1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Sheffield
Region
Europe
Short description of the intervention
This project started as a grassroots movement by Hunter’s Bar Infant School (HBIS) in Sheffield when they were seeking to actively help to protect children from air pollution. HBIS led a fundraising campaign that, in collaboration with the University of Sheffield, provided the base to create a green barrier in their playground. The NBS is part of a bigger study called BREATHE that provides the science behind the project, which involves the design of the green barrier, the assessment of its impacts and a feasibility evaluation for installing green barriers in other schools in Sheffield and in Buenos Aires. (1)
Address

Sharrow Vale Road, S11 8ZG
Sheffield
United Kingdom

NBS area
3600.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2018
End date of the intervention
2022
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
1. Design and build a green barrier aimed at improving the air quality of a school playground in Sheffield, UK;
2. Assess the impacts of the green barrier in terms of playground air quality, pupils’ health, and the co-benefits/dis-benefits perceived by the school community;
3. Assess the feasibility of installing a green barrier in two schools in different contexts: Sheffield, UK and Buenos Aires, Argentina (1).
Green barriers are vertical and horizontal spatial arrangements of various types of vegetation. These barriers will be installed in two schools, between the playground and the street. Currently, two schools are taking part in this project. These schools are in Sheffield and Buenos Aires. (3)
Quantitative targets
Serving 269 pupils;
Creating 60 m (3600 sqm) of green barrier between the playground and the street where the school is located;
Involving 50 businesses across the city;
Raising 20,000 pounds;
Planting 50 ivy screens and over 240 plants (1, 2).
Monitoring indicators defined
Number of students impacted;
Amount of area covered;
Number of business to which the project reached out;
Amount of money raised to start the project;
Number of plants needed (1, 2).
Implementation activities
Since its inception in 2017 over 50 businesses and organisations from across the city have supported the #GoGoGreen campaign, offering in-kind services, funds and partnerships essential to its delivery. A combination of fundraising led by our incredible Home School Association and supported by the whole school community, private donations and corporate sponsorship, raised the £20,000 needed for materials, services and plants. The project has also received over £54,000 of in-kind services from businesses donating their time, tools and expertise for free.
In October 2019 teams of volunteers planted 50 ivy screens and over 240 plants in a series of well-attended planting parties.
Daily measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from the school playground were taken since April 2019 (2).
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green walls or facades
Type of Green Wall
Vegetation Type
Amenities offered by the NBS
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Air quality regulation
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Researchers, university
Citizens or community groups
Coalition with multiple of the above
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The initiator of the NBS is Hunters Bar Infant School who partnered with the University of Sheffield Hunters to implement the NBS. The University provided the scientific knowledge and monitored the levels of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from the school playground. The School provided the land and helped in implementing the NBS by funding for it (50 business contributed) and putting out a call for volunteers to plant the species selected (2, 3, 4)
Key actors - initiating organization
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Public sector institution
Non-government organisation/civil society
Business association or network
Researchers/university
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
It is not a local strategy per se, however, the NBS was implemented after the school found out that monthly averages of Nitrogen Dioxide levels in the playground had exceeded World Health Organisation guidelines twice in two years. The local administration supported the project not through a policy but through donating tools to measure air pollution (1,4)
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Please specify other vegetation type
50 ivy screens and over 240 plants (2);
The green barrier at the HBIS playground comprises two key plant layers: a long Hedera helix fence around the playground, followed by an inner barrier comprising a mixed planting of Phyllostachys nigra and three types of conifer trees: Thuja occidentalis, Chaemacyparisus lawsonia and Juniperus scopulorum (3).
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The NBS is part of a feasibility study done at the University of Sheffield: BREATHE: A feasibility study of green barriers to air pollution mitigation in school playgrounds. It was conducted by Researcher Maria del Carmen Redondo Bermudez and it is intended to be conducted in the UK and Argentina. The study will be published in 2021 and will consider the role of green barriers in combating air pollution, as well as their impact on the happiness and wellbeing levels of children, families and staff. (2)
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Co-finance for NBS
Yes
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
£20,000 needed for materials, services and plants (2)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
74,000 Pounds (2)
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Previous cases have not been discussed so it's unclear from where the initiators inspired. This being said, before the implementation there was a literature review of green barriers and plants for air pollution mitigation; plant selection and green barrier design; construction of the green barrier in the school playground; lab experiments to assess the capacity of the green barrier plants to capture particulate matter pollution (1)
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
The NBS must be replicated in a school in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
There will be a report published in 2021, however as of 2020, no results have been published. Even so, the initiators had the following expectations:
-Design of an innovative green barrier to help mitigate air pollution and adapted for playground functionality;
-Air quality improvement in the school playground (1).
Economic impacts
Description of economic benefits
Unknown
Description of social and cultural benefits
There will be a report published in 2021, however as of 2020 no results have been published. Even so, the initiators had the following expectations:
Create green infrastructure that is accepted by the school community and bringing additional benefits, such as nature connectivity, an outdoor learning platform, and pupils’ wellbeing. (2)
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
The project hasn't released indicators but on the website of the school was mentioned that: daily measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) were taken from the school playground since April 2019 (2). The measuring found that there is an hourly trend in nitrogen dioxide emissions, which are often linked to car fumes.”(4)
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of November 2020.
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
It was mentioned that measuring air pollution with different air quality monitors in the school playground and in the city of Sheffield (The measurements have been recorded with a mobile air quality monitor used by the researcher, a fixed device installed inside the playground, and a diffusion tube provided by the city council.) was conducted (3,4)
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Yes
Please specify
School attendance records are also being reviewed to use as a proxy for pupils’ health. Questionnaires are being administered concerning the co/dis-benefits of the green barrier and the environmental awareness of the school community.(3)
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
(1) University of Sheffield (no date), BREATHE 2018-2022, Available at https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/geography/research/projects/breathe/breathe-2018-2022 (Accessed 6-11-2020)
(2) HBIS (no date), All About GoGo Green, Available at https://huntersbarinfantschool.co.uk/gogogreen/, (Accessed 6-11-2020)
(3) Grantham Center for Sustainable Futures (no date), BREATHE: A feasibility study of green barriers to air pollution mitigation in school playgrounds, Available at http://grantham.sheffield.ac.uk/scholars/breathe-green-barriers-air-pollution/ (Accessed 6-11-2020)
(4) UOS Journalism Blog (no date), How green barriers can improve the well-being of children in urban schools, Available at https://uosjournalism.shorthandstories.com/greenbarriersinschools/index.html (Accessed 6-11-2020)
Additional comments
This NBS has been proposed by Maria del Carmen Redondo Bermudez, PhD student at the University of Sheffield.
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Work in progress
https://huntersbarinfantschool.co.uk/gogogreen/
Image
Work in progress
https://huntersbarinfantschool.co.uk/gogogreen/