1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Bologna
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Bio-Habitat
Short description of the intervention
The project opts for switching to more sustainable and organic ways of handling natural parks in the urban areas of the city of Bologna. The project was launched in 2008 and focused on 100 hectares, meaning 10 parks (out of the 1.100 total in the city). The goal is to develop maintenance techniques with low impact on local flora and fauna, stimulating biodiversity and an equilibrium with the surrounding urban environment, as well as the reduction of toxicity impacts for vulnerable residents (i.e. children and elderly people) (1 and 2).
This NBS solution focuses on changing maintenance of Bologna public urban parks from conventional techniques to biological ones (1 and 2).
Address

Bologna
Bologna
Italy

Total area
22000000.00m²
NBS area
1000000.00m²
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2008
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
Looks from the webpage that it is still implemented (1), and it makes sense since the parks needs constant maintenance.
Goals of the intervention
The project has the following goals (2):
- Quality improvement in the local environment, including cultural heritage, buildings, public spaces and landscapes.
- Increase in natural areas quota and biodiversity.
- Conservation and re-qualification of existing natural landscapes.
- Following the targets set by the European Convention on Landscapes.
- Promotion of an integrated environmental planning.
- Promotion of innovative and sustainable landscape planning.
- Biodiversity protection.
- Local fauna protection.
Quantitative targets
20% in water-saving in comparison to highly efficient watering systems;
30-35% water saving in comparison to a medium-low efficient watering system;
10-20% economic saving in the medium term for maintenance costs. (1)
Monitoring indicators defined
Water use and maintenance costs for the Municipality of Bologna (1).
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
Gardens involved in the NBS are being treated with specific organic techniques, such as letting the grass and other plants grow more than usual in order to pollinate and expand. Signs with information on the project and why parks have a different look have been put around with the aim to educate people (1).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Recreation
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Unknown
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Unknown.
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Municipality of Bologna is self-financing this NBS.
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
The project brings an alternative, more sustainable way of handling green areas inside the city of Bologna (1 and 2).

A specific certification label has been developed to indicate parks involved in the initiatives. A series of signs is also present in the parks to educate users on the initiative and techniques of bio maintenance (1).
Please specify social innovation
Unknown
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Multiple parks and green areas have been involved in the project after the pilot project had successful results (1).
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
As of 2019, the municipality of Bologna was still implementing this NBS. It is worth mentioning that the bio-habitat model has been reproduced in different areas of the city. Specific environmental benefits were not mentioned except that the creation of a precious balance in the urban ecosystem (starting from seeds and technical means, up to furnishing elements) through the use of low impact techniques in the management of green areas, in order to protect the fauna present and biodiversity, while removing the causes of environmental alterations and eliminating the use of synthetic products for plant nutrition and defense was paramount (2).
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
In 2019 the Municipality , based on the works done through the NBS, was inviting NGOs and sports centers to benefit from the implementation of the NBS. The city of Bologna was putting forward a request for applications from these entities to develop physical activities for all groups of people (from children to elderly) and apply for grants. (3)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
The indicators identified to see the positive impact of the project are the water use and the reduced maintenance costs (1).
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of July 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Please specify
I could not find explicit reference to that.
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
Please specify
I could not find explicit reference to that.
References
List of references
1. Comune di Bologna (no date), Progetti, Available at http://www.bio-habitat.com/UserFiles/File/Rete%20Civica%20Bologna.pdf (Accessed 19-6-2020)

2. Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (no date), Applicazione del metodo Bio-Habitat nel Comune di Bologna (project description), Available at http://www.sinanet.isprambiente.it/gelso/banca-dati/comune/comune-di-bologna/applicazione-del-metodo-bio-habitat-nel-comune-di-bologna (Accessed 19-6-2020)

3. Comune di Bologna (2019), Avviso Publico (public announcement), Available at http://www.comune.bologna.it/media/files/avviso_pubblico_parchi_in_movimento_2019.pdf (Accessed 15-7-2020)
Interview comments
I am waiting for the office responsible for this project to get back to me. Calling them since they did not respond since a week.
Comments and notes
Comments
I tried calling the office responsible for the project in the Municipality of Bologna multiple times, no one picked up.
Additional insights
The project is distributed throughout the urban area:
- Borgo Panigale: Parco delle Querce, via Galezza.
- Navile: Giardino Primo Zecchi, via F. Zanardi.
- Porto: via E. Ponente/ Osp. Maggiore, via E. Ponente.
- Reno: Parco Nicholas Green, l.go Vittime dei Lager nazisti.
- San Donato: Giardino P.P. Pasolini, via Salgari.
- San Virtale: Scuola Jacopo della Quercia, via Scandellara 54.
- Santo Stefano: Giardini Margherita, viale Gozzadini.
- Santo Stefano: Parco Villa Ghigi, via San Mamolo.
- Saragozza: Parco Baden Powell, via don Sturzo.
- Savena: Parco dei Cedri, via Cracovia.