1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Göteborg (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Kvillebäcken – First green district
Short description of the intervention
"Kvillebäcken is the first urban district in Gothenburg built according to the new environmental demands. Traffic and buildings will be adapted to a more environmentally sustainable community, where no inhabitants will be dependent on transport by car. Housing and commercial buildings will meet strict demands on energy balance, indoor environment, healthy materials, protection from noise and moisture, greenery in the courtyards and surface water management. New environmental technology solutions will be used in the district, such as the efficient collection of household waste and covered bicycle parking. New solutions will also meet strict demands on economic and social sustainability." (Ref. 1)
Address

Färgfabriksgatan 1
41724 Göteborg
Sweden

Area boundary
POINT (11.934613 57.742064)
POINT (11.962117 57.726287)
POINT (11.929722 57.72003)
POINT (11.920626 57.726491)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
Google maps. Available at: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kvilleb%C3%A4cken,+Gothenburg,+Sweden/@57.7304079,11.9240551,3145m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x464ff4b2294ec0ef:0x2f91a5a37fda5e51!8m2!3d57.7255488!4d11.9349777. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Total area
3500000.00m²
NBS area
3500000.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2009
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2009
End date of the intervention
2019
Present stage of the intervention
Please specify "other" stage of the intervention
In the comprehensive plan (sv. Översiktsplan) for the city of Göteborg (Göteborgs stad) which was adpoted in 2009, Kvillebäcken (which is a part of Backaplansområdet) is mentioned as one of five strategic points where e.g. urban development with good qualities is sought. A detailed plan for e.g. Eastern Kvillebäcken (Östra Kvillebäcken) was adopted in 2009. (Ref. 3)

The first residential occupations in Kvillebäcken were planned for 2013, the construction is now in the final stage and by 2018 the first blocks will be finalized and in 2019 the whole area is planned to be completed. (Ref. 4, 5)
Goals of the intervention
- The main objective was to build a resource-efficient and environmentally-friendly area where energy use is minimized through smart construction technology, materials selection, installations and the ability of residents to influence. The ambition is that Kvillebäcken will be an example of sustainable urban development and Kvillebäcken will be a display window to showcase the cutting edge technology and smart solutions for energy, waste, transport and water that the stakeholders develop. (Ref. 6)
- Further aims are that “housing should be mixed with places, squares and green spaces for recreation as well as elements of trade and activities." (Ref. 3)
- In addition, goals set up in accordance with the application for funds in 2010 are:
1. "Increase in the recovery of household waste organic waste.
2. Low energy house with tomorrow's district heating.
3. Bicicle infrastructure;
4. Energy-efficient technology for heavy vehicles.” (Ref. 3)
Quantitative targets
- "In total, the measures are estimated to give a CO2 emission reduction of about 21,000 tonnes per year." (Ref. 7)
- "Buildings to achieve a recycling rate of organic waste of at least 75% compared with today's 30%. Biomass is concentrated and ready for production of biogas." (Ref. 3)
- "Five waste vehicles are equipped with the newly developed MDE (Methane diesel engine) technology, which represents 25% higher energy efficiency than conventional biogas vehicles." (Ref. 3)
Monitoring indicators defined
CO2 emission; % of organic waste (Ref. 7 and Ref. 3)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Implementation activities
Measures such as collection for recovery of organic waste, spread information about business-driven sustainable development, and increase knowledge exchange regarding sustainable urban development and waste vehicles equipped with MDE (Methane diesel engine) technology where taken. New environmental technology solutions are being used in the district, such as an efficient collection of household waste and covered bicycle parking. By providing space for cultivation and greenery, a green meeting place is created, which benefits both the social and the ecological aspects. Playgrounds, barbecue areas, benches tables and seatings are being installed. Next to Kvillebäcken is Backaplan with one of Gothenburg's largest shopping centers. (Ref. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7)
Many cycling initiatives are made. Residents are already farming (urban farming) in demolition areas, with the aim to increase knowledge and awareness of what urban farming/cultivation can contribute with, and also aiming to facilitate meetings between people. Buildings follow Göteborg's programme for environmentally sound construction, and the environmental performance is high in Kvillebäcken. (Ref. 4)
E.g. a park is designed as an elongated room and includes playgrounds, barbecue area, sitting places. Additionally, several types of trees have been planted. (Ref. 9)
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Green playgrounds and school grounds
Parks and urban forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Please specify other type of green roof
Unknown
Type of Green Roof
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Please specify other amenities offered by the NBS
Barbecue areas and sitting places (Ref. 10)
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Water purification / filtration
Cultural services
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Researchers, university
Coalition with multiple of the above
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The landowners formed a consortium, the Kvillebäck Consortium (Kvillenbäckskonsortiet), which consist of BF Veidekke, Derome, HSB, Ivar Kjellberg, NCC, Wal-lenstam och Älvstranden Utveckling. The key actors, togheter with Kvillebäck Consortium, are Göteborg Energy, Business Region Göteborg, Renova, Vechicle Gas in West (Fordonsgas i Väst), the municipal City building office (Stadsbyggnadskontoret), the Traffic office; and the measures are being developed in cooperation with e.g. Volvo, Envac, Västtrafik, Chalmers. Researchers from the University of Göteborg have also been involved in the design and evaluation of the dialogue processes carried out prior to planning the area. (Ref. 3, 8)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Public sector institution
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Researchers/university
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Yes
Please specify the "Regional Directive/Strategy"
In 2006, focus groups were carried out with actors from the business sector in the area, this was done within the framework of the EU Waterfront Communities Project. (Ref. 3)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
The Backplansområdet (Backplan-area), which Kvillenbäcken is a part of, was pointed out in the comprehensive plan of the city of Göteborg, as one of five strategic points where a dense, mixed urban development with good qualities and good accessibility is sought. (Ref. 3)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Please specify other type of mandatory intervention
It was pointed out in the comprehensive plan (Översiktsplanen) for the city of Göteborg with regards to spatial planning. (Ref. 3)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The 'programme for sustainable development' for Kvillebäcken follows the 'programme for environmentally adapted construction' for the city of Göteborg (Program för miljöanpassat byggande). (Ref. 3)
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The landowners formed a consortium and an agreement, the Kvillebäck Treaty (Kvillebäcksfördraget), was established where developers promised to transform Kvillebäcken into a social, economic and ecological sustainable neighborhood. (Ref. 3)
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Launch of Mistra Urban futures, an arena created to innovate cross-sectorial and transdisciplinary sustainable urban development. Since Göteborg is one of seven parties in Mistra Urban Futures (and one of the financiers) the center will be used as an arena to communicate and draw lessons from e.g. East Kvillebäcken. Mistra Urban Futures is a gathering place for knowledge, ideas and experiences. (Ref. 3)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Green Production project was awarded financial resources by Hållbara städer. Funded by Mistra, SIDA and 7 consortium parties (including Göteborg City), the Sustainable Cities Delegation (Hållbara städer) was appointed by the Government to implement various measures that contribute to improved conditions for the development of sustainable cities. (Ref 3, 4)
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Yes
Co-governance arrangement
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The conversion of East Kvillebäcken comprises investments for 600 million EUR (6 billion SEK). (Ref. 3)
The city of Göteborg was granted 3.5 million EUR (35 million SEK) from the Delegation for Sustainable Cities (Hållbara städer) (Ref. 3, 4)
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify system innovation
"Kvillebäcken is the first urban district in Gothenburg built according to the new environmental demands. Traffic and buildings will be adapted to a more environmentally sustainable community, where no inhabitants will be dependent on transport by car. Housing/commercial buildings meet strict demands on energy balance, indoor environment, healthy materials, protection from noise and moisture, greenery in courtyards, and surface water management. New environmental technology solutions will be used in the district, such as efficient collection of household waste and covered bicycle parking. New solutions will also meet strict demands on economic and social sustainability." (Ref.1)Recreational opportunities, meeting place for people (Ref 3) Developing previous port, terminal and industrial areas, and contributing to the city's sustainable growth "inward" towards the center.New construction, increasing public transport capacity, renewable fuel, increasing recovery of organic waste (Ref 3)
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Kvillebäcken is an urban development project in Göteborg, it is the first urban district which will be built according to new, and more stringent, environmental demands. It is the so-called first green district in Göteborg. (Ref. 1)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Information about the Kvillenbäcken project has been spread on a variety of occasions, both through Älvstranden Utveckling (Älvstranden Development), with around 20 field studies have been conducted (where the main theme has been environmental initiatives in Kvillebäcken), and through other partners in the project. Also, visitors from the new Royal Seaport (Norra Djurgårdsstaden) in Stockholm (a urban city developing project). (Ref. 10)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
1. The area has several green areas with vegetation that creates conditions for biological diversity and some of the buildings in Kvillebäcken have green roofs.
2. The green areas provide cooling and lower the local temperature. It also helps in removing pollutants.
3. The area and its residents practice extensive recycling and reuse to reduce ecological footprints. (Ref 2, 3, 4 and 5)
Description of economic benefits
The project was expected to create an addition of just over 2,000 homes and 1,500 jobs. (Ref 2 and 5)
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. The greenery contributes to a comfortable living environment for the residents.
2. Among the building green surfaces, green roofs are expected to function as an extra room with space for socializing, relaxation, sunbathing and not least cultivation.
3. The amenities in public green spaces such as the playground, barbecue area, bench table and seating provide an enjoyable place for both the adults and children.
4. Old meets new in Kvillebäcken: At each move-in, a historical city walk in the area is offered to get to know its surroundings. (Ref 2, 3, 5 and 10)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Total green area, number of residents, CO2 emission reduction and recycling and waste management. The project has just completed. Many of the impacts are only expected. (Ref. 11)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of November, 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Kvillebäcken is classified according to Sweden Green Building Councils system as Environmental building (sv. Miljöbyggnad). (Ref. 11)
Reporting by Boverket: Hållbara Stadsutveckling Kvillebäcken: Lägesredovisning till Boverket 2011 (Ref. 7)
Final reporting by Boverket: Hållbar Stadsutveckling i Kvillebäcken: Slutredovisning till Boverket för 2011-2014. (Ref. 10)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Several dialogues with citizens have been carried out during the detailed plan programme and the detailed plan. (Ref. 3, 10)
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Yes
Please specify
The city of Göteborg will coordinate and report the follow-up/monitoring the measures to the Delegation for sustainable cities (Hållbara städer), and in collaboration with the department of social analysis and statistics, the main project organization will also monitor the results and the effects based on the overall sustainability targets. (Ref. 3)
References
List of references
Ref. 1. Green Gothenburg (n.d.) Kvillebäcken - first green district. Urban development, Energy. Source: https://www.greengothenburg.se/reference-objects/213. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 2. Göteborg Direkt (2013) Kvillebäcken får stans första gröna tak. Source: http://www.goteborgdirekt.se/nyheter/kvillebacken-far-stans-forsta-grona-tak/lgcymet!2eCRPEW2D32SmDg2goRBA/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 3. Göteborgs Stad (2020) Urban Development Gothenburg. Source: https://stadsutveckling.goteborg.se/projekt/kvillebacken/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 4. Fehler, J. (2014) Socialt hållbar stadsutveckling från idé till praktik. Begreppsutveckling i Kvillebäcken. Source: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/6944/1/fehler_j_140630.pdf. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 5. Älvstranden Utveckling (n.d.) Kvillebäcken. Stadsutveckling. Ett bolag i Göteborgs Stad. Source: http://alvstranden.com/stadsutveckling/vara-omraden/backaplan/kvillebacken/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 6. Hällhed, S., Sundberg, G. (2013) Östra Kvillebäcken. En gröna stadsdelen? En fallstudie över Östra Kvillebäcken i Göteborg. Delegationen för Hållbara städer. Source: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/33205/1/gupea_2077_33205_1.pdf. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 7. Orlenius, J. (2011) SOCIAL HÅLLBAR STADSUTVECKLING. Erfarenheter och utmaningar i två
samhällsplaneringsprojekt. Göteborg Universitet. Source: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/37272/1/gupea_2077_37272_1.pdf. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 8. Gustavsson, E. & Elander, I. (2013) Social hållbarhet inte bara "sustainababble"? Från mångtydig vision till analytiskt redskap vid uppföljning av stadsbyggmadsprojekt. HUMUS, Centrum för urbana och regionala studier, Örebro universitet.
Ref. 9. Kvillebäcken (n.d.) Den gröna stadsdelen, Gröna lösningar, Blandstad med gröna ideal. Om Kvillebäcken. Source: https://kvillebacken.se/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Ref. 10. Göteborgs Stad (2014) Hållbar stadsutveckling i Kvillebäck. Slutredovisning till boverket för 2011-2014.
Ref. 11. Kvillebäcken (n.d.) Program för hållbar utveckling i Kvillebäcken. Socialt, Ekologiskt, Ekonomiskt, Version. Kvillebäcken. Source: http://alvstranden.com/stadsutveckling/vara-omraden/backaplan/kvillebacken/. Accessed on 12th November, 2020.
Additional comments
Ref. nr 2 is used to find a contact person for the project.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
The courtyards are bright and pleasant with lots of greenery.
Gothernburg City Council
https://stadsutveckling.goteborg.se/projekt/kvillebacken/
Image
The playground next to Kvillebäcken.
Alvstranden Utveckling
http://alvstranden.com/stadsutveckling/vara-omraden/backaplan/kvillebacken/