1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Århus
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Etablering af skov i Aarhus Kommune
Short description of the intervention
The City Council has passed an ambitious woodland plan designed to protect the municipality's groundwater.By planting woods in vulnerable areas where boreholes have been drilled for drinking water, the use of pesticides or other pollutants in the immediate area can be avoided. Aarhus residents will be ensured clean drinking water in 20 years even though the population is rising.(Ref. 2) New woodlands west of Aarhus will be a magnet for lovers of the open air, and secure clean drinking water for the city's population.(Ref. 1)
Address

Århus
Denmark

NBS area
32000000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2009
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
The intervention takes place during several stages, e.g. the planting of Åbo Wookd was part of the Municipal plan for 2009 (the plan includes goals of planting trees up to the year 2030). (Ref. 1)
The Afforestation plan from 2009-2012 had the goal of afforesting 320 ha of new forest in the four years period (which succeeded by the partnerships approach). (Ref. 3)
Goals of the intervention
-Afforestation of the urban fringe is a key priority in Aarhus municipality. (Ref. 3) The City of Aarhus has ambitious plans for the local forests and the intention is to increase the absorption of CO2 in nature zones. By 2030 the forest area in the City of Aarhus will have doubled. (Ref. 4)
-Additionally, the project aims to secure clean drinking water for the city's population; it also aims to create recreational areas for local residents and ensures biodiversity through the provision of the optimum living conditions required for fauna and flora. (Ref. 1)
-The latest plan from 2009-2012 had the goal of afforesting 320 ha of new forest in the four years period, which succeeded by the partnerships approach.(Ref 3)
Quantitative targets
The afforestation plan’s (2009-2012) aim is an increase from 8% to 14% of forest cover, where every hectare of new forest absorbs around 14 tonnes of CO2 annually (Ref. 3, 4). By the year 2030, should cover an area of 3200 ha new forest. (Ref. 3, 4) A total of 8000 hectares of vulnerable drinking water areas remains unprotected by cultivation agreements or afforestation. The latest plan from 2009-2012 had the goal of afforesting 320 ha of new forest in the four years period,which succeeded by the partnerships approach.(Ref 3)
Monitoring indicators defined
% increase of forest cover
hectares of new forest

(Ref 3, 4)

Climate change mitigation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Please specify "other Habitats and biodiversity restoration activity"
Planting woods in vulnerable areas where boreholes have been drilled for drinking water, the use of pesticides or other pollutants in the immediate area can be avoided. (Ref 2)
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
A total of 221 ha of public woods has been planted within the municipality's boundaries over the last 5 years (130 ha owned by the state and 91 by the City Council). (Ref. 1) 'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
The City Council has passed an ambitious woodland plan designed to protect the municipality's groundwater. By planting woods in vulnerable areas where boreholes have been drilled for drinking water, the use of pesticides or other pollutants in the immediate area can be avoided.Aarhus residents will be ensured clean drinking water in 20 years even though the population is rising.(Ref. 2)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown; By the year 2030, should cover an area of 3200 ha new forest. (Ref. 3, 4)
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Raw materials
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Water purification / filtration
Mediation of smell / noise / visual impacts
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Recreation
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Please specify other local relevant strategy
Afforestation Plan 2009-2012. (Ref. 3); 'Forestry development plan' (Skovudviklingsplan). (Ref. 6)
water regulation: specifically-- Council's drinking water protection policy. (Ref. 1)
Also, the 'folkeskoven.dk' (Folkeskoven) concept designed to make it possible for business and city residents to donate trees(see more info below). (Ref. 7)
Governance
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Citizens or community groups
Coalition with multiple of the above
Other
Please specify other non-government actors involved
landowners (Ref 3)
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Responsible for the project is Department of Nature and Environment (City of Aarhus). (Ref. 5)
Much of the green space planning and management in Aarhus is based on partnerships (e.g. the afforestation project) with private people, land owners, CCs, NGOs, clubs and other actors. (Ref. 3)
The 'Growing Trees Network', which has collaborated with the Department of Technical Services and Environment to develop the 'folkeskoven.dk' concept, designed to make it possible for business and city residents to donate trees to a public wood on council land, to play an important role in the city's plan to plant 3,200 hectares of new woodland by 2030. (Ref. 7)
Key actors - initiating organization
Please specify other Key actors - Other stakeholders involved
landowners (Ref 3)
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
National government
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Citizens or community group
Other
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The forests of the city of Århus were certified in 2007 (showing that management of the forests in the city is sustainable and responsible), using the same standards (FSC and PEFC standards) as the national Forest and Nature Agency (Skov- og naturstyrelsen) has chosen for the nation’s forests. (Ref. 6)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
An important driver for the achieved urban fringe afforestation is the safeguarding of ground water, particularly in relation to the increasing demand of water resources by increasing population numbers, included in the Municipal Plan 2013 and Afforestation Plan 2009-2012. (Ref. 3) Planting trees is a key element of the Council's drinking water protection policy. (Ref. 1)
Also, the city's 'Forestry development plan' (Skovudviklingsplan). (Ref. 6)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Afforestation Plan 2009-2012. (Ref. 3)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify the general plan with GI/NBS section
The "Aarhus CO2 neutral in 2030" goals. (Ref. 4)
Also, the 'folkeskoven.dk' (Folkeskoven) concept designed to make it possible for business and city residents to donate trees(see more info below). (Ref. 7)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
woodland (Ref 1)
boreholes have been drilled for drinking water, (Ref 2)
fauna and flora.
(Ref. 1)
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The 'Growing Trees Network', which has collaborated with the Department of Technical Services and Environment to develop the 'folkeskoven.dk' concept, designed to make it possible for business and city residents to donate trees to a public wood on council land, to play an important role in the city's plan to plant 3,200 hectares of new woodland by 2030. (Ref. 7)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
3.8 million EUR (Ref 4)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Elements of the afforestation plan are already being launched with the allocation of around 3.8 million EUR (38 million DKK) to plant 320 hectares of forest. (Ref. 4)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Please specify other type of non-financial contribution
Tree planting donations through The Folkeskoven (public woodland) concept. (Ref. 7)
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
Protecting water supplies, as switching farmland to woodland means an end to the use of pesticides. It reduces the risk of polluting our drinking water drawn from the groundwater. (Ref. 1)
Please specify social innovation
It creates recreational areas for local residents. (Ref. 1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown.
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The 'Growing Trees Network', which has collaborated with the Department of Technical Services and Environment to develop the 'folkeskoven.dk' concept, designed to make it possible for business and city residents to donate trees to a public wood on council land, to play an important role in the city's plan to plant 3,200 hectares of new woodland by 2030. (Ref. 7)

The folkeskoven concept contributes to tree planting in different municipalities in Denmark (where the focus is on a local level, but the concept has national wide goals). (Ref. 9)
Impacts, benefits
Please specify other economic impact
'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
Description of environmental benefits
A total of 221 ha of public woods has been planted within the municipality's boundaries over the last 5 years (130 ha owned by the state and 91 by the City Council). (Ref. 1)
Please specify other socio-cultural impact
'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
the Aarhus Model for Public Participation from 2004. The model was approved by the City Council and its application is mandatory for all strategies, policies, plans and projects. The model is based on eight basic principles focused on issues like communication between the municipal agencies and the public, the rights of the citizens to be consulted, means to ensure a genuine opportunity for citizens to participate. (Ref. 3)
Description of economic benefits
'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
Please specify other environmental justice issue
'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
Description of social and cultural benefits
'Growing Trees Network' makes it possible for businesses, clubs, associations and even private individuals to support afforestation by buying trees (Ref 1).
inclusive governance: The participatory governance arrangement in Aarhus Municipality foremost takes its departure in a ‘model’ named
the Aarhus Model for Public Participation from 2004. The model was approved by the City Council and its application is mandatory for all strategies, policies, plans and projects. The model is based on eight basic principles focused on issues like communication between the municipal agencies and the public, the rights of the citizens to be consulted, means to ensure a genuine opportunity for citizens to participate. (Ref. 3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
A total of 221 ha of public woods has been planted within the municipality's boundaries over the last 5 years. (Ref. 1)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Please specify other method used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
The forests of the city of Århus were certified in 2007 (showing that management of the forests in the city is sustainable and responsible), using the same standards (FSC and PEFC standards) as the national Forest and Nature Agency (Skov- og naturstyrelsen) has chosen for the nation’s forests. (Ref. 6)
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of 11 September 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
Yes
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
The forests of the city of Århus were certified in 2007 (showing that management of the forests in the city is sustainable and responsible), using the same standards (FSC and PEFC standards) as the national Forest and Nature Agency (Skov- og naturstyrelsen) has chosen for the nation’s forests. (Ref. 6)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
The participatory governance arrangement in Aarhus Municipality foremost takes its departure in a ‘model’ named
the Aarhus Model for Public Participation from 2004. The model was approved by the City Council and its application is mandatory for all strategies, policies, plans and projects. The model is based on eight basic principles focused on issues like communication between the municipal agencies and the public, the rights of the citizens to be consulted, means to ensure a genuine opportunity for citizens to participate. (Ref. 3)
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
Ref. 1. City of Aarhus (2016) New woodlands protect drinking water, nature and outdoor activities. Projects. [Website unavailable in 2020]
Ref. 2. City of Aarhus (2016) New woodlands will protect drinking water and the outdoor lifestyle. Targets. [Website unavailable in 2020]
Ref. 3. Green Surge (2015) Aarhus, Denmark: case study city portrait; part of the Green Surge study on urban green infrastructure planning and governance in 20 European cities. Aarhus Municipality. [Website unavailable in 2020]
Ref. 4. Aarhus kommune (n.d.) Aarhus CO2 neutral in 2030 - tackling climate change in EcoCity Aarhus. City of Aarhus. Source: https://stateofgreen.com/en/ [Accessed 11 September 2020]
Ref. 5. City of Aarhus (2016) Close collaboration for new wood. Projects. Information obtained: 2017-06-22. [Website unavailable in 2020]
Ref. 6. Århus Kommune (n.d.) Skovudviklingsplan 2010-2020. Århus CO2 neutral i 2030. Source: https://www.aarhus.dk/demokrati/politikker-og-planer/natur-og-miljoe/skovudviklingsplan/ [Accessed on 18 September 2020]
Ref. 7. City of Aarhus (2016) Growing Trees Network. Partners. Information obtained: 2017-06-22. [Website unavailable in 2020]
Ref. 8. Aarhus Kommune (2014) Sag 3: Skovrejsning 2009 2012. Source: https://gogreenwithaarhus.dk/media/6735/skovrejsningsplan-2009-2012.pdf [Accessed on 18 September 2020]
Ref. 9. Growing Trees (2013) Fokus er lokalt - målet nationalt. Her planter vi. Information obtained: 2017-06-22. Source: http://www.growingtrees.dk/her-planter-vi/ [Accessed 11 September 2020]
Ref. 10. Wikipedia (2015) De nye Aarhus Skove. Source: https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_nye_Aarhus_Skove [Accessed 18 September 2020]
Comments and notes
Comments
This information in the description could not be provided as no reference could be found for it in 2020: The New Forests of Aarhus comprise newly raised and public woodlands: Skødstrup Skov,Bærmose Skov,Lisbjerg Skov,Mollerup Skov,Brendstrup Sko,Gjellerup Skov,TranbjergSkov,Solbjerg
Public Images
Image
Afforestation Near the Aabo Waterwork Catchment in Aarhus
Afforestation Near the Aabo Waterwork Catchment in Aarhus
Peter Søgaard (Aarhus Municipality), retrieved 08/29/2018
Image
Afforestation Near the Aabo Waterwork Catchment in Aarhus
Afforestation Near the Aabo Waterwork Catchment in Aarhus
Peter Søgaard (Aarhus Municipality), retrieved 08/29/2018