. 1)
Almost two hectares of 'prairie vegetation' (vegetation that is intentionally left creating more nature-like vegetation) (ref. 2)
28 fruit trees are planted (ref. 2)
Monitoring indicators defined
The quality of the park should maintain at least a level 6, as defined in the Quality Instrument of Public Spaces by the municipality of Utrecht [2]
Access to green urban areas should increase [2]
Public participation in maintenance of the green space should increase [2]
Number of plants [1]
ha of prairie vegetation [2]
amount of fruit trees [2]
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
Meeting areas which allows citizens to communicate
Spaces that allow for cultural development
Habitat for butterflies, bees and birds that allow for biodiversity and pollination
Sustainable drainage system that provides water to the park, which includes sand channels and water storing elements in the soil (ref. 2)
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Green corridors and green belts
Green areas for water management
Sustainable urban drainage systems
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
picnic tables, trash cans, pavements, public space for gardening, picking gardens
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Medicinal resources
Regulating services
Pollination
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Not available in the resources
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Green Structure Plan (Groenstructuurplan) of 2007, the park is one of the dedicated green zones within this plan [2,3]
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Green Structure Plan (Groenstructuurplan) of 2007, the park is one of the dedicated green zones within this plan [2,3]
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
flowers, herbs, Purple flowering plants, woody plants, indigenous prairie, consisting of herbs, ornamental grasses, perennials, bulbous plants and groups of ornamental shrubs, edible herb plants, green lawn, hayland, meadows (ref. 2)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Only maintenance and removal costs were identified
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
It is the first roof park on a high way tunnel in Utrecht [2]
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The park can be considered novel as it is a park that is created on top of a highway tunnel and therefore, the drainage is exceptional as it includes sand grooves and water capturing elements in the soil in order for the vegetation to grow in dry times. This way, the drainage system works as self-regulating irrigation system that does not require elaborate maintenance [2]
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
- The project is expected to help with water management, as the water supply of the park is regulated by an extensive drainage system, sand trenches in the soil profile and the addition of special moisture-binding components in the soil package. The soil profile works as a sustainable self-regulating moisture system (ref. 2). The drainage system must have sufficient drainage capacity to prevent acidification and leaching of the soil (ref. 2).
- Ecology is of paramount importance in the park. This is evident from, among other things, the attention that has been paid to native hay pasture vegetation. In addition, there are many host plants between the ornamental plants that stimulate the development of native fauna. Flying animal species can reach this park well, crawling animal species less well. Apart from the height, the lack of water in the park is also a problem for certain species. The park is a core area for birds, insects and small mammals. More nesting areas in the park are available for these species (ref. 2). The model Common Blue is suitable for flying small animal species, such as various types of butterflies. The landscape consists of stepping stones of dry and flowery grassland. Mantle, hem and thickets vegetation are present here. The stepping stones are at least 10 m 2 and are maximum a kilometer apart. Hedgehogs and bush birds are companion species within this model (ref. 2)
- Solitary bees pollinate over 80% of all plants in the Netherlands and are therefore clearly the most important species. Nesting facilities for these critters have been created in several places in the park. Small insect hotels are built into the seating elements (ref. 2)
- Known shrub birds in the park are: tits, finches, pigeons, thrushes and corvids (ref. 2)
- The strong wind has been taken into account in the planning phase. A smaller tree size has been planted in the park than usual. Over time, small trees form tensile roots faster than large trees. Thanks to the draw roots, many gusts of wind are caught on it, which limits the possible damage (ref. 2)
-Mowing management, cleaning up waste, loss (maintenance), tree pruning and monitoring. Released waste is processed and disposed of in a responsible manner (ref. 2)
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
- The park offers space for sports, recreation, nature, tranquility and social cohesion (ref. 2)
- Accessible parks attract the most visitors and this is where social cohesion gets off the ground first. In the most optimal situation, there is an attractive pedestrian-friendly entrance every 100 meters (ref. 2)
- The picking garden is managed at a higher level than the rest of the park. This is necessary to enable social cohesion and neighborhood participation (ref. 2)
- Children can play or lie on the grass here. It is also a place where small-scale events, flea markets and theater performances can take place (ref. 2)
- The construction playground becomes 5,000 m² and focuses on the age category 4-12 years. There is green space and parking facilities in every residential block. The residents therefore have a large amount of greenery in their immediate living environment.
The primary school 'Op de groenalm' has twelve classrooms at its disposal and can accommodate about 300 children (ref. 2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of species present; area covered by green infrastructure; pollination potential, water quality (Ref. 2).
Analysis of specific impact categories
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 29 July 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Quality Instrument for Public Space by the municipality of Utrecht (ref. 2)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Green Structure Plan (1.19 MB) 1.19 MB
List of references
1. Gemeente Utrecht. (n.d.). Willem-Alexanderpark. [online] Available at: https://www.utrecht.nl/wonen-en-leven/parken-en-groen/parken-en-plantsoenen/willem-alexanderpark/ (Accessed 28 July 2020)
2. Gemeente Utrecht. (2014). Beheerplan Willem Alexanderpark. Utrecht: Municipality of Utrecht. [pdf] Available at: https://www.utrecht.nl/fileadmin/uploads/documenten/wonen-en-leven/parken-en-groen/parken-en-plantsoenen/willem-alexanderpark/Willem-Alexanderpark-beheerplan.pdf (Accessed 28 July 2020)
3. Gemeente Utrecht (2007). Groenstructuurplan Utrecht. Utrecht: Municipality of Utrecht. [pdf] Available at: https://omgevingsvisie.utrecht.nl/fileadmin/uploads/documenten/zz-omgevingsvisie/thematisch-beleid/groen/2007-05-groenstructuurplan.pdf (Accessed 28 July 2020)
4. Willian Alexander Park. (2010-2012). DS. Available at: https://www.dsla.nl/en/projecten/willem-alexander-park/ (Accessed 28 July 2020)
5. World Landscape Architect (2015) Willem Alexander Park | Utrecht, The Netherlands | Team DS. Avaialble at: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/willem-alexander-park-utrecht-the-netherlands-team-ds/#.X8S8-KrdvPA (Accessed 30 November 2020)
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Willem Alexander Park
Willem Alexander Park
Source: Ref. 4
Image
Willem Alexander Park
Willem Alexander Park
Source: Ref. 4
Image
Willem Alexander Park
Willem Alexander Park
Source: Ref. 4
Image
Willem Alexander Park
Willem Alexander Park
Source: Ref. 4