1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Edinburgh
Region
Europe
Short description of the intervention
The Braid Burn is a highly urbanised watercourse that has been significantly modified to improve drainage. Prior to re-meandering of the Braid burn, it was constrained in a narrow, brick-lined channel with little character, offering a poor habitat and possessing low species diversity. The restoration work reintroduced diversity to allow natural morphological and ecological processes to take place (ref. 2). A new wetland habitat was created, along with a flood storage area. It was a small component of a wider flood alleviation scheme by the City of Edinburgh (ref. 1).
Address

Braid Burn
Inch Park
Edinburgh
United Kingdom

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Please specify “other type of area” before implementation of the NBS
Burn or stream. The length of the stream is 14 km, and the basin size is 30.5 km2. The project took place in a 310m of the total length. (ref 1, 4)
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2002
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
2010
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. The overall aim was to reduce flooding risk. : to utilise the flood storage capacity within Inch Park.
2. To reintroduce diversity in the width, depth, flow rates and appearance of the burn, to allow natural morphological and ecological processes to take place following initial construction : by replacing the brick and concrete channels with sinuous meanders, runs, riffles, shoals and sloping banks.
3. To provide an opportunity to promote biodiversity and create habitat along the river corridor. A new wetland habitat was created. (ref 1)
Quantitative targets
1. to protect against a 1 in 200 year flood, with additional allowance for climate change.
2. Multi-criteria analysis indicator themes (appendix reference 3). 2a. length of reach, 2b. flood risk reduction, 2c. capacity release, 2d. ecological and socio-economic benefits, 2e. cost of implementation, 2f. habitat expansion /connection, 2g. invasive non-native species reduction, 2h. broader ecological effects, 2i. biological status, 2j. chemical status, 2k. climate change adaptation, 2l. public awareness, 2m. recreation, 2n. costs to landowner or business, 2o. upstream or downstream effects, 2p. physical barrier to restoration, 2q. landowner/community support, 2r. cost of implementation, 2s. construction / restoration impacts
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Climate change adaptation: What activities are implemented to realize the conservation goals and targets?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
1. A new wetland habitat was created. Approximately 80% of the stream area was newly dug and 20% was made of the retained channel the banks of which were reprofiled. 2. The new channel incorporated parts of the existing channel in its design. The alignment was created in a way to support habitation. 3. Coir matting installed along immediate margins first flood bund. 4. A flood storage area, surrounded by clay embankments and sheet pile and concrete walls clad in stone recovered from the park’s boundary wall. 5. A downstream outlet structure was installed to restrict the flow. (ref 1)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Flood regulation
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
Project carried out by AECOM and Carillion on behalf of City of Edinburgh Council (ref 2) The project is funded by the Scottish Government and City of Edinburgh Council (ref 5)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Local government/municipality
Private sector/corporate actor/company
EU body
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
Water Framework Directive (WFD) (ref 1)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
Scottish Environment Protection Agency South East (SEPA) set the overall environmental objectives for the water body under the River Basin Management Planning (RBMP). (ref 1)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The site is an Urban Wildlife Site (UWS) within the Edinburgh Urban Nature Conservation Strategy and delivers parts of Edinburgh’s Local Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). Flood Prevention Scheme in Edinburgh is the overall project of which this is a smaller part. (ref 1)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Braid Burn has been designated as an Urban Wildlife Site as part of the Edinburgh Urban Nature Conservation Strategy (ref 2)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The project is funded by the Scottish Government and City of Edinburgh Council. (Ref 1)
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The scheme was completed in 2010 at a construction cost of £28.7 million, an increase from the estimated cost of GB£22 million. The total cost of the scheme was £43 million (ref 6)
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Please specify technological innovation
1. Approximately 80% of the restored course was newly dug and 20% was made up of the retained channel, the banks of which were reprofiled: Densely graded rock was imported and used to form the riffles and shoals. Gravels for the new channel were recovered and re-used from the sections of the old course. (ref 1)
2. It was deemed that over time natural processes would transport substrate, invertebrates and flora to the new sections of the burn. The hydraulic conveyance of the new naturalised course ensures no increase in flood risk upstream. (ref 1)
3. a wetland was created in low lying land adjacent to it. (ref 1)
4. Riparian vegetation has added diversity in height to the stream (ref 1)
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Unknown
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Unknown
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
1. During a 2010 flood event, the project proved to successfully limit floodwaters to designated flood areas.
2. A variety of protected species live in and around the burn including European protected otters and bats along with dippers, kingfishers, trout, bullhead and heron. The immediate embankment area has also shown to increase biodiversity as a result of the mosaic habitat created. More variety in plant species and habitat were located than existed previously. Otters have returned to the reach and other bird species have been observed feeding and gathering nesting materials immediately following the project.
3. The burn links several smaller habitats together providing a vital corridor for wildlife to travel between the City’s urban and rural environments. (ref 1, 2)
Description of economic benefits
Helps in protecting from flood damage costs (ref 1).
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. Informal footpaths have been installed along both banks of the burn and are well used.
2. Following the works the burn has become an integral part of Inch park that brings ecological, aesthetic and recreational benefits to the area. (ref. 2, 4)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
The analysis considered a variety of different indicators including length of reach, flood risk reduction, capacity release, ecological and socio-economic benefits and cost of implementation. An indicator was rated as positive, neutral or low benefits. Indicators highlighted at being most important in this study were weighted so that these indicators were favoured over other indicators. (ref 3)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of August, 2020
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Multi-criteria analysis was conducted to prioritise implementation of the various proposed options (Appendix F, ref 3). The multi-criteria analysis was based on the three-level assessment scale described in 'Priority Catchment Restoration Scoping Studies'. Phase 1: Overall Approach and Methods Report' (SNIFFER, 2011).
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
No
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
No
Please specify
unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
Attachment Size
The River Restoration Centre (1 MB) 1 MB
List of references
1. The River Restoration Centre. (no date) New meanders replacing a lined urban channel. Available at: http://www.therrc.co.uk/MOT/Final_Versions_%28Secure%29/1.10_Braid_Burn.pdf. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.
2. Scottish geodiversity forum. (nd) Case Study. Available at: https://scottishgeodiversityforum.org/charter/case-studies/case-study-flood-control-braid-burn-edinburgh/. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.
3. JBA group. (2012) Braid Burn Hydromorphic Character and Restoration Opportunities. Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/75219/doc-3-2011s5074-braid-burn-hydromorph-summary_final_lowre-s.pdf. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.
4. The River Restoration Centre. Available at: http://www.therrc.co.uk/case_studies/braid%20burn%20at%20inch%20park.pdf. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.
5. Water briefing. (2008) Braid burn flood prevention scheme. Available at: https://www.waterbriefing.org/home/water-issues/item/2222-braid-burn-flood-prevention-scheme. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
The Braid Burn
The Braid Burn
Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braid_Burn. Accessed on 23rd August, 2020.