Görömböly sandwall European Bee-eater habitat
The Görömböly European Bee-eater Habitat Protection Project, launched in 2002 in Miskolc-Görömböly, Hungary, is a key conservation initiative dedicated to protecting 26.5 hectares of critical habitat for the highly protected European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) and the Sand Martin, along with the diverse ecosystems thriving in this area.
The site comprises three unique zones: an abandoned sand quarry, a young acacia woodland, and a quarry lake surrounded by marshlands. The sand quarry’s vertical walls provide nesting sites for 15-40 European Bee-eaters and Sand Martins each year, supporting Red-listed species vital to Hungary’s biodiversity. The acacia woodland serves as a feeding ground, while the quarry lake nurtures a rich aquatic ecosystem, hosting protected species like the European Bitterling fish, amphibians such as Green Toads, and a variety of waterfowl, including Mallards, Little Grebes, and occasionally Kingfishers.
This project not only safeguards these vulnerable species but also fosters community engagement, offering residents the chance to learn about local wildlife and ecosystems. Additionally, the initiative promotes scientific study of the area’s ecological development, contributing valuable insights into species behavior and habitat evolution. With an emphasis on nature education and recreation, the project raises public awareness of environmental conservation.
The Municipality of Miskolc plays a crucial role, having designated the area as a protected site and managing its regulatory enforcement and maintenance.
(Ref.1,2,3)
The site comprises three unique zones: an abandoned sand quarry, a young acacia woodland, and a quarry lake surrounded by marshlands. The sand quarry’s vertical walls provide nesting sites for 15-40 European Bee-eaters and Sand Martins each year, supporting Red-listed species vital to Hungary’s biodiversity. The acacia woodland serves as a feeding ground, while the quarry lake nurtures a rich aquatic ecosystem, hosting protected species like the European Bitterling fish, amphibians such as Green Toads, and a variety of waterfowl, including Mallards, Little Grebes, and occasionally Kingfishers.
This project not only safeguards these vulnerable species but also fosters community engagement, offering residents the chance to learn about local wildlife and ecosystems. Additionally, the initiative promotes scientific study of the area’s ecological development, contributing valuable insights into species behavior and habitat evolution. With an emphasis on nature education and recreation, the project raises public awareness of environmental conservation.
The Municipality of Miskolc plays a crucial role, having designated the area as a protected site and managing its regulatory enforcement and maintenance.
(Ref.1,2,3)
Cuihu Lake Restoration
In the 1980s, rapid industrialization, urban population growth, and increased water usage led to severe pollution in Dianchi Lake, exceeding its environmental capacity and significantly degrading its water quality (Ref 1). This deterioration had serious effects on nearby ecosystems, including Cuihu Lake (Ref 2). Cuihu Lake (翠湖), also known as Green Lake Park, is a well-known park and body of water in the center of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. In Cuihu lake the decline in water quality caused a sharp reduction in native species like the golden line barb, which depend on the local ecosystem for survival, pushing them to near extinction and destabilizing the entire ecosystem (ibid.).
To address this, several effective initiatives have been launched to restore Cuihu Lake’s ecosystem in recent years (Ref 2, 3). One of them was started in 2020 when a restoration project was initiated by the site's administration in collaboration with Dr. Li Weiwei’s team from the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project focused on creating micro-habitats and restoring the aquatic ecosystem (ibid.). Ecosystem and biodiversity restoration efforts were conducted across a 5,000 m² area on the east side of Green Lake Park, covering approximately 1/27th of the lake (ibid.).
As a result, more than 20 aquatic animal species are now thriving and contributing to water purification, while three submerged plant species cover over 50% of the project area (Ref 2, 3, 4). Bird diversity and numbers are also increasing, with species like white-breasted kingfishers, green-winged teals, and crested guinea-fowls returning to the area (ibid.). Additionally, there has been a significant improvement in water quality (ibid.).
To address this, several effective initiatives have been launched to restore Cuihu Lake’s ecosystem in recent years (Ref 2, 3). One of them was started in 2020 when a restoration project was initiated by the site's administration in collaboration with Dr. Li Weiwei’s team from the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project focused on creating micro-habitats and restoring the aquatic ecosystem (ibid.). Ecosystem and biodiversity restoration efforts were conducted across a 5,000 m² area on the east side of Green Lake Park, covering approximately 1/27th of the lake (ibid.).
As a result, more than 20 aquatic animal species are now thriving and contributing to water purification, while three submerged plant species cover over 50% of the project area (Ref 2, 3, 4). Bird diversity and numbers are also increasing, with species like white-breasted kingfishers, green-winged teals, and crested guinea-fowls returning to the area (ibid.). Additionally, there has been a significant improvement in water quality (ibid.).
The Çukurova University Botanical Garden
The Çukurova University Botanical Garden was initiated in 1972 by the Department for Landscape Architecture to protect and conserve the rich native and non-native biodiversity of the region for future generations (Ref. 5,9). Its establishment responds to the lack of Botanical Gardens in Türkiye despite the country's great diversity. The Garden also wants to offer protection for increasingly threatened species in the face of rapid and uncontrolled urbanization (Ref. 5,9). Being located close to two Deltas and an important agricultural region, the collection also aims to include a great number of wetland and agricultural species, drawing public attention to the importance of these ecosystems (Ref. 6). As such, the University invites every school in Adana to visit and participate in its ongoing educational activities and primary school children are offered hands-on gardening programmes (Ref. 1,2). Furthermore, visitors can immerse themselves and learn about various vegetation zones, including endemic maquis, where stairs, walking paths and information boards have been installed (Ref. 4). The University maintains research activities in the Botanical Garden and in on site laboratories, which regularly host interns (Ref. 4). To ensure the stready supply of plant material for landscaping and education, nurseries have been set up and in 2020 a 250 m² medicinal and aromatic plant greenhouse was added where students of the Faculty of Agriculture are trained and endemic species grown (Ref. 9,10).
Avas Tomato Community Garden
The Avas Tomato Community Garden, located in a formerly neglected area of the Avas hill of Miskolc, has transformed from an overgrown, rat-infested, and litter-strewn space into a thriving community garden. Just a few years ago, this site was a source of concern for local residents, plagued by issues such as homelessness and illegal dumping. Today, however, it stands as a flourishing green space with fresh garden beds, composting boxes, a pavilion offering shade to gardeners, and a renewed sense of community spirit.
The seeds of the Avas Tomato Community Garden project were planted in the fall of 2014, led by Zsolt Jakab and Ákos Káli-Nagy. The initiative began with the establishment of the "Panelkertész" club, and by 2016, with the support of a local representative, the garden began to take shape. The gardening community that blossomed in the spring of 2017 was built upon the strong relationships within the established Avas neighborhood. Working together, members constructed the garden beds according to a precise schedule and, through frequent discussions, developed a close-knit community. The garden now consists of 20 large and 6 smaller beds, with 18 families actively growing vegetables, herbs, and spices, alongside raspberry and strawberry plants by the fence.
The community has greatly benefited from both the professional support and supply donations provided by the Miskolc Ecological Institute Foundation. Additionally, the Dialóg Association has played a key role in organizing the garden users and fostering collaboration. Initially, Dialóg appointed a coordinator for the garden, but this responsibility has since been handed over to the gardeners themselves. Owned by the Municipality of Miskolc, the Avas Tomato Community Garden continues to thrive as a model of successful urban gardening, uniting people with a shared passion for gardening and a commitment to building a strong, supportive community.
(Ref.1,2,3)
The seeds of the Avas Tomato Community Garden project were planted in the fall of 2014, led by Zsolt Jakab and Ákos Káli-Nagy. The initiative began with the establishment of the "Panelkertész" club, and by 2016, with the support of a local representative, the garden began to take shape. The gardening community that blossomed in the spring of 2017 was built upon the strong relationships within the established Avas neighborhood. Working together, members constructed the garden beds according to a precise schedule and, through frequent discussions, developed a close-knit community. The garden now consists of 20 large and 6 smaller beds, with 18 families actively growing vegetables, herbs, and spices, alongside raspberry and strawberry plants by the fence.
The community has greatly benefited from both the professional support and supply donations provided by the Miskolc Ecological Institute Foundation. Additionally, the Dialóg Association has played a key role in organizing the garden users and fostering collaboration. Initially, Dialóg appointed a coordinator for the garden, but this responsibility has since been handed over to the gardeners themselves. Owned by the Municipality of Miskolc, the Avas Tomato Community Garden continues to thrive as a model of successful urban gardening, uniting people with a shared passion for gardening and a commitment to building a strong, supportive community.
(Ref.1,2,3)
Green in School Gardens - Cagliari
In 2023, the municipality of Cagliari initiated a project to transform 50 school gardens into vibrant, multifunctional outdoor spaces that enhance education and recreation. Co-funded under an EU program, this initiative aims to create environments where students can learn and play outdoors, taking advantage of the city’s favorable climate. The gardens are being upgraded with new features, such as trees, educational vegetable plots, diverse plant species, playground equipment, and furniture, to provide versatile spaces for learning, sports, and play.
Automated irrigation systems are being installed in each garden, conserving water by adjusting based on soil humidity and detecting leaks. This technological upgrade ensures efficient maintenance of the green spaces.
Overall, the project seeks to enrich the educational experience by integrating nature into daily school life. It aims to promote students' physical and psychological well-being through more opportunities for outdoor learning and activities, fostering a connection with nature, and improving the overall quality of the school environment (Refs. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5).
Automated irrigation systems are being installed in each garden, conserving water by adjusting based on soil humidity and detecting leaks. This technological upgrade ensures efficient maintenance of the green spaces.
Overall, the project seeks to enrich the educational experience by integrating nature into daily school life. It aims to promote students' physical and psychological well-being through more opportunities for outdoor learning and activities, fostering a connection with nature, and improving the overall quality of the school environment (Refs. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5).
Medicinal and food plant nursery
The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the population in developing countries use medicinal plants for health prevention and care, primarily in rural areas (3). These plant species have therapeutic potential in treating various diseases, and they are considered safe and effective medications with fewer side effects and affordable prices (3). In Peru, medicinal plants have historically been used to treat respiratory, gastrointestinal, and digestive ailments. To this day, they continue to be used by both native and urban communities (3).
To promote, develop, and encourage research, innovation, and technologies related to the use, preservation, conservation, and employment of medicinal and food plants, the National Center for Social and Intercultural Research in Health (CENSI) of the National Institute of Health (INS) has inaugurated its medicinal and food plant nursery located in one of its facilities (Chorrillos) in Lima (1, 3). The primary objective of this project is to adapt various species from the coast, mountains, and jungle of the country and initiate a plant production program that contributes to improving public health, environmental quality and the revitalization of the ancestral knowledge of indigenous, Amazonian, Andean, and Afro-Peruvian communities (1). Additionally, it aims to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change by creating green areas, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels through plant photosynthesis, improving soil quality, and promoting the responsible use of water resources, among others (3).
For the development of this project, the INS is working in collaboration with the International Organization for Migration to benefit not only the health and well-being of the Peruvian community but also promote the integration and care of the migrant population in the country (2).
To promote, develop, and encourage research, innovation, and technologies related to the use, preservation, conservation, and employment of medicinal and food plants, the National Center for Social and Intercultural Research in Health (CENSI) of the National Institute of Health (INS) has inaugurated its medicinal and food plant nursery located in one of its facilities (Chorrillos) in Lima (1, 3). The primary objective of this project is to adapt various species from the coast, mountains, and jungle of the country and initiate a plant production program that contributes to improving public health, environmental quality and the revitalization of the ancestral knowledge of indigenous, Amazonian, Andean, and Afro-Peruvian communities (1). Additionally, it aims to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change by creating green areas, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels through plant photosynthesis, improving soil quality, and promoting the responsible use of water resources, among others (3).
For the development of this project, the INS is working in collaboration with the International Organization for Migration to benefit not only the health and well-being of the Peruvian community but also promote the integration and care of the migrant population in the country (2).
Rain Garden 2.0
The Rain Garden 2.0 project at Gdańsk University of Technology is an innovative green infrastructure initiative that manages and purifies rainwater while enhancing biodiversity. Part of the international NICE (Nature-based solutions for urban climate adaptation) initiative, this project serves as a living hub for testing solutions to address urban climate challenges. Opened in July 2023, the rain garden exemplifies a multifunctional approach to water retention, pollutant filtration, and urban biodiversity support. It is located behind the Faculty of Chemistry's Building C and has a capacity exceeding 11 cubic meters. (Ref. 1; Ref. 6)
The garden, designed by researchers from the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering under the leadership of Prof. Magdalena Gajewska, captures rainwater runoff to prevent urban flooding and mitigate the strain on storm sewer systems. It absorbs pollutants, improves water quality, and supports over 1,100 hydrophyte plants, creating a natural solution for heavy rainfall events.
Beyond water management, the garden contributes significantly to urban biodiversity. Its moist soil and diverse plant species—designed to thrive in a range of conditions—help create habitats for insects and other small wildlife, boosting ecological resilience. (Ref. 1)
The rain garden’s innovative design consists of several key components. The first stage channels rainwater into reservoirs, reducing the energy of inflowing water. Subsequent parts purify the water through sedimentation processes, effectively filtering out pollutants such as those from streets and roads. Early research shows that these purification methods work exceptionally well, retaining a broad spectrum of pollutants before the water reaches the garden’s main basin. The project also benefits from cutting-edge laboratory equipment, allowing for detailed monitoring and analysis of water quality. (Ref. 1)
The garden, designed by researchers from the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering under the leadership of Prof. Magdalena Gajewska, captures rainwater runoff to prevent urban flooding and mitigate the strain on storm sewer systems. It absorbs pollutants, improves water quality, and supports over 1,100 hydrophyte plants, creating a natural solution for heavy rainfall events.
Beyond water management, the garden contributes significantly to urban biodiversity. Its moist soil and diverse plant species—designed to thrive in a range of conditions—help create habitats for insects and other small wildlife, boosting ecological resilience. (Ref. 1)
The rain garden’s innovative design consists of several key components. The first stage channels rainwater into reservoirs, reducing the energy of inflowing water. Subsequent parts purify the water through sedimentation processes, effectively filtering out pollutants such as those from streets and roads. Early research shows that these purification methods work exceptionally well, retaining a broad spectrum of pollutants before the water reaches the garden’s main basin. The project also benefits from cutting-edge laboratory equipment, allowing for detailed monitoring and analysis of water quality. (Ref. 1)
Roof Water Farm
The ROOF WATER-FARM is an innovative demonstration site located in the heart of Berlin, near Potsdamer Platz, showcasing sustainable urban infrastructure that integrates wastewater treatment and food production. Situated in the "Block 6" quarter of the 1987 International Building Exhibition in Berlin-Kreuzberg, the site transforms wastewater and rainwater collected from nearby buildings into usable resources for farming and fertilizer production (Ref. 1). This project provides a real-world example of how sustainable systems can be incorporated into everyday urban design to enhance resilience and functionality.
At the ROOF WATER-FARM, water from rooftops and surrounding households is channeled into a treatment plant, where it is analyzed for micropollutants and purified. The treated water is then used for both fish farming in aquaponics systems and plant irrigation in hydroponic farming. The nutrient-rich water from the fish tanks nourishes plants, while also contributing to the production of food. This integrated approach actively supports climate protection by managing rainwater runoff and using plants for CO2 storage, helping to mitigate the urban heat island effect (Ref. 4).
This demonstration site embodies how cities can move toward a circular economy, where wastewater is reused for both farming and water management. The project also serves as a hub for learning and experimentation in sustainable urban design, with the greenhouse acting as a space for collaboration and innovation in infrastructure development (Ref. 2; Ref. 5). By incorporating these technologies into urban environments, the ROOF WATER-FARM demonstrates a future where buildings and neighborhoods efficiently recycle water, produce food, and reduce environmental impact.
At the ROOF WATER-FARM, water from rooftops and surrounding households is channeled into a treatment plant, where it is analyzed for micropollutants and purified. The treated water is then used for both fish farming in aquaponics systems and plant irrigation in hydroponic farming. The nutrient-rich water from the fish tanks nourishes plants, while also contributing to the production of food. This integrated approach actively supports climate protection by managing rainwater runoff and using plants for CO2 storage, helping to mitigate the urban heat island effect (Ref. 4).
This demonstration site embodies how cities can move toward a circular economy, where wastewater is reused for both farming and water management. The project also serves as a hub for learning and experimentation in sustainable urban design, with the greenhouse acting as a space for collaboration and innovation in infrastructure development (Ref. 2; Ref. 5). By incorporating these technologies into urban environments, the ROOF WATER-FARM demonstrates a future where buildings and neighborhoods efficiently recycle water, produce food, and reduce environmental impact.
Floating University
The Floating University was initiated in 2018 at the rainwater retention basin of the former Tempelhof airport in Berlin. Though not an official university, it serves as a space for transdisciplinary, communal learning, transforming an abandoned urban site into a vibrant community resource. The project reclaims the basin, hosting workshops and events that range from ecological lectures to cultural and art programs, fostering collaboration between diverse disciplines and communities.
The architecture collective raumlaborberlin originally envisioned the project as a six-month initiative. Artists, universities, and seminar groups contributed to designing the space and organizing workshops. However, due to its success, an NGO, Floating e.V., was established to sustain the project. Today, the NGO manages the site and continues its mission of engaging communities with urban and ecological themes.
After Tempelhof airport closed in 2008, the basin was infrequently cleaned, leading to contamination and sediment accumulation. Over time, a wetland ecosystem emerged, attracting plants, insects, birds, mammals, and amphibians. This natural development complements the Floating University’s infrastructure, which consists of open timber structures like a kitchen, art installations, communal spaces, vertical gardens, gardening beds, and an auditorium. These structures integrate seamlessly with the basin’s existing technical framework and wetland environment.
Floating e.V. aims to make the basin accessible to Berlin’s urban population while sparking discussions about urban climate, resource management, and water cycles through diverse and artistic programs. Smaller initiatives focus on specific ecological themes, such as plant diversity and soil health, through projects like a seed archive and soil lab.
The Floating University exemplifies how abandoned urban spaces can be revitalized into hubs for learning, creativity, and ecological awareness. (1-3, 8, 9)
The architecture collective raumlaborberlin originally envisioned the project as a six-month initiative. Artists, universities, and seminar groups contributed to designing the space and organizing workshops. However, due to its success, an NGO, Floating e.V., was established to sustain the project. Today, the NGO manages the site and continues its mission of engaging communities with urban and ecological themes.
After Tempelhof airport closed in 2008, the basin was infrequently cleaned, leading to contamination and sediment accumulation. Over time, a wetland ecosystem emerged, attracting plants, insects, birds, mammals, and amphibians. This natural development complements the Floating University’s infrastructure, which consists of open timber structures like a kitchen, art installations, communal spaces, vertical gardens, gardening beds, and an auditorium. These structures integrate seamlessly with the basin’s existing technical framework and wetland environment.
Floating e.V. aims to make the basin accessible to Berlin’s urban population while sparking discussions about urban climate, resource management, and water cycles through diverse and artistic programs. Smaller initiatives focus on specific ecological themes, such as plant diversity and soil health, through projects like a seed archive and soil lab.
The Floating University exemplifies how abandoned urban spaces can be revitalized into hubs for learning, creativity, and ecological awareness. (1-3, 8, 9)
Vertical Biogarden
The Surco district of Lima has implemented a vertical bio-garden occupying a 685 square meter area within El Aire Park. The garden comprises a 600-meter linear structure supporting 11,000 planters fabricated from recycled plastic bottles. This system yields a substantial crop production of between 400 and 1,500 varieties on a 20-day cycle (1).
Initiated by the Municipality of Santiago de Surco, the bio-garden is designed to contribute to the district's economic, nutritional, and environmental sustainability (1, 2, 3, 5). By cultivating high-protein, nutrient-rich crops, the municipality provides essential sustenance to 24 local community kitchens (1), a local market (3), parishes, and social aid organizations (1).
To optimize crop yield, the municipality has implemented specialized techniques, including seedling cultivation, harvesting, and organic fertilization, to prevent pest and disease infestations (1). Since its implementation in 2020 with an initial 7,000 planters, the project has expanded by 300% to accommodate 11,000 (1). Cultivated plant varieties include medicinal herbs, leafy greens, root vegetables, and infusion ingredients (2, 5).
Additionally, the initiative serves as an educational platform, demonstrating and spreading sustainable home gardening practices utilising recycled materials such as plastic bottles (3, 5).
Initiated by the Municipality of Santiago de Surco, the bio-garden is designed to contribute to the district's economic, nutritional, and environmental sustainability (1, 2, 3, 5). By cultivating high-protein, nutrient-rich crops, the municipality provides essential sustenance to 24 local community kitchens (1), a local market (3), parishes, and social aid organizations (1).
To optimize crop yield, the municipality has implemented specialized techniques, including seedling cultivation, harvesting, and organic fertilization, to prevent pest and disease infestations (1). Since its implementation in 2020 with an initial 7,000 planters, the project has expanded by 300% to accommodate 11,000 (1). Cultivated plant varieties include medicinal herbs, leafy greens, root vegetables, and infusion ingredients (2, 5).
Additionally, the initiative serves as an educational platform, demonstrating and spreading sustainable home gardening practices utilising recycled materials such as plastic bottles (3, 5).
