1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Shenzhen
Region
Asia
Native title of the NBS intervention
愚公计划2.0——冈厦1980海绵城市绿色屋顶示范项目
Short description of the intervention
The Gangxia 1980 green roof, a pilot of the Green Cloud project, was launched by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in collaboration with key partners, including: Zhubo-AAO; Glocal Estate Management; and Urban Planning & Design Institute of Shenzhen (UPDIS) [1]. Located on an old building in Gangxia village in Shenzhen, the project utilizes three-dimensional light steel structures that are simple to construct and have the capacity to hold over 420 plant containers, filled with plants mostly native to Southern China [1, 2]. The original concrete rooftop is transformed by vegetation, which is capable of absorbing and preserving rainwater, creating a nature-based stormwater management system for the residential building, achieving a 65% of run-off control rate [1, 2]. As a result, a living “green cloud” is formed on a rooftop of Gangxia village, showcasing “a model to improve the urban village’s stormwater management system and its living environment” [1. p.33].
Address

Gangxia 1980
Futian District
Shenzhen
518016
China

Total area
90.00m²
NBS area
90.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2017
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2017
End date of the intervention
2017
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The aim of the project was to showcase a model to improve the urban village's stormwater management system as well as providing a green and comfortable commonplace for residents, from which the current living states of residents could be improved [1, 3]. It works with indigenous plants from Shenzhen's coastal region, recreating the original natural habitat of the city and enhancing biodiversity in the area [4]. Through the installation of the green roof, this project also "help regulate room temperature within the building, reduce the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and lower greenhouse gas emissions." [1, p.33]
Quantitative targets
Unknown.
Monitoring indicators defined
Unknown.
Climate change adaptation: What were the goals of the NBS?
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Implementation activities
The construction of the rooftop garden includes the installation of a three-dimensional light steel structure that carries over 410 plant containers/boxes filled with indigenous plants from Shenzhen’s coastal region and a rainwater collection barrel. "The application of the sponge modification is in the planting box embedded in the (steel) grid. There is an aquifer at the bottom of each planting box to trap about 4 litres of rainwater and an overflow at 10 cm where the surplus rainwater can be discharged outside the planting box without causing the roots of the plants to rot due to too much water. After the water in the planting box on the roof overflows, it is collected and discharged into the water storage tank on the second floor. The water storage tank can store up to 400 litres of water. When it is not raining, the water in the water storage tank can be used to water the plants and form the water circulation system of the building itself." [5, p. 82] It is a low-technique project that is designed to be replicable [4].
Meanwhile, to lower the maintenance need and energy consumption, the project selected many native plants in Shenzhen, such as wild peony, Mao Ren, and Rhaphiolepis indica, which accounted for more than three-thirds of the green plant species [4, 5].
Community engagement was one of the key elements to the success of the Green Cloud project. "Due to the unique design of the Gangxia 1980 green roof, some residents of Gangxia village thought illegal construction was going on and filed complaints to the district law enforcement, resulting in the project being forced to stop during the beginning stages of construction. To resolve the problem, TNC made various visits along with Glocal, the property manager, to local community centers, government authorities and law enforcement. The team explained the project and its objectives in further detail, invited them to visit the site and shared details of the design plan with them. After several meetings, the project finally received oral approval from local authorities and the community, allowing construction to recommence... These days, neighbors are friendly and engage with the project by asking questions about the plants in the garden." [1, pp. 33-34]. "Realizing the importance of community and local support, TNC took the lead in engaging many university students, residents and youth volunteers in Shenzhen to come together and be a part of building the Green Cloud Project." [2]
Since the garden’s official opening, TNC has led two summer nature education programs for local children, where students from the village have had the opportunity to be outdoors and learn about subjects like the ecosystem and biodiversity. The program also uses the green roof for children to practice and observe nature in action as they try out their gardening skills. To help build relationships among neighbors, in June 2018 TNC also worked with the Sinolink Education Center in Shenzhen to host a live music concert on the green roof, bringing a piece of cultural life to local citizens [1, 3].
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Green areas for water management
Rain gardens
Please specify other type of green roof
Instead of building directly on the roof, this project thickens the roof by adding a second layer - utilizing three-dimensional light steel structures that are simple to construct and have the capacity to hold over 420 plant containers [2].
Type of Green Roof
What is the level of innovation / development of the NBS related to water management?
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Regulating services
Local climate regulation (temperature reduction)
Air quality regulation
Flood regulation
Water purification / filtration
Mediation of smell / noise / visual impacts
Habitat and supporting services
Habitats for species
Cultural services
Aesthetic appreciation
Inspiration for culture, art and design
Recreation
Intellectual interactions (scientific and / or educational)
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Social and community interactions
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) / Civil society / Churches
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was launched by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in collaboration Zhubo-AAO (a design institute); Glocal Estate Management (who manages the project building and owns the renovation project); the Paradise International Foundation (a nonprofit environmental organization), and Urban Planning & Design Institute of Shenzhen[1, 4, 5].
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Local government/municipality
Non-government organisation/civil society
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Private foundation/trust
Citizens or community group
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
No
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the national regulations/strategy/plan
The rooftop garden is a prominent example of the “Sponge City” initiative, a Chinese national policy framework that focuses on sustainable urban stormwater management [1].
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Yes
Please specify the "local regulation/strategy/plan"
"In 2016, Shenzhen became a pilot city of the “Sponge City” initiative and has been working to help urban communities in Shenzhen become more resilient to urban flooding with green infrastructure. TNC has been assisting the local government in restoring the city’s natural stormwater management system by increasing the amount of green spaces within the city. The availability of empty rooftops is a largely untapped resource, which makes it a perfect location to install green infrastructure." [1, p.33]
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Please specify other type of voluntary intervention
The project was jointly initiated by the Glocal Estate Management (the company who manages the building) and The Nature Conservancy, who have been seeking to promote urban ecological development in China.
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
In 2016, Shenzhen became a pilot city of the “Sponge City” initiative and has been working to help urban communities in Shenzhen become more resilient to urban flooding with green infrastructure [1].
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
If there is a relevant strategy or plan, please specify the theme / type of the plan.
Please specify other vegetation type
Plants in more than 300 planting boxes include common plants (such as kidney ferns, green radish, and passion fruit), native plants in Shenzhen (such as wild peony, Mao Ren, and Rhaphiolepis indica), which accounted for more than three-thirds of the green plant species, as well as Chinese Pennisetum and Furcraea foetida, which can bring coastal landscape effect [4].
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
No
Co-finance for NBS
No
Co-financing governance arrangements
No
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
Total cost
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
Unknown
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
Unknown
Please specify cost savings
Unknown
Please specify total cost (EUR)
Unknown
Source(s) of funding
Type of fund(s) used
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Please specify technological innovation
"The project incorporated the sponge technology in the transformation, taking into account the loadbearing capacity of the building's own roof. In the transformation, the construction team carried out the load test of the building for this old building and made a special design according to the test results. ... The technical application and design of the Gangxia project are based on the architectural characteristics and low-impact development technical requirements of the old buildings in the city. The buildings in the city village have terraces, and the designers use the terrace to build a steel roof garden. In the application of low-impact technology, the designer used a plant box, which maximizes the use of limited roof space and can be practised in a village building with a terrace." [5, p.86]
Please specify social innovation
This project is regarded as a grassroots innovation as it involves collaboration between various stakeholders, from the private, public to the non-governmental sector [5].
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
The project is an innovative pilot project, a demonstration of the multifaceted benefits that green infrastructure can provide in improving the urban environment and people's lives [2, 4]. "As the first green roof sponge city project in Shenzhen (likely to be the first example of similar projects in China), the project... has no precedent to follow." [4]
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
"At the beginning of this year [2018], Shenzhen issued a special document to encourage the society to participate in urban development and provide certain financial support. We also hope that this experience and practice of cooperation between the government and society can be further learned, replicated and promoted."[4]


Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
- The project retains over 65% of the rainfall that reaches its roofs, creating a stormwater management system that can absorb, purify, store and reuse rainwater. Green roofs also help regulate room temperature within the building, reduce the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and lower greenhouse gas emissions [1].
- The project also contributes to recreating the original natural habitat of the city and enhancing biodiversity in the area [1].
Economic impacts
Description of social and cultural benefits
"The green roof not only serves as a sponge for rainwater, but it is also a sponge for community engagement, education, and culture" [2]. The project has “sparked positive social impact for the community, providing a space for social, recreational and educational activities for people of all ages. Since the official opening of the project, the green roof "serves an outdoor classroom for nature education every summer, where children take classes to learn about subjects such as biology, water and conservation." [2] The project also helps build relationships among neighbors by bringing them closer together and fostering a sense of community [1]. "Neighbors are now friendly and engage with the project by asking questions about the plants in the garden. Due to the close proximity of the buildings, some residents can now observe the little green hill on the rooftop right from their apartment windows— a sight seldomly available in an urban village." [1] In June 2018, using the rooftop...as their stage, a group of young musicians held a classical music concert for the residents of Gangxia village, many of whom may never have the means or time to attend a classical concert.
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- percentage of rainfall being retained by the green roof
Analysis of specific impact categories
Job creation: The NBS created ...
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
Unknown as of October 2021
Methods of impact monitoring
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
List of references
1. Qiang, V. & Yu, X. (2019). The Green Cloud Project: Finding Green Space in an Urban Village (Shenzhen, China). Biophilic Cities Journal. 32-35. Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5bbd32d6e66669016a6af7e2/t/5de9265c52923e5e4f27024f/1575560800836/BCJ+V3+IS1_Green+Cloud.pdf [Accessed: 2 October 2021].
2. Qiang, V. & Yu, X. (2020).The Green Cloud, A Rooftop Story from Shenzhen: A “Living” Sponge Space Inside an Urban Village. The Nature of Cities. Available at: https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2020/03/22/the-green-cloud-a-rooftop-story-from-shenzhen-a-living-sponge-space-inside-an-urban-village/ [Accessed: 2 October 2021].
3. Green Cloud/Zhubo-AAO. Arch Daily. Available at: https://www.archdaily. com/902375/green-cloud-zhuboaao [Accessed: 2 October 2021].
4. Shenzhen Special Zone Daily. Available at: http://swj.sz.gov.cn/ztzl/bmzdgz/hmcsjs/shcy/content/post_2918580.html [Accessed: 2 October 2021].
5. Wang, Y. (2019). The practice of grassroots green roof project in Shenzhen, China. Master thesis, Radbound University. Available at: https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/9219/Wang%2C_Yiyu_1.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed: 2 October 2021].
Comments and notes