1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Miskolc (FUA)
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Miskolc-Görömbölyi gyurgyalag fészkelőhely és bányató helyileg védett természeti területté nyilvánítása
Short description of the intervention
The Görömböly European Bee-eater Habitat Protection Project, launched in 2002 in Miskolc-Görömböly, Hungary, is a key conservation initiative dedicated to protecting 26.5 hectares of critical habitat for the highly protected European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) and the Sand Martin, along with the diverse ecosystems thriving in this area.
The site comprises three unique zones: an abandoned sand quarry, a young acacia woodland, and a quarry lake surrounded by marshlands. The sand quarry’s vertical walls provide nesting sites for 15-40 European Bee-eaters and Sand Martins each year, supporting Red-listed species vital to Hungary’s biodiversity. The acacia woodland serves as a feeding ground, while the quarry lake nurtures a rich aquatic ecosystem, hosting protected species like the European Bitterling fish, amphibians such as Green Toads, and a variety of waterfowl, including Mallards, Little Grebes, and occasionally Kingfishers.
This project not only safeguards these vulnerable species but also fosters community engagement, offering residents the chance to learn about local wildlife and ecosystems. Additionally, the initiative promotes scientific study of the area’s ecological development, contributing valuable insights into species behavior and habitat evolution. With an emphasis on nature education and recreation, the project raises public awareness of environmental conservation.
The Municipality of Miskolc plays a crucial role, having designated the area as a protected site and managing its regulatory enforcement and maintenance.
(Ref.1,2,3)
Implementation area characterization
Address

Miskolc
Tégla u. 22
3516
Hungary

Area boundary (map-based)
NBS area image
Source of NBS area image
https://www.google.com/maps/place/48%C2%B003'07.8%22N+20%C2%B046'40.7%22E/@48.0516026,20.7760361,571m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d48.052162!4d20.777978!5m1!1e4?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDgyOC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Total area
265000.00m²
NBS area
265000.00m²
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
unknown
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2002
End date of the intervention
unknown
Present stage of the intervention
Objectives of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
To protect and preserve the nesting sites of the highly protected European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) and the Sand Martin by safeguarding the vertical walls of the abandoned sand quarry where these birds nest.
To conserve the increasingly natural habitats within the area, including the young acacia woodland and the quarry lake with its surrounding marshland, ensuring the continued existence of diverse species such as protected birds, rare insects, and aquatic life and improving the water quality.
To protect the broader ecosystem, with a focus on the rare species that inhabit the area, including specific algae, butterflies, amphibians, and reptiles.
To facilitate scientific observation and study of the area’s ecological development, providing valuable data on species behavior and habitat evolution.
To offer the local community opportunities for rest, recreation, and nature education, encouraging public awareness and appreciation of the natural environment through these activities.
(Ref.1,2,3,4)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities and NBS focus
Implementation activities
In 2002 the municipal government officially designated the area as a protected site, legally securing the habitats of the European Bee-eater and other species. The abandoned sand quarry walls were cleaned and stabilized. Regular scientific monitoring of bird populations, aquatic life, and overall biodiversity was conducted to track the success of conservation efforts.
Conservation and maintenance activities:
The protected area was clearly marked with signs on access roads, gates, and informative signage on protected values. Grassy areas were maintained by mowing or grazing, staying at least 50m from the lake. Reeds in the lake’s southwest were preserved, with removal permitted only by the conservation authority. Reed spread was prevented environmentally, with dried reeds cut and removed in winter. Seaweed and sludge were removed with conservation approval. Only native fish were introduced, while reed-damaging species were prohibited. Fishing was allowed if it didn’t disturb birds, amphibians, or cause noise or litter. Felling of trees required prior approval from the conservation authority, and only indigenous tree species may be planted. Miskolc authorities also prohibited several activities at the site including burning vegetation, vehicle access, mine wall access. Several civil society and nature conservation organizations regularly organize birdwatching opportunities, educating the public about local flora and fauna during their tours.
(Ref.1,2,3,4)
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Blue infrastructure
Lakes/ponds
In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors
Parks and urban forests
Large urban parks or forests
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Scale
Spatial scale
Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Beneficiaries
Demographics in implementation area
The intervention area, Görömböly, is a former village now part of the city of Miskolc, officially known as Miskolc-Görömböly. As of 2008, the total population was 4,241. Despite its incorporation into Miskolc in 1950, Görömböly has retained its rural character, with many residents still engaged in traditional agricultural activities, particularly viticulture. Numerous locals own vineyards and wine cellars in the Ág-hegy and Debri areas. The community maintains a village-like atmosphere, reflecting its historical roots and agricultural heritage. (Ref.5)
Socio-economic profile of the area
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
No
Specify primary beneficiaries
Local residents: The people living in the Görömböly area benefit from the preservation of natural spaces that enhance their quality of life. The project provides them with a tranquil environment for rest and recreation, as well as opportunities to engage with and appreciate local wildlife. The preservation of the area’s rural and natural character also helps maintain the community’s traditional lifestyle, including viticulture.

Environmental scientists and researchers: The project offers valuable opportunities for scientists and researchers to study the area's unique ecosystems, bird populations, and broader biodiversity. This contributes to the understanding and conservation of endangered species, making the area a significant site for scientific inquiry.

Nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers: The protected area attracts birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, who benefit from observing the rare and colorful European Bee-eater and other wildlife in their natural habitat. This contributes to a broader appreciation of nature and the importance of conservation efforts.
(Ref.1,2,3,4)
Marginalized groups
Governance
Governance arrangements
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The Municipality of Miskolc is responsible for designating the area as a protected site and overseeing its management and regulatory enforcement. As part of the municipality of Miskolc environmental specialists and local government authorities are tasked with habitat management, including the maintenance of nesting sites and the conservation of diverse ecosystems. The Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society (Bükki Local Group and NGO) contributes through monitoring bird populations, conducting scientific research, and advocating for the protection of endangered species.
(Ref.1,2,3,4)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Non-government organisation/civil society
Stages of citizen and community engagement
Level of citizen and community engagement
Community empowerment or capacity-building initiatives
Participatory methods/forms of stakeholder involvement (all stakeholders)
Uncommon actors ("Missing actors")
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to a Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The 1996 Act LIII. on "Nature conservation areas" (Ref.3)
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme/type of the plan
Please specify other national policy instrument
national nature conservation regulation (Ref.3)
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
"MISKOLC MEGYEI JOGÚ VÁROS ÖNKORMÁNYZATÁNAK 3/2002 (II.12.) sz. rendelete a Miskolc-Görömbölyi gyurgyalag fészkelőhely és bányató helyileg védett természeti területté nyilvánításáról" (Ref.3)- "Decree No. 3/2002 (II.12.) OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF THE COUNTY OF MISKOLC on the declaration of the Miskolc-Görömbölyi gyurgyalag nesting site and mining pond as a locally protected natural area
Relevant strategy or plan
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Mandatory (based on policy)
Intervention is mandatory
Enablers & Barriers
Type of enablers
Barriers
Unknown.
Financing
Total cost
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unspecified amount provided yearly by the Municipality of Miskolc for site maintenance purposes (Ref.3).
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
n/a
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
Please specify other source of non-financial contribution
Non-profit ornithological conservation and nature organisation (Ref.4)
Type of non-financial contribution
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Entrepreneurship opportunities
Unknown
Business models
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
-Enhanced protection and restoration of freshwater ecosystems: “Among the three parts of the protected area, the third section is the quarry lake and the surrounding marshland, as well as the abandoned quarry yard. The standing water that has formed in the former clay quarry is an ideal aquatic habitat. The lake, with its moderately hard, neutral pH, and low inorganic nutrient content, serves as a habitat for several rare algae species in Hungary. Among the fish, the protected European bitterling can be found. Amphibians such as the green toad, common frog, and crested newt have been recorded, while among reptiles, the grass snake and viviparous lizard are the most common. The birdlife around the lake is also becoming increasingly diverse. Regular visitors include the mallard and tufted duck, with permanent residents like the common moorhen and reed warbler, and occasional appearances by the little bittern and kingfisher.” (Ref.1)
-Increase in protected green space areas/-Increased number of protection areas/-Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems/-Increased protection of threatened species: “The Municipality of Miskolc, in its Decree No. 3/2002 (II.12.), declared the properties registered under the land registry numbers Miskolc 42906/6, 42906/10, and 42906/16 as protected under the name "Görömböly European Bee-eater Nesting Site and Quarry Lake" to legally protect the urban habitat of the highly protected European Bee-eater.” (Ref.1)
-Achieved reduced human-wildlife conflicts/-Achieved reduced biodiversity loss: "Among the fish, the protected European bitterling can be found. Amphibians such as the green toad, common frog, and crested newt have been recorded, while among reptiles, the grass snake and viviparous lizard are the most common. The birdlife around the lake is also becoming increasingly diverse. Regular visitors include the mallard and tufted duck, with permanent residents like the common moorhen and reed warbler, and occasional appearances by the little bittern and kingfisher.” (Ref.1)
Environmental impact indicators
Green space area created (in ha)
26.5
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown.
Description of social and cultural benefits
-Increased opportunities for social interaction/-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: “There are regular bird watching opportunities organised by several civil society and nature conservation organisations, educating the public during their tours on the local flora and fauna.” (Ref.6)
-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: “By establishing the protected area, the municipality aims to provide opportunities for rest and nature education for local residents.” (Ref.1)
-Increased support for education and scientific research: “The Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society regualry monitors the protected area, providing guidance of effective managemt.” (Ref.4)
-Achieved increased awareness of NBS and their benefits: "It is of utmost importance that we ensure their reproduction and living conditions! Since we have a natural, untouched area here, it is our duty to protect it." (Ref.4) "During the breeding season, the typically quiet area comes alive with the song of European Bee-eaters, offering a truly unique experience for passersby. The European Bee-eaters provide a delightful spectacle for both the eyes and ears." (Ref.6)
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Yes
Actors involved in the assessment, monitoring or evaluation of NBS impacts
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Type of indicators
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown.
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Cost-benefit analysis
Unknown
Transparency
Justice
Description of locals satisfaction with the project
"It is of utmost importance that we ensure their reproduction and living conditions! Since we have a natural, untouched area here, it is our duty to protect it." (Ref.4) "During the breeding season, the typically quiet area comes alive with the song of European Bee-eaters, offering a truly unique experience for passersby. The European Bee-eaters provide a delightful spectacle for both the eyes and ears." (Ref.6)
Trade-offs & Negative impacts
Measures to prevent gentrification or displacement
High-quality & Transformative NBS
Multiple impacts delivery (climate, biodiversity, just community)
No
Goal setting and impacts delivery
No, project goals were not set, and benefits were not delivered in all 3 key areas.
Reaching original project goals
Please specify the achievements of the project goals
Biodiversity Goals:
-Enhanced protection and restoration of freshwater ecosystems: “Among the three parts of the protected area, the third section is the quarry lake and the surrounding marshland, as well as the abandoned quarry yard. The standing water that has formed in the former clay quarry is an ideal aquatic habitat. The lake, with its moderately hard, neutral pH, and low inorganic nutrient content, serves as a habitat for several rare algae species in Hungary. Among the fish, the protected European bitterling can be found. Amphibians such as the green toad, common frog, and crested newt have been recorded, while among reptiles, the grass snake and viviparous lizard are the most common. The birdlife around the lake is also becoming increasingly diverse. Regular visitors include the mallard and tufted duck, with permanent residents like the common moorhen and reed warbler, and occasional appearances by the little bittern and kingfisher.” (Ref.1)
-Increase in protected green space areas/-Increased number of protection areas/-Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems/-Increased protection of threatened species: “The Municipality of Miskolc, in its Decree No. 3/2002 (II.12.), declared the properties registered under the land registry numbers Miskolc 42906/6, 42906/10, and 42906/16 as protected under the name "Görömböly European Bee-eater Nesting Site and Quarry Lake" to legally protect the urban habitat of the highly protected European Bee-eater.” (Ref.1)
Socia-Enhanced protection and restoration of freshwater ecosystems: “Among the three parts of the protected area, the third section is the quarry lake and the surrounding marshland, as well as the abandoned quarry yard. The standing water that has formed in the former clay quarry is an ideal aquatic habitat. The lake, with its moderately hard, neutral pH, and low inorganic nutrient content, serves as a habitat for several rare algae species in Hungary. Among the fish, the protected European bitterling can be found. Amphibians such as the green toad, common frog, and crested newt have been recorded, while among reptiles, the grass snake and viviparous lizard are the most common. The birdlife around the lake is also becoming increasingly diverse. Regular visitors include the mallard and tufted duck, with permanent residents like the common moorhen and reed warbler, and occasional appearances by the little bittern and kingfisher.” (Ref.1)
-Increase in protected green space areas/-Increased number of protection areas/-Increased conservation or restoration of ecosystems/-Increased protection of threatened species: “The Municipality of Miskolc, in its Decree No. 3/2002 (II.12.), declared the properties registered under the land registry numbers Miskolc 42906/6, 42906/10, and 42906/16 as protected under the name "Görömböly European Bee-eater Nesting Site and Quarry Lake" to legally protect the urban habitat of the highly protected European Bee-eater.” (Ref.1)
Social justice and community:
-Increased opportunities for social interaction/-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: “There are regular bird watching opportunities organised by several civil society and nature conservation organisations, educating the public during their tours on the local flora and fauna.” (Ref.6)
-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: “By establishing the protected area, the municipality aims to provide opportunities for rest and nature education for local residents.” (Ref.1)
-Increased support for education and scientific research: “The Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society regualry monitors the protected area, providing guidance of effective managemt.” (Ref.4)
Long-term perspective
Yes
Cost-effective solutions
Unknown
Magnitude of change
Application of lessons learned
Perception of Environmental Change
Unknown
References
1.
miskolc-goromboly.hu (n.d.). Gyurgyalag Fészkelőhely és Bányató. Accessed on August 30, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
2.
Hudak, K.; Demeter, Z.; Papp, L. (n.d.). Miskolc város helyi jelentőségű védett és védendő természeti értékei. Zöld Akció Egyesület , p. 17 Accessed on August 30, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
3.
Szadeczki, Z.; Kobold, T. (2002). MISKOLC MEGYEI JOGÚ VÁROS ÖNKORMÁNYZATÁNAK 3/2002 (II.12.) sz. rendelete a Miskolc-Görömbölyi gyurgyalag fészkelőhely és bányató helyileg védett természeti területté nyilvánításáról . Accessed on August 30, 2024, [Download];
4.
Kiraly, Cs. (2022). Miskolc Zöld Kincsei: a görömbölyi homokfal színpompás énekesei. Accessed on August 30, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
5.
Wikipedia contributors (2024). Görömböly. Accessed on September 2, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
6.
eszakhirnok.com (2010). Kedves Madárbarátok!. Accessed on September 2, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
7.
Magyar Termeszetvedok Szovetsege (n.d.). Nyitott szemmel Magyarországon. Accessed on August 30, 2024, [Source link] [Archive];
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
view of the abandoned sandmine turned European bee-eater habitat
Sandwall European bee-eater habitat
minap.hu
Image
European bee-eater nesting holes in the sandwall at Miskloc-Goromboly
European bee-eater nesting holes
Laszlo Mocsari
Image
2 European bee-eaters in their nesting holes
European bee-eaters
Hungarian Nature Conservation Society
Image
Görömböly
Görömböly
https://minap.hu/cikk/miskolc-zold-kincsei-gorombolyi-homokfal-szinpompas-enekesei
Image
Görömböly
Görömböly
https://minap.hu/cikk/miskolc-zold-kincsei-gorombolyi-homokfal-szinpompas-enekesei
Image
Görömböly
Görömböly
https://www.miskolc-goromboly.hu/kepek/n/gyurgyalag.jpg