1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Zaragoza
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Jardin Vertical de las Delicias
Short description of the intervention
"After the intervention, the 530 square metres of the block of land have been turned into a new public square with a metal structure over fifteen metres high which is the support of a hanging garden. The structure is attached to the two flank walls facing on to the square in such a way that it completely conceals them. Beneath the ground level of the square, there is a basement housing the new offices of the neighbourhood association, which is responsible for the environmental management of the garden and its use as an educational space." (Ref. 2)
Address

Calle Caspe, 4
50017 Zaragoza
Spain

Total area
1786.00m²
NBS area
530.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2002
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2007
End date of the intervention
2008
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
"The neighbourhood of Las Delicias is the most densely populated of Zaragoza. In the 1950s and 1960s, the arrival of immigrants coming from rural zones of all over Spain swiftly gave rise to disorderly growth in the district’s urban fabric, which has been affected ever since by a manifest lack of facilities, green zones and landmark places." (Ref. 2) This NBS intervention aims to address the increasing population density, aggravating social conflict and hastening physical deterioration of buildings in the Las Delicias neighbourhood by:
- increasing the green zones in the neighbourhood (Ref. 2)
- "...convert[ing] the vacant lot left by the demolished building into a public space." (Ref. 2)
- "...us[ing] the surface of this land tangential to its main street to establish a representative place that could become a meeting point for the community, a leisure space and one of social integration and relationship with nature." (Ref. 2)
Quantitative targets
1 786 m2 of rehabilitated space through a vertical garden (ref 2)
Monitoring indicators defined
m2 of rehabilitated space through a vertical garden (ref 2)
Implementation activities
"Las Delicias neighbourhood association sponsored in 2007 a project to convert the vacant lot left by the demolished building into a public space." (Ref.2)
Proposal presented in 2005 by Asociacion de Vecinos Manuel Viola et. al (Ref.1)
Metal structure with hanging garden (Ref. 2)
Series of ramps and a lift to reach the garden (Ref. 2)
Beneath ground level: new offices of the neighbourhood association, which is responsible for the environmental management of the garden and its use as an educational space. (Ref. 2)
Botany classes are given and art installations are exhibited. (Ref. 2)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Balcony greens
Other
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Please specify "other external building green"
hanging garden (ref. 2)
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Mediation of smell / noise / visual impacts
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Territorial cohesion strategy (Ref. 1): The project was implemented within the Revitasud-Interreg project (European Union ERDF Funds project) in line with the territorial cohesion objectives. (ref 1)
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Manuel Viola Neighborhood Association sponsored the project (Ref. 2) and was in charge of maintenance of the project (Ref. 5)
The City of Zaragoza supported the project and provided some maintenance. (Ref. 2, 8)
Grupo de Estudios en Ordenación del Territorio (GEOT), University of Zaragoza provided technical support for proposals to revive neighborhoods as part of the EU's Revitasud-Interreg project (Ref.1)
EU provided ERDF funds for intervention (Ref. 1); The project was implemented within the Revitasud-Interreg project (European Union ERDF Funds project) in line with the territorial cohesion objectives. (ref 1)
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
EU body
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Researchers/university
Citizens or community group
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
The project was implemented within the Revitasud-Interreg project (European Union ERDF Funds project) in line with the territorial cohesion objectives. (ref 1)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
Pilot plan Revita-Sud: the Socio-urban study of the Delicias Neighborhood (2005). (Ref 1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
Revita-Sud, part of larger EU project for which Zaragoza had its specific plans targeting the las Delicias neighbourhood and the Las Fuentes neighbourhood. (Ref. 3)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
hanging garden with more than 80 different plant species (ref. 2)
"green zones and landmark places." (Ref. 2)
vertical garden (ref 2)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The project was developed within the Revitasud-Interreg project (Ref. 1)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The plan is based on a research project focusing on urban organization, transport, urban infrastructure, among others with an environmental concern and assessing their replicability in the public and private sector. (Ref. 1)
Grupo de Estudios en Ordenación del Territorio (GEOT), University of Zaragoza (Ref.1)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Project received EU ERDF funds (ref 3)
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
1 319 000 euro (Ref.2)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
1 319 000 euro (Ref.2)
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
" the Las Delicias garden confronts the problem of the blind flank walls that are such a blot on the landscape and resolves it by going beyond any purely decorative solution. It does so by means of a vertical propagation of public space. Besides contributing added and enriching complexity to the urban reality, this act of displacement shifting public space away from its usual horizontal plane has a disconcerting effect that favours the founding of an extraordinary landmark place. " (Ref.2)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The High Line park in New York City is mentioned as a typological cast. (Ref.2)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The intervention is part of the larger Revitadud-Interreg project, for which cities in France and Spain shared experience in urban interventions. (ref 3)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Metal structure with hanging garden with more than 80 different plant species (Ref. 2)

Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
Beneath ground level: new offices of neighbourhood association, which is responsible for the environmental management of the garden and its use as an educational space. (Ref. 2)
Botany classes are given and art installations are exhibited. (Ref. 2)
Meeting point for the community, a leisure space and one of social integration and relationship with nature (Ref. 2)
-" the Las Delicias garden confronts the problem of the blind flank walls that are such a blot on the landscape and resolves it by going beyond any purely decorative solution. It does so by means of a vertical propagation of public space. Besides contributing added and enriching complexity to the urban reality, this act of displacement shifting public space away from its usual horizontal plane has a disconcerting effect that favours the founding of an extraordinary landmark place. " (Ref.2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Development of garden, number of plant species (Ref. 2)
Engagement/ Education: botany classes, art installations (Ref. 2)
Active citizen participation: 530 square metres of the block of land have been turned into a new public square, offices for the Manuel Viola neighborhood association built in the basement area of the park. (Ref.2)
Metal structure with hanging garden with more than 80 different plant species (Ref. 2)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
Yes
Please specify the negative impacts
A neighbor reported that the space violated his privacy since onlookers from the space could view the inside of his house (Ref. 5)
-Since 2012 the state of the garden has been in disrepair and citizen groups have been petitioning the city to start proper and regular maintenance of the area. (Ref. 6)
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 2 September 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown; however: The intervention was recognized in 2010 by the European Public Space awards: Finalist in the European Prize for Public Space (2010). (Ref.2)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Intent to have a technician/ geographer familiar with the Delicias neighborhood to facilitate citizen activities and engagement. (ref 3)
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
Ref. 1 (4.69 MB) 4.69 MB
Ref. 4 (5 MB) 5 MB
List of references
1. Asociacion de Vecinos Manuel Viola et el. (2005). Estudio sociourbanistico del Barrio de Delicias en Zaragoza 2005. [Document provided].

2. Bravo Bordas, David. (2018). Jardin Vertical y Plaza Publica Delicias. Available at: http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/f059-jardin-vertical-y-plaza-publica-delicias [Accessed 2 September 2020].

3. Sociedad Municipal de Zaragoza Vivienda. (2017). Revitasud. [Not available in 2020].

4. Sociedad Municipal de Zaragoza Vivienda. (2010). Estudios y elaboración de propuestas piloto de revitalización urbana en barrios residenciales transfronterizos (1945-1960). [Document provided].

5. M. Rived. Zaragoza (2015). El Jardín Vertical de las Delicias, cerrado y a la espera. Heraldo.es. Available at: http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza_provincia/zaragoza/2015/06/04/el_jardin_vertical_las_delicias_cerrado_por_falta_mantenimiento_364441_301.html [Accessed: 2 September 2020].

6. Europa Press (2016). C's pide al Ayuntamiento arreglar las deficiencias en el Jardín Vertical. europapress.es. Available at: https://www.europapress.es/aragon/noticia-cs-pide-ayuntamiento-arreglar-deficiencias-jardin-vertical-delicias-20160801105042.html. [Accessed: 2 September 2020].

7. Efe. Zaragoza. (2010). El Jardín Vertical de Delicias, entre los mejores espacios públicos de Europa. heraldo.es. Available at: http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/zaragoza/el_jardin_vertical_delicias_entre_los_mejores_espacios_publicos_europa.html. [Accessed 2 September 2020].

8. Martin, T. (2012). Buenas prácticas vecinales para mantener el Jardín Vertical. heraldo.es. Available at: http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza_provincia/zaragoza/2012/06/13/buenas_practicas_vecinales_para_mantener_jardin_vertical_191575_301.html. [Accessed 2 September 2020].
Comments and notes
Comments
2020 comments:
Although no formal proposal or planning document was found, the publicspace.org profile contains much of the relevant information.

These were originally listed under Section 2/ Monitoring Indicators:
• Decreased energy demand
• Total consumption of materials
• Net energy savings
• Saving CO2 emissions equivalent
(ref 4)
And these were listed under Section 6/ Indicators:
• Decreased energy demand
• Total consumption of materials: metal structure over fifteen metres high which is the support of a hanging garden,
• Net energy savings: inclusion of a drip irrigation system for the lineal plant stands
• Saving CO2 emissions: more than 80 different plant species equivalent (ref 2 and 4)

Upon reviewing Ref.4, I found that these points were related to general development in the Las Delicias district, and was not specific to this particular intervention.

Additionally, for funding, I couldn't find a source to support that funding also came from the City, but this was marked in the previous review.
Additional insights
2020 comments:
The intervention was recognized in 2010 by the European Public Space awards: Finalist in the European Prize for Public Space (2010). (Ref.2)
Public Images
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 1
Source: Ref. 2
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 2
Source: Ref. 2
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 3
Source: Ref. 2
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 4
Source: Ref. 2
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 5
Source: Ref. 2
Image
Vertical Garden las Delicias 6
Source: Ref. 2