1. General information
Location and description of the intervention
City or FUA
Toulouse
Region
Europe
Native title of the NBS intervention
Potager sur le toit de la Clinique Pasteur
Short description of the intervention
The Pasteur clinic in Toulouse installed a 500m² vegetable garden on the roof of its building in 2014. Maintained by clinic employees and various associations, the garden makes it possible to develop a friendly atmosphere and learn gardening while promoting biodiversity (Ref. 2). The garden grows produce including green beans, tomatoes, basil, strawberries and raspberries, (Ref. 3) and contains flowers such as nasturtiums, Cosmos, tagettes and edible chrysanthemums (Ref. 4).
Address

BP 27617 31076 CEDEX 3
45 Avenue de Lombez
31300 Toulouse
France

Total area
500.00m²
NBS area
500.00m²
Type of area before implementation of the NBS
Timeline of intervention
Start date of the intervention (planning process)
2014
Start date of intervention (implementation process)
2014
End date of the intervention
2014
Present stage of the intervention
Goals of the intervention
The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing (Ref. 4, 5). It also aims to support raising the awareness of the loss of biodiversity, (Ref. 3) provide food for sustainable consumption with the reduction of external food costs as part of the circular economy, (Ref. 9, 13) and inspire eco-conscious citizens with regular gardening lessons (Ref. 11, 16). "...the goal is not to become self-sufficient. "We want to invent, create a link between the team and the patients. The majority of them very quickly joined the project," says Olivier Collet, technical director of the clinic. "It is also a support for raising awareness of the loss of biodiversity, through old species, around forty varieties of tomatoes and edible flowers..." (Ref. 3).
Quantitative targets
- will provide 150kg of tomatoes and approximately 60kg of green beans in the summer of 2014 (Ref. 1, 3)
- the garden is expected to save between €5,000 and €7,000 annually (Ref. 18)
-"However, Jean-François Bellois, the chef at the Pasteur clinic, can, once a month, cook a meal entirely made up of "local" products. Each year the clinic hopes to harvest a ton of vegetables" (Ref. 1).
Monitoring indicators defined
-annual kg of tomatoes and of kg green beans (Ref. 1, 3)
-annual cost savings (€) (Ref. 18)
-Annual harvest of vegetables (tons) (Ref. 1)
Habitats and biodiversity conservation: What types of conservation goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What types of restoration goals are / were defined for the NBS intervention?
What activities are implemented to realize the restoration goals and targets?
Please specify "other Type of NBS project"
food production (Ref 1,3, 12) ; therapeutic relief-- The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing (Ref. 4, 5)
Implementation activities
The team of Macadam Gardens began the project by re-purposing the unused surfaces and unoccupied terrace of the clinic (Ref. 4). The project began merely focused on restoration, but after three months of works soon caught the attention of patients that wanted to participate in the design and maintenance of it (Ref. 16). The project thus began creating the urban farm, that took a total of 3 weeks (Ref. 12). During this time 4 tons of earth and geotextile plants with ultra-light potting soil were distributed in four irrigation areas (Ref. 12). The plants are now cultivated by disabled workers, employees of the clinic and also by patients (Ref. 1).
-"In all, 150 planters filled with 36,000 liters of ultralight potting soil made up of 50% textile material recycled by an Ariege company house flat beans, tomatoes, zucchini, strawberries, raspberries and a whole collection of aromatic plants" (Ref. 18).
-The Pasteur Clinic project will benefit from a partnership with a local agricultural engineering school to study the vegetable garden in an urban environment, notably on the issue of insect biodiversity and, alongside a sociologist, also research on the impact of the garden on the relationships within the clinic (Ref. 4) The company Nommée Jeune Entreprise Innovante is also said to have worked to measure the environmental impact of this garden in 2015 (Ref. 12).
Type of NBS project
NBS domain and interventions
Ecological domain(s) where the NBS intervention(s) is/are implemented
Nature on buildings (external)
Green roofs
Community gardens and allotments
Community gardens
Please specify other type of green roof
unknown; The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing (Ref. 4, 5)
Type of Green Roof
Please specify the number of plots or allotment gardens
Unknown. presumably one: "The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing" (Ref. 4, 5)
Vegetation Type
Services
Expected ecosystem services delivered
Provisioning services
Food for human consumption (crops, vegetables)
Raw materials
Water (surface and ground water for drinking and non-drinking purposes)
Habitat and supporting services
Maintenance of genetic diversity
Other
Cultural services
Recreation
Mental and physical health and wellbeing
Physical and experiential interactions with plants and animals
Other
Please specify "other habitat and supporting service"
preservation of rare species: support for raising awareness of the loss of biodiversity, through old species, around forty varieties of tomatoes and edible flowers..." (Ref. 3).
Please specify "other cultural service"
Education (Ref. 1).
therapeutic relief: The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing (Ref. 4, 5)
Scale
Spatial scale
Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Beneficiaries
Please specify "other primary beneficiary"
patients of the therapeutic clinic (Ref. 1)
Governance
Governance arrangements
Non-government actors
Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
Private sector/Corporate/Business
Please specify the roles of the specific government and non-government actor groups involved in the initiative
The project was guided by the start-up Macadam Gardens specializing in urban agriculture (Ref. 1). Workers and staff assist in the maintenance of the garden on a voluntary basis, while workers of the ESAT of Nailloux (Establishments and services of assistance by labor) lended help to the personnel for the purposes of construction and labour (Ref. 4). The garden is partially maintained by patients (Ref. 12). The Pasteur Clinic project will benefit from a partnership with a local agricultural engineering school to study the vegetable garden in an urban environment, notably on the issue of insect biodiversity and, alongside a sociologist, also research on the impact of the garden on the relationships within the clinic (Ref. 4) The company Nommée Jeune Entreprise Innovante is also said to have worked to measure the environmental impact of this garden in 2015 (Ref. 12).
Key actors - initiating organization
Land owners
Key actors - Other stakeholders involved (besides initiating actors)
Public sector institution
Private sector/corporate actor/company
Researchers/university
Citizens or community group
Please specify other participatory methods
Workers and staff assist in the maintenance of the garden on a voluntary basis, while workers of the ESAT of Nailloux (Establishments and services of assistance by labor) lended help to the personnel for the purposes of construction and labour (Ref. 4).
Land owners
Participatory methods/forms of community involvement used
Policy drivers
NBS intervention implemented in response to an Regional Directive/Strategy
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a national regulations/strategy/plan
Unknown
NBS intervention implemented in response to a local regulation/strategy/plan
Unknown
Mandatory or voluntary intervention
Voluntary (spontaneous)
Enablers
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS vision/strategy/plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of specific city-level GI/NBS section/part in a more general plan - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Please specify other vegetation type
old species, around forty varieties of tomatoes and edible flowers..." (Ref. 3).
green beans in the summer of 2014 (Ref. 1, 3)
"local" products" "harvest a ton of vegetables" (Ref. 1)
geotextile plants (Ref 12)
"tomatoes, zucchini, strawberries, raspberries and a whole collection of aromatic plants" (Ref. 18).
Presence of city network or regional partnerships focused on NBS - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Presence of GI / NBS research project - mentioned in connection to the project
Yes
Please specify
The Pasteur Clinic project will benefit from a partnership with a local agricultural engineering school to study the vegetable garden in an urban environment, notably on the issue of insect biodiversity and, alongside a sociologist, also research on the impact of the garden on the relationships within the clinic (Ref. 4) The company Nommée Jeune Entreprise Innovante is also said to have worked to measure the environmental impact of this garden in 2015 (Ref. 12).
Subsidies/investment for GI / NBS in the city - mentioned in connection to the project
Unknown
Co-finance for NBS
Unknown
Co-financing governance arrangements
Unknown
Was this co-governance arrangement already in place, or was it set up specifically for this NBS?
Financing
What is/was the Cost/Budget (EUR) of the NBS or green infrastructure elements?
€20 000 (Ref. 3, 18)
What are the total amount of expected annual maintenance costs?
Unknown
What is the expected annual maintenance costs of the NBS or GI elements?
between €5,000 and €7,000 annually (Ref. 18)
Please specify cost savings
"On paper, in-house production should enable the clinic's kitchen to save between 5,000 and 7,000 € each year" through the production of food (Ref. 18).
Please specify total cost (EUR)
The clinic invested €20,000 of its funds into the project amortized over 3 years (Ref. 3, 18).
Source(s) of funding
Please specify other source of funding
Public sector institution (hospital) (Ref. 3, 18).
Non-financial contribution
Yes
Type of non-financial contribution
Please specify other type of non-financial contribution
Workers and staff assist in the maintenance of the garden on a voluntary basis, while workers of the ESAT of Nailloux (Establishments and services of assistance by labor) lended help to the personnel for the purposes of construction and labour (Ref. 4).
Please specify other Business model
therapy: The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing (Ref. 4, 5).
Please specify other environmental impact
sustainable consumption/recycling: 150 plants (Ref. 4) packed with 36,000 liters of ultra-light compost composed of 50% recycled textile (Ref. 18)
Which of the involved actors was motivated by this model?
Type of innovation
Please specify technological innovation
The garden provides educational purposes by supporting the raising of awareness of the loss of biodiversity, (3) and provides the means for sustainable consumption with the reduction of external food costs as part of the site's circular economy, (9, 13).
Novelty level of the innovation
Please specify novelty level of the innovation
Co-founder of the landscape Macadam Gardens company responsible for guiding the rooftop garden project Alex Belin suggests that similar innovations by the agricultural and technological company Lufa Farms in Canada, Montreal, provided the basis for the start-ups' urban farming intervention. (12)
Replicability/Transferability
Please specify Replicability/Transferability
Béatrice Bonzom Dedieu worked on the clinic's terrace re-conversion into a roof top garden alongside Macadam Gardens on the basis of her landscaping work into therapeutic gardens at Auzeville. Another trainee from Auzeville is currently working on another version ("version 2") of the therapeutic garden project undertaken at the clinic. Other clinics are known to be interested of the work, but are not equipped with the necessary budget to fund them. (5)

After the Pasteur clinic, the Macadam Gardens also embarked on a similar project in Muret but the associated business filed for bankruptcy during the implementation of the project. (12)
Impacts, benefits
Description of environmental benefits
Environmental quality:
-Improved waste management: "Organic food waste is recycled into compost and then used in the vegetable garden. This is really what we call the circular economy!" (Ref. 9). 150 plants (Ref. 4) packed with 36,000 liters of ultra-light compost composed of 50% recycled textile (Ref. 18)

Green space and habitat:
-Increased green space area: area of 500m^2 of publicly accessible green space added to vacant rooftop (Ref. 1).
-Reduction of biodiversity loss: "This urban agriculture also contributes to the enrichment of biodiversity in the city" (Ref. 1).
Please specify other socio-cultural impact
Individualized menus are drawn up in consultation with healthcare teams and patients in relation to the garden's produce (Ref. 2).
Description of economic benefits
Increase in agricultural production (for profit or not): "On paper, in-house production should enable the clinic's kitchen to save between 5,000 and 7,000 € each year. 5 kg of strawberries from the terrace have already been deducted from the commissary's budget" (Ref. 18).
"Organic food waste is recycled into compost and then used in the vegetable garden. This is really what we call the circular economy!" (Ref. 9).
Please specify other environmental justice issue
The Vegetable Roof Garden project aims to provide patients and staff therapeutic relief and the means for wellbeing through the environment (Ref. 4, 5)
Description of social and cultural benefits
Social justice and cohesion:
Improved social cohesion: "We started from a perched garden to arrive at a social tool for cohesion" (Ref. 12).
-Improved access to urban green space: area of 500m^2 of publicly accessible green space added to vacant rooftop (Ref. 1).
-Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalized groups or indigenous peoples: The plants are now cultivated by disabled workers, employees of the clinic and also by patients (Ref. 1).
-Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces/Increased opportunities for social interaction: "every Friday around ten people come to help harvest the fruits and vegetables. For me these are times of conviviality: while I spend most of my time in an office, taking the air is simply pleasant. And between colleagues, we have the opportunity to rub shoulders other than professionally" (Ref. 9).
-Increased access to healthy/affordable food: food produced in gardens is used in the hospital's canteen, resulting in cost savings of between 5,000 and 7,000 € each year (Ref. 18). It produced 40kg of tomatoes, 85kg of strawberries, 32kg of courgettes, 1,000ft of salads and about 150 kg of green beans by 2015 (Ref. 2).
-natural heritage/memory: "It is also a support for raising awareness of the loss of biodiversity, through old species, around forty varieties of tomatoes and edible flowers..." (Ref. 3).

Health and wellbeing:
-Gain in activities for recreation and exercise: hospital staff and patients are involved in maintaining the garden (Ref. 18).

Education
-Support education and scientific research: -The Pasteur Clinic project will benefit from a partnership with a local agricultural engineering school to study the vegetable garden in an urban environment, notably on the issue of insect biodiversity and, alongside a sociologist, also research on the impact of the garden on the relationships within the clinic (Ref. 4).
-Increased knowledge of locals about local nature: "A team of ten employees headed by a retiree has just taken care of the maintenance of the planters. And about fifty patients from the oncology department wish to participate in the life of the garden" (Ref. 18).
Individualized menus are drawn up in consultation with healthcare teams and patients in relation to the garden's produce (Ref. 2).
Type of reported impacts
Indicators
- produced 40kg of tomatoes, 85kg of strawberries, 32kg of courgettes, 1,000ft of salads and about 150 kg of green beans by 2015 (Ref. 2)
- 150 plants (Ref. 4) packed with 36,000 liters of ultra-light compost composed of 50% recycled textile (Ref. 18)
- >200m² of plants (Ref. 6)
Environmental, social and economic impacts
Analysis of specific impact categories
Environmental justice: The implementation of the NBS project resulted in ...
Negative impacts: Did the project cause any problems or concerns?
No information was found regarding negative impacts of the project
COVID-19 pandemic
No specific information on accessibility to garden available as of September 21, 2020. Stay at home orders were active in all of France from March 16, 2020 to May 11, 2020 (https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/coronavirus-covid-19). Visits to patients are limited to once a week at the clinic (as of September 21, 2020) (https://www.clinique-pasteur.com/#2=&overlay=actualite/2369).
Methods of impact monitoring
Process of recording NBS impacts
Methods used to evaluate the impacts of NBS
Evidence for use of assessment
Presence of an assessment, evaluation and/or monitoring process
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
No evidence in public records
Presence of monitoring/evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Impact assessment mechanism
Name of any specific impact assessment tools
Unknown
Use of GIS in mapping impacts
No evidence in public records
Citizen involvement
Citizens involvement in assessment/evaluation
Yes
Mode(s) of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Please specify other modes of citizen involvement in evaluation/assessment
Individualized menus are drawn up in consultation with healthcare teams and patients in relation to the garden's produce (Ref. 2).
Citizens involvement in the analysis of the assessment/evaluation
Unknown
Follow-up to the evaluation / assessment
Unknown
References
Documents relevant to the intervention
List of references
1. Martin, Marie. (2014). Toulouse : un potager sur le toit de la clinique Pasteur. Available at: http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/occitanie/haute-garonne/toulouse/toulouse-un-potager-sur-le-toit-de-la-clinique-pasteur-513949.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
2. Q. De Sauw. (2016). Un potager thérapeutique sur le toit de la clinique Pasteur. Available at:http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/06/24/2372236-un-potager-therapeutique-sur-le-toit-de-la-clinique-pasteur.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020). 3. Le service METRONEWS. (2014). LA CLINIQUE PASTEUR INAUGURE UN GRAND POTAGER SUR SON TOIT. Available at:http://www.lci.fr/france/la-clinique-pasteur-inaugure-un-grand-potager-sur-son-toit-1550819.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
4. [no author]. (2014). A Toulouse, un jardin sur le toit de la clinique. Available at:https://lebonheurestdanslejardin.org/2014/12/15/a-toulouse-un-jardin-sur-le-toit-de-la-clinique/ (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
5. [no author]. (2016). Reconversion dans les jardins thérapeutiques. Available at:https://lebonheurestdanslejardin.org/tag/macadam-gardens/ (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
6. Q. De Sauw. (2016). Un potager thérapeutique sur le toit de la clinique Pasteur. Available at:http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/06/24/2372236-un-potager-therapeutique-sur-le-toit-de-la-clinique-pasteur.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
7. Clinique Pasteur. (2015). Visitez le jardin potager de la Clinique. Available at: https://www.clinique-pasteur.com/actualite/1923 (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
8. Clinique Pasteur. (2014). Un jardin potager sur le toit de l'Atrium. Available at: https://www.clinique-pasteur.com/actualite/1607 (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
9. Magazine Goodplanet Info. (2016). La solution est dans l’assiette : un potager pour la clinique Pasteur de Toulouse. Available at: https://www.goodplanet.info/actufondation/2016/03/20/solution-lassiette-potager-clinique-pasteur-de-toulouse/ (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
10. SPH. (2016). IXes Trophées de l'hospitalisation privée. Available at: http://www.techniques-hospitalieres.fr/blog/ixes-trophees-de-l-hospitalisation-privee-n2087 (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
11. Puig, Axel. (2017). Cultiver la santé sur un toit perché. Available at: http://www.lavie.fr/solidarite/agir/cultiver-la-sante-sur-un-toit-perche-12-04-2017-81357_407.php (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
12. Lesage, Nelly. (2016). Macadam Gardens, la start-up toulousaine qui fait pousser les légumes sur les toits des entreprises. Available at: https://actu.fr/societe/macadam-gardens-la-start-up-toulousaine-qui-fait-pousser-les-legumes-sur-les-toits-des-entreprises_3728948.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
13. Aguer, Anne and Desauw, Quentin. (2016). Un jardin potager sur le toit de la clinique Pasteur à Toulouse. Available at: http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/06/23/2371601-jardin-potager-clinique-pasteur-produits-qualite-cultives.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
14. Bories, Olivier. (2015). L’agriculture en ville. Available at: http://sms.hypotheses.org/4539 (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
15. Clinique Pasteur. [no date]. Témoignage de la clinique Pasteur: Quand la restauration fait partie des soins… (Document attached).
16. Martos, Sophie. (2014). Plus qu’un simple projet de restauration: Un potager sur le toit de la clinique Pasteur à Toulouse. Thursday, October 2, 2014 - No. 9353. LE QUOTIDIEN DU MÉDECIN. (Document attached).
17. Macadam Gardens. [no date]. POTAGERS D’ENTREPRISES. Available at: http://macadam-gardens.fr/potagers-dentreprises/ (Website not available in 2020).
18. B.dv. (2014). Un jardin suspendu à la clinique Pasteur. http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2014/07/07/1914334-un-jardin-suspendu-a-la-clinique.html (Accessed: September 21, 2020).
Comments and notes
Public Images
Image
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Photographer: Alexandre Belin (Macadam Gardens), retrieved 08/13/2018
Image
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Photographer: Alexandre Belin (Macadam Gardens), retrieved 08/13/2018
Image
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Vegetable Garden at the Roof of the Pasteur Clinic
Photographer: Alexandre Belin (Macadam Gardens), retrieved 08/13/2018