1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Cartagena (FUA)
Region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Native title of the NBS intervention
Viveros comunitarios de manglar "Mangle Verde"
Short description of the intervention
The "Mangle Verde" project is a community-led intervention aimed at reforesting mangrove areas in Cartagena, particularly around the Ciénaga de la Virgen and Ciénaga de Juan Polo. Initiated by Gloria Sánchez and other members of the Villa Gloria community, this project is a response to the environmental degradation caused by urban development, including the construction of a viaduct, and the damages inflicted by invasive settlements and pollution​(ref 1,4). The primary goal of the project is to restore the mangrove ecosystems, which are essential for maintaining water quality, preventing coastal erosion and supporting marine biodiversity conservation (ref 4). In addition, this initiative provides socio-economic benefits by fostering ecotourism and increasing fish populations, which directly benefit the local fishing economy​(ref 1). The "Mangle Verde" project emerged as a grassroots response to compensations granted by the Concesión Costera for the damage caused by infrastructure projects in the region. Local residents of Villa Gloria, recognizing the importance of the mangrove ecosystem, established nurseries in their homes where they cultivate three types of mangroves (ref 2,4). So far, the initiative has planted over 26,860 mangrove saplings and is committed to continuing the reforestation efforts, which also include cleaning and maintaining the canals around the mangroves​ (ref 1). Beyond ecological restoration, the project also addresses key environmental risks in Cartagena, including coastal flooding and habitat degradation, driven by both natural phenomena (e.g., tides) and human activities such as urban sprawl and illegal dumping (ref 6, 7).
Implementation area characterization
Address

Cartagena
Colombia

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
https://www.google.com/maps/place/La+Boquilla,+Provincia+de+Cartagena,+Bol%C3%ADvar,+Colombia/@10.4783774,-75.4925026,5941m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x8ef63ac603c966eb:0xffffaa28f02b7c7d!8m2!3d10.471126!4d-75.49687!16s%2Fg%2F1hhvpwmst?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkxNS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2018
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The primary goal of the project is to reforest the damaged mangrove ecosystems of the Ciénaga de la Virgen and Ciénaga de Juan Polo (ref 1).
- Restore the ecosystem, which will enhance fish populations and overall biodiversity, benefiting the local fishing communities (ref 1).
- Protect the coastline from erosion and environmental hazards such as flooding (ref 4).
- Empowering local residents to take ownership of environmental restoration (ref 2).
- Raise awareness within the community about the importance of environmental conservation and aims for long-term sustainability (ref 1).

What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
- The project itself originated from demands raised during prior consultations by Afro-descendant communities in La Boquilla to the Concesión Costera, which had constructed the viaduct over the Ciénaga de la Virgen, a body of water deeply valued by the people of Cartagena. As part of a legal action, community councils insisted on being consulted regarding the risks of the project, and they immediately raised concerns about the serious environmental impact it posed to the mangrove ecosystems (ref 2).
- The community selects seeds from the lagoon and takes them to the nurseries, where they plant and prepare compost. When the seedlings reach 30 or 35 centimeters, they need to be moved out. On the plot, they also have a well from which they extract water to maintain moisture with low salinity, ensuring the mangroves survive. They also make their own insecticide, clean the canals, and maintain the mangroves after they are transplanted to the lagoon (ref 1).
- With institutional support from SENA and Cardique, women from the community were trained in mangrove cultivation and in methods for repopulating the lagoon. The project was officially reinforced through support from ISA and Cardique, who provided a modern nursery where sweet mangrove is cultivated alongside other species such as chirimoya, passion fruit campano, and oak. These trees are sold to Serena del Mar as part of a formal agreement and in the framework of environmental compensations(ref 3)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Coastal wetland, mangroves and salt marshes
Mangroves
Amenities offered by the NBS
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
plant nurseries
Design elements for well-being
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Coastal protection
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Tourism
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
La Boquilla is a corregimiento located in the northern zone of Cartagena, characterized by its Afro-descendant population, including the Villa Gloria community. Villa Gloria is an Afro-descendant community with around 350 families, a large percentage of whom rely on fishing, agriculture, and informal work. In this setting, the king of the "Green Gold," the coral mangrove—an endangered species in the seas, decimated by so-called development and invaders—has a chance at survival and offers the community an important means of sustainable livelihood. This area is deeply connected to the nearby mangroves and the Caribbean Sea, which provide both a natural resource base and cultural significance. The population has grown due to migration, largely driven by the search for affordable housing and better living conditions. ref 4, 5. The settlement process began with informal housing, and Villa Gloria was officially established in the 1990s when fishermen and their families expanded into the area, which was previously used as a temporary fishing ground. The community has faced challenges related to informal housing, displacement, and environmental degradation, yet they maintain a strong connection to the land and the mangroves​. Economically, many residents engage in informal jobs, agriculture, and particularly fishing ref 5.
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Unknown
Non-government actors
Citizens or community groups
Primary Beneficiaries
Specify primary beneficiaries
The inhabitants of the Villa Gloria village plant mangroves in their community to reforest the Ciénaga de La Virgen and the Ciénaga de Juan Polo. This effort is the result of months of work by her and 25 others who have worked on planting different types of mangrove to reforest both Ciénagas, which have been harmed by human activity. They also aspire for more people to join the project and contribute to the common goal of reforesting the Ciénagas and teaching the importance of protecting the mangrove, the water, and the species within them. (ref 1)
"We have destroyed the environment for so long. The first step is to be aware of the damage caused by humans. Then, understand that with this project, the first beneficiaries are the community itself," adds Doña Gloria. "The goal of this project is to implement good practices in the community so that they can continue independently. They receive support from Caribe Compensa Caribe to establish the necessary capacities in the communities," explains biologist Daniela Roja Ulloa, who accompanies the community. For her, the project has also empowered the women in the neighborhood, who are used to a patriarchal environment (ref 2)
In their backyards, the association of rural black women from the Villa Gloria community council, made up of 16 women, cultivates mangroves, which are considered the source of life. Since 2018, as compensation to the communities in northern Cartagena, many of whom rely on fishing, the Concesión Costera, with the support of Sena and Cardique, trained these women to cultivate mangroves and repopulate the lagoon (ref 3).
Marginalized groups
Measures for inclusion of marginalised groups
They receive support from Caribe Compensa Caribe to establish the necessary capacities in the communities," explains biologist Daniela Roja Ulloa, who accompanies the community. For her, the project has also empowered the women in the neighborhood, who are used to a patriarchal environment (ref 2)
In their backyards, the association of rural black women from the Villa Gloria community council, made up of 16 women, cultivates mangroves, which are considered the source of life. Since 2018, as compensation to the communities in northern Cartagena, many of whom rely on fishing, the Concesión Costera, with the support of Sena and Cardique, trained these women to cultivate mangroves and repopulate the lagoon (ref 3).
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Afro-descendant community of Villa Gloria initiated the "Mangle Verde" project to reforest the Ciénaga de La Virgen and Ciénaga de Juan Polo following compensation from the Concesión Costera for the environmental impact of the Gran Manglar viaduct. Over the past year, the community set up nurseries in their homes to cultivate mangroves. The project emerged from consultations regarding the viaduct's risks, with community leader Gloria Esther Sánchez Anaya warning about the severe environmental impact on mangrove ecosystems. In the first year, they cultivated 8,000 mangrove plants. Supported by Caribe Compensa Caribe and with training from Sena and Cardique, the women of Villa Gloria—who consider mangroves a source of life—continue their efforts to repopulate the lagoon and restore local ecosystems. Since 2018, this initiative has been empowering the community, many of whom rely on fishing, to improve their environment and livelihood. (ref 1,2,3)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Citizens or community group
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Stages of citizen and community engagement
Level of citizen and community engagement
Community empowerment or capacity-building initiatives
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers & Barriers
Please provide details (e.g, name of the plan or strategy) for the selected policies or initiatives.
governance innovations and funding from the concesion costera mega project
Barriers
Urban Expansion and Formal Developments, Government and Institutional Neglect (ref 5).
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
unknown
Source(s) of funding
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-governance arrangement
Entrepreneurship opportunities
Yes
What entrepreneurship opportunities have arisen from the NBS project?
Please specify other type of entrepreneurship opportunity
nurseries and selling of plants
What types of actors are leading the entrepreneurship activities linked to the NBS project?
What types of support are provided to entrepreneurs engaged in NBS-related activities?
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
- Achieved increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems:In total, 26,860 mangrove seedlings, including red, black, and silver mangroves, have been planted. These seedlings have slowly grown in the lagoon and are "walking" towards each other. Some refer to this as the "syncretism" of the mangrove, as it forms small tunnels or channels as it grows. ref 1
-Achieved increased protection of threatened species: In the first year of the project, the communities in this neglected sector cultivated 8,000 mangrove plants. Initially, 45 members of the community were trained through SENA Emprende Rural for 30 days in gardening and everything related to mangrove germination. Today, eight families in Villa Gloria have converted space in their backyards and gardens into nurseries where they cultivate the plants. ref 2. After five years of the project, 6 hectares of mangrove have been replanted in a zone called Playón de Mesa, which has been reforested with black mangroves. "This area was completely sedimented, and to access it, we had to clear a path with picks and shovels." Today, the birds and life have returned. ref 3
-Achieved improved water quality: "We have achieved all of this because we have a very strong Community Council that has focused on delivering results: we are planting, cleaning, and restoring the lagoon, but we are also providing environmental education to the school children and working with the fishermen to care for and protect our resources," adds the leader of Villa Gloria. ref 3
Environmental impact indicators
Total number of vascular plant species protected or introduced
26,860
Total area of habitat restored (in ha)
6
Description of economic benefits
-Achieved more sustainable tourism: This year, they started a community tourism project around the Ciénaga de la Virgen, where they take visitors by canoe through beautiful natural corridors, offering bird watching and showcasing artisanal fishing. They also highlight the damage caused by human activities to this body of water. "We show tourists the reality of what’s happening with the Ciénaga, but we also take them to our backyards so they can see the nurseries and know that there is hope, and it is in our hands," says Gloria Sánchez, president of the Afro Community Council of Marlinda. ref 3
-Achieved increase of green jobs (e.g. paid employment positions: The project was ratified this year by Isa and Cardique, who provided a modern nursery where sweet mangrove is grown, as well as chirimoya, passion fruit, campano, and oak. "We sell these trees to Serena del Mar through an agreement and compensations so that they have local trees to repopulate," explains Doña Gloria. ref 3
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Achieved increased knowledge of locals about local nature: the communities in this neglected sector cultivated 8,000 mangrove plants. Initially, 45 members of the community were trained through SENA Emprende Rural for 30 days in gardening and everything related to mangrove germination. Today, eight families in Villa Gloria have converted space in their backyards and gardens into nurseries where they cultivate the plants. ref 2. "We have achieved all of this because we have a very strong Community Council that has focused on delivering results: we are planting, cleaning, and restoring the lagoon, but we are also providing environmental education to the school children and working with the fishermen to care for and protect our resources," adds the leader of Villa Gloria. ref 3
-Achieved increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces: In their backyards, the association of rural black women from the Villa Gloria community council, made up of 16 women, cultivates mangroves, which are considered the source of life. Since 2018, as compensation to the communities in northern Cartagena, many of whom rely on fishing, the Concesión Costera, with the support of Sena and Cardique, trained these women to cultivate mangroves and repopulate the lagoon. ref 3
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Type of indicators
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Transparency
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
They decided to compensate for this mangrove and stayed on that path because they saw the benefits it gave them, not only in terms of improving the environment where they live but also economically, as the women who are part of this association sell the plants to other parts of the city. ref 5
We have contributed to the improvement of the lagoon, and as a result, more fish will come, species that had migrated to other places will recover, and the water will improve. ref 1
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Please specify Trade-offs & Negative impacts Selected
unknown
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
No
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, project goals were not set, and benefits were not delivered in all 3 key areas.
Reaching original project goals
Long-term perspective
Unknown: No information about the project's long-term sustainability.
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Equitable impacts
Application of lessons learned
Perception of Environmental Change
Yes
NBS Supports ecological or environmental anxiety
Unknown
References
1.
El Universal (2021 ). “Mangle Verde” para reforestar la ciénaga de La Virgen. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
El Tiempo ( 2019). El pueblo en Cartagena donde siembran manglar para salvar una ciénaga. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
El Tiempo (2023). Las mujeres que cultivan mangle para salvar a la Ciénaga de la Virgen en Cartagena. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
4.
Donde By El Universal (n.d.). Manglares en Cartagena: "oro verde". Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
CONTRERAS FANEYTE, DANIELA (2021). VIVIENDA Y MANGLAR: UN ANÁLISIS DE LOS PROCESOS DE RETERRITORIALIZACIÓN DESDE LA COMUNIDAD AFRO DE VILLA GLORIA EN CARTAGENA. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
6.
Funcicar (2020 ). Ecobloque y Fiscalía trabajan para desmantelar el “cartel del escombro” que rellena cuerpos de agua en Cartagena. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
7.
Ministerio de Transporte (2020). Gobierno nacional ratifica la conservación de La Cienaga de La Virgen con ‘plantatón’, en 34 hectáreas de manglar. Accessed on September 17, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Gloria Sanchez in the nursery
Gloria Sanchez in the nursery
https://www.eluniversal.com.co/cartagena/2021/08/29/mangle-verde-para-reforestar-la-cienaga-de-la-virgen/
Image
mangrove seedlings
mangrove seedlings
https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/la-siembra-del-mangle
Image
Gloria Sanchez in the nurserie
Gloria Sanchez in the nurserie
https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/el-pueblo-en-cartagena-donde-siembran-manglar-para-salvar-una-cienaga-414778