1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Kathmandu
Region
Asia
Short description of the intervention
The Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) Mapping is the initiative for Identification, Mapping, and Promotion of Blue and Green Infrastructures for Sustainable Urban Ecosystem in the city of Kathmandu. In line with the 2021 World Environment Day (WED) theme “Ecosystem Restoration”, the consortium of NAXA and Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction (IHRR) officially launched the initiative. All the datasets will be made public through both the open data portal and the OpenStreetMaps. The mapping has only started and until now, it has only mapped the blue infrastructures (rivers, canals, ponds, wetlands, floodplains and water treatment facilities). The green infrastructures will include lawns, parks, fields, forests, greenprints, natural asset maps, ecological networks and street trees. [1, 2]
Address

Kathmandu
Nepal

Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2021
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2021
End date of the intervention
ongoing
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. Mainstreaming blue and green infrastructure on the development policies of the urbanizing cities of Nepal.
2. Identification, mapping, and exploring the measures for conserving and restoring traditional ponds, stone pouts, etc for sustainable urban ecosystems in the core urban areas of rapidly urbanising cities.
3. Preparing a dynamic inventory through systematic and scientific data collection and engaging the youths in its management through the concept of young citizen scientists.
4. Develop a user-friendly, dynamic and comprehensive web platform to visualize the BGI within the city, and regularly update the information through cloud sourcing.
5. Conduct series of research, policy dialogues, and share the best practices on BGI bringing policymakers, decision-makers, researchers, practitioners, students, youths and community stakeholders in a common platform.
6. Orient the stakeholders to adopt locally adapted, resource-efficient and systemic interventions. [1, 2]
Quantitative targets
Identification of 156 locations, operational and management status of the infrastructures, stone spouts and ponds.
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
Please specify "other Type of NBS project"
Mapping of blue and green infrastructures
Implementation activities
Completed activities:
1. Traditional blue infrastructures like Hitis and ponds were studied within the Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Mobilized citizen scientists to collect information, photographs and other attribute datasets. Developed an interactive platform to map and visualize the information of Hitis and ponds.
2. Developed a web interface to visualize the trees alongside roads. A partnership initiative with another organization youth innovation lab during their Save Trees Campaign.
3. A field-based data collection and survey by a team of surveyors to identify Blue infrastructures (particularly hitti (stone spouts) and ponds) within the KMC under the fellowship.
4. Identification of 156 locations, mainly, operational and management status of the infrastructure –stone spouts and ponds.
5. Mobilized surveyors to collect photographs and other attribute datasets of Blue Infrastructures.
6. Discussions with local stakeholders (municipal office, ward office, representatives from local communities) with respect to the current situation, and the cultural significance of these traditional amenities.
7. Created a web-based interactive mapping platform/ web portal to outline and visualize the blue infrastructure datasets.

The team has further laid out some short-term and long-term plans regarding the green infrastructure mapping in the city, which is yet to be done. [2]
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Lakes/ponds
Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Grey infrastructure featuring greens
Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
Green parking lots
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces
Please specify "other Climate change adaptation activity"
Implement solutions to address flooding through mapping blue and green infrastructures
Vegetation Type
Please specify how many trees were planted
Unknown
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Carbon storage/sequestration
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Beneficiaries
Governance
Non-government actors
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Social enterprise
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The initiative is led by the NAXA and the Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction (IHRR). The consortium is partnering with the Geomatic Engineering Society at Kathmandu University to organize the Mapathon activity. [2, 3]
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Researchers/university
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Social enterprise
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
No
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction [based in Nepal]
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
Research on ponds or Hittis under the KMC Mayor Research Fellowship Grant 2020/21. [2]
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Unknown
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify social innovation
The project involves improving the existing processes to an innovative one for identifying the blue and green infrastructures in the city of Kathmandu with a broader objective of helping the decision-makers to take necessary actions to improve city sustainability. [2]
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Previously, with Save Tree Campaign developed a web interface to visualize the trees alongside roads in the past. [1]
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The innovation has high potential to be transferred to other places and for other GI initiative identfication. [2]
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
The impacts for the projects are all awaited as they have just started to be implemented. 14 ponds and 99 water spouts have been identified. The project is expected to promote and conserve the existing blue and green infrastructures in the city with added benefits of:
1. an improved understanding of the advantages of BGI,
2. inclusion of BGI into the national and regional policies,
3. improved capacity building,
4. strengthening the protection against possible flooding and droughts,
5. increase the number of protected habitats and species,
6. improved restoration of degraded ecosystems. [1, 2, 3]
Description of economic benefits
Reduction in disaster management expenditure, for flooding and droughts. [1]
Description of social and cultural benefits
1. The project is expected to improve the safety of climate-related disasters like flooding or drought and their direct impacts on local communities.
2. Identification of the historically and culturally important blue infrastructures is expected to engage locals more towards the NBS and their benefits.
3. The tie-up with Kathmandu University would help some students and young professionals with increased knowledge of GIS and mapping. [1, 2]
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
Unknown
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of October, 2021.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
Yes
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
Yes
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
GIS and OpenStreetMaps
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
Yes
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Intervention website. URL: https://bgi.utilitymaps.org/mappage. Accessed on 13th October, 2021.
2. Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction (2021) Blue and Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Ecosystem. URL: http://inhrr.org/blogs/blue-and-green-infrastructure-for-sustainable-urban-ecosystem. Accessed on 13th October, 2021.
3. UNDRR (2021) BLUE AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN ECOSYSTEM: CELEBRATING WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY, 2021. URL: https://www.preventionweb.net/event/blue-and-green-infrastructure-sustainable-urban-ecosystem-celebrating-world-environment-day. Accessed on 13th October, 2021.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Pond in Kathmandu
Pond in Kathmandu
https://bgi.utilitymaps.org/
Image
BGI Mapping
BGI Mapping
https://bgi.utilitymaps.org/