1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Göteborg (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Gröna Rehab
Short description of the intervention
A community project named Green Rehab in Göteborg’s botanical garden and it is “a nature-based rehabilitation programme for workers suffering from stress-related illness or mild depression in Sweden's Västra Götaland Region. The programme offers a new beginning for employees on long-term sick leave, by combining traditional occupational, physio- and psychotherapy with recent research insights into how gardens and nature can aid recovery from illness. The goal is that a participant who completes the programme will go back to work again and achieve a better quality of life. (Ref. 1)
Address

Göteborgs Botaniska Trädgård
Göteborg
Sweden

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2006
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2006
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
Green Rehab was during 2006 - 2009 (but was in 2008 extended to cover the whole of 2010) a project but is now a permanent activity within the Västra Götaland region and operates in Göteborg's botanical garden area. (Ref. 2, 4)
Goals of the intervention
The main goal for the project is to increase the use of nature to improve well-being (and this is done through participants completing the programme at the Green Rehab Centre). (Ref. 3)
The objectives of this goal are:
1. Rehabilitation for those suffering from depression or stress from work life.
2. New and more productive beginning of working life.
3. Enhanced wellbeing. (Ref. 1)
Quantitative targets
A group of 6-8 people per programme with the possibility for individual planning/structure. (Ref. 2) The programme: 12 weeks of full-time participation, this can be extended if necessary. (Ref. 2)

The goal was to get 50-60 participants in rehabilitation per year. (Ref. 4)
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of participants treated by rehabilitation per year (Ref. 4)
Implementation activities
Green Rehab has been active since 2006 and during this period more than 500 people have been involved in the programs. Research has also been linked to the business. Through special resources from the Västra Götaland region, a dissertation where Green Rehab has been the focus. In particular, the importance of green in rehabilitation has been studied. (Ref. 3)
Green Rehab offers rehabilitation in a natural and garden environment. The activity is based on the research-based knowledge of the garden and nature's good ability to make us humans stress. This knowledge is combined with established methods in physiotherapy and occupational therapy, and offers therapeutic conversations in groups. The participants sow and harvest in the garden and walk together in Änggårdsbergen or in the Botanical Garden. During the winter, creative activity in natural materials takes up more space. In the garden, trees and shrubs are pruned. The business also offers body awareness, stress management, image work and supportive conversations. The groups consist of 7 people. The team includes a biologist, gardener, physiotherapist, occupational therapist and psychotherapist. The combination of nature and gardening contributes to recovery. (Ref. 1 and 5)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Parks and urban forests
Botanical gardens
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Please specify "other marginalized group"
Mentally ill-health or stressed people. (Ref 1)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Marginalized groups
Governance
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project "Green Rehab" (GR) started as a development cooperation in the Västra Götaland region (VGR) between the Environment Committee, the Public Health Committee, the Staff Committee and the Göteborg’s Botanical Garden. (Ref. 4)
Furthermore, through special resources from the Västra Götaland region, a dissertation where Green Rehab has been the focus. In particular, the importance of green in rehabilitation has been studied. (Ref. 3)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Regional government
Public sector institution
Researchers/university
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
E.g. presence of medical multidisciplinary team assessing individuals at start of programs, the medical multidisciplinary team consists of the Västra Götaland region (VGR) occupational health care, Health & Work Life (Hälsan & arbetslivet) or the Institute for Stress Medicine (Institutet för stressmedicin, ISM). (Ref. 4)
Also, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp, together with partners, including Green Rehab. (Ref. 4)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
In addition to rehabilitation, Green Rehab works preventively with stress management courses. Green Rehab also works as a model activity and offers study visits. Research on the importance of the green in rehabilitation is linked to the activities. (Ref. 5)

In connection with Green Rehab's activities, Eva Sahlin has researched the importance of the green for rehabilitation of stress-related mental health. She has also investigated the effect of Green Rehab's preventive stress management courses. (Ref. 6)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The project costs were estimated to be around 1 million EUR (10.1 million SEK) and is distributed over project time. (Ref. 4)
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
“Green Rehab's aim was to provide long-term sick leave with stress-related ill health an opportunity to start and return to employment. The project's goal was to offer rehabilitation in the garden environment while exploring whether the project's "green concept" could affect the length of rehabilitation time and the individual's work ability, contribute to solutions in collaboration between, for example, Employers, Occupational healthcare and Employment services. Additional goals were to become a competence center in the region to distribute the acquired knowledge, as well as being a center for support and information for activities of a similar nature.” (Ref. 4)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
In an ongoing project "Grönt är lönt" (Green is worthwhile) at Göteborg's botanical garden, the link between nature/garden, health and lifestyle is highlighted. As a result of this project, the question of the knowledge and experience about the health promotion effects of nature that emerged within the project was raised in practice. The assignment was given to investigate the possibilities for a rehabilitation project. (Ref. 4)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
"In addition, interest in Green Rehab from co-ordination associations, individual municipalities and other actors in Västra Götaland, but also in other parts of the country, has become even greater." (Ref. 7)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
1. Participants so far have planted trees of different species, pruned the old ones and monitored them over the years.
2. Participants under the supervision from the team, help in soil protection by planting.
3. Participants also sow and harvest in the garden. (Ref 1)
Description of economic benefits
1.Participants sow and harvest in the garden. (Ref 5)
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. Visits for study purposes are frequently held.
2. Body awareness, stress management and art therapy, as well as taking part in support groups, are activities taking place in the gardens.
3. Green Rehab also offers courses in stress management. As in the rehabilitation program, nature and gardening are combined with established methods from occupational therapy, physiotherapy and psychotherapy. The courses combine lectures with practical exercises.
4. So far, it has treated more than 500 participants. In all the cases, the programme has helped them to recover by increasing connection with nature.
5. Participants are directly involved in handling the trees and plants in the area under close supervision. (Ref 1 and 5)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Number of successful case studies. (Ref 5 and 8)
Environmental, social and economic impacts
Analysis of specific impact categories
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of November, 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
'Modellen Gröna Rehab' was used at the end of the project. A rehabilitation model, the model includes the whole development work and was retrieved from Alnarp (University). (Ref. 7)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
Ref. 1. BGCI (n.d.) Göteborg Botanical Garden. Garden, Community Projects, Sweden - Göteborg. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). Retrieved from https://tools.bgci.org/garden.php?id=89?id=89 on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 2. Västra Götalandsregionen (n.d.) Det fria Gröna Rehab. Göteborgs botaniska trädgård. Retrieved from https://goteborgsregionen.se/download/18.30af3a9713ecd14008c528/1369751169007/Det+fria_Gr%C3%B6na+Rehab+folder.pdf on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 3. Göteborgs botaniska trädgård (2016) Gröna Rehab i Botaniska fyller 10 år. Botaniska. Retrieved from http://news.cision.com/se/goteborgs-botaniska-tradgard/r/grona-rehab-i-botaniska-fyller-10-ar,c2074839 on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 4. Sahlin, E., Ahlborg, Jr. G., Matuszczyk, J., Grahn, P. (2014) Nature-Based Stress Management Course for Individuals at Risk of Adverse Health Effects from Work-Related Stress—Effects on Stress Related Symptoms, Workability and Sick Leave. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Venue-Groena-Rehab-Gothenburg-Botanical-Garden_fig4_263357433 on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 5. Göteborgs botaniska trädgård (2017) Gröna Rehab. Om oss. Botaniska. Retrieved from https://www.botaniska.se/ on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 6. Västra Götalandsregionen (2017) Forskning vid Gröna Rehab. Fakta & forskning, Gröna Rehab. Retrieved from https://www.vgregion.se/ov/grona-rehab/fakta--forskning/forskning-vid-grona-rehab/ on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 7. Sahlin, E. & Ahlborg, Jr. G. (2010) Utvärdering av projektet Gröna Rehab. ISM-häfte nr 3, Sammanfattning. Retrieved from https://alfresco.vgregion.se/alfresco/service/vgr/storage/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/f6f4a985-c2d6-4ee4-9b34-300a5d0685f4/2010_3_Gr%c3%b6na%20rehab%20Utv%c3%a4rdering%201.pdf?a=false&guest=true on 13th November, 2020.
Ref. 8. Sahlin, E. & Ahlborg, G.jr. (2010) Utvärdering av projektet Gröna Rehab. ISM häfte nr 3. Retrieved from https://www.vgregion.se/ov/grona-rehab/fakta--forskning/utvardering-av-grona-rehab/ on 13th November, 2020.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Green Rehab site
Västra Götalandsregionen
https://www.vgregion.se/ov/grona-rehab/
Image
Green Rehab
Västra Götalandsregionen
https://www.vgregion.se/ov/grona-rehab/om-grona-rehab/innehall-och-aktiviteter/