1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Chongqing
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
重庆潼南大佛寺湿地公园
Short description of the intervention
Tongnan Dafosi Wetland Park is located on both sides of Fu River flowing through the central area of Chongqing Tongnan District. Its south side is right next to the national tourist spot – the Great Buddha Temple (Dafosi). Due to the increasing frequency and severity of extreme rainstorms, the area is prone to floods. To build an urban wetland park that is adaptive to floods, designers retained the original wetland environment along the river channel and set up pedestrian corridors to enable citizens’ close contact with wetland nature. [1, 3] This project excavates two important cultural elements of Tongnan: 1) the shipping culture with a long history; and 2) the Buddhist culture based on the Great Buddha Temple. [1]
Address

Jinbin Road
Tongnan District
Chongqing
402660
China

Area boundary
POINT (105.807666 30.196283)
POINT (105.822183 30.196085)
POINT (105.805693 30.190571)
POINT (105.81404 30.1894)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
https://www.turenscape.com/project/detail/4776.html
Total area
990000.00m²
NBS area
990000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
The site was mainly the shallows shaped by the Fu River, mostly consisting of sand and gravel. "The periphery of the site has been built for 20-year flood control." [1]
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2019
End date of the intervention
2019
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The Tongnan Dafosi Wetland Park aimed to innovatively combine wetland protection with urban park development, whilst promoting local culture and building local identity. It uses flood-adaptive design to lower the cost of maintenance while creating spaces for citizens to connect with nature and to conduct various activities. [1, 3]
The specific goals of the project include [1]:
- Flexible design to be adaptive to floods
- Restore habitats for wetland flora and fauna
- Increase habitat diversity
- Create a vibrant urban living room providing rich experience for the citizens
- Preserve local cultural heritage of the shipping and the Buddhist culture, in designing and building the wetland park as well as the installations within the park.
Quantitative targets
- Plant in total more than 500 metasequoia [2]
- Create an aquatic planting area of about 8,000 square meters for lotus flowers, and create a ground cover planting area of 170,000 square meters for about 50 types of plants such as Jacaranda, Taxodium ascendens, Salix alba, Pink grass, Lotus alba and Fruits. [2]
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown.
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The main implementation activities of this project include:
- Flexible design to be adaptive to floods: maintaining the geographical features of the site to the maximum and use minimum intervention measures; build pedestrian walkways and cycling paths, enabling citizens’ close contacts to wetlands; and allocate the main activity space and facilities in areas that are not prone to be submerged so as to reduce maintenance cost. [1, 2]
- Install water pipelines that can, on one hand, direct water from the Fu River into the various wetlands within the Park, supporting the ecosystems, and on the other hand, can water the plants directly during drought season [2]
- Restore habitats for wetland flora and fauna: build ecological slope protection, restore the original maple forests and grass vegetation in the islands located in the middle of the river, and increase tree islands to provide habitat for birds. [1]
- Increase plant diversity: create an aquatic planting area of about 8,000 square meters for lotus flowers, and create a ground cover planting area of 170,000 square meters for about 50 types of plants such as Jacaranda, Taxodium ascendens, Salix alba, Pink grass, Lotus alba and Fruits. [3]
- Create a vibrant urban living room: the park is designed into different functional zones, including sprots and leisure area, urban balcony area, Dafosi Wetland area, etc., which is also equipped with a public bath and several meditation spaces, providing rich experience for the citizens. [1]


NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
more than 500 metasequoia [2]
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
a public bath [1] and a visitor center [3]
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Cultural services
Tourism
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was initiated and developed by Tongnan District Planning Bureau, and designed by Turenscape - a landscape design company [1]
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Unknown
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown.
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown.
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown.
Please specify cost savings
Unknown.
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown.
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify system innovation
The Tongnan Dafosi Wetland Park innovatively combined wetland protection with urban park development, whilst promoting local culture and building local identity. It uses flood-adaptive design to lower the cost of maintenance while creating spaces for citizens to connect with nature and to conduct various activities. [1, 3]
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown.
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
This project aims to set an example for future urban development. [1]
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The constructed wetland park supports plant diversity, providing around 8,000 square meters of aquatic planting area (supporting the plantation of lotus) and around 170,000 square meters of ground cover planting area (supporting the plantation of over 50 types of ground cover plants). [3] It also increases the green space area within the Tongnan District. [3]
Through the protection and restoration of the wetlands system, as well as the infrastructural development, the Wetland Park is expected to enhance the District's capacity to address extreme weather and climate events, especially drought and flooding. [1]
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown.
Description of social and cultural benefits
The constructed Wetland Park provides citizens with spaces for recreation, exercise, sightseeing, and connecting to nature. [3] It also promotes the image of the city. [3]
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Area of plantation created. [3]
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of October 2021
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Turenscape (2020) Chongqing Tongnan Dafosi Wetland Park. Available at: https://www.gooood.cn/dafosi-wetland-park-tongnan-turenscape.htm [Accessed: 12 October 2021].
2. Chongqing Tongnan District Government (2019) The construction of Chongqing Tongnan Dafosi Wetland Park is in full swing. Available at: http://www.cqtn.gov.cn/sy_184/sytt/201903/t20190305_5915727_wap.html [Accessed: 12 October 2021].
3. Chongqing Tongnan District Government (2019) Dafosi Wetland Park is opened to the public. Available at: www.cqtn.gov.cn/sy_184/sytt/201903/t20190328_5915821_wap.html [Accessed: 12 October 2021].

Comments and notes