Extensive Green Roof: depth 3 - 5 inches; plants: Mosses, Sedums, Succulents, Herbs and few Grasses; Low maintenance and costs

The park has been upgraded to include newly planted trees and shrubs, a meadow, children playgrounds, sitting areas for adult visitors, a wooden footbridge, and a water retention pond which collects rainwater from the roofs of nearby houses. The aim of the project was to establish and restore near-natural vegetation in the urbanized area, enhance biodiversity at the site, handle rainwater in a smart way, and provide a place for recreation (Ref. 2; Ref. 3; Ref 4). Additional restorations have included the creation of barbecue areas for gathering and cooking, and events are hosted at the space as well (Ref 8). Through voting, wider park expansions have also been approved (Ref 9).

Take Heart charity contracted Landscape Projects and artist Susan Trangmar for the creation of a roof garden at Leeds General Infirmary. The garden situated on the 5th floor is close to the intensive care wards where patients are placed to recover from major operations. The rooftop’s garden ideas developed around the idea of a garden as an escape from the intensity of the hospital for patients, staff and visitors, and the requirements of a therapeutic environment which could begin the process of reconnecting patients to the world again. (Ref 5)

The University of Portsmouth Library extension project includes a green roof with sustainability features signed up to a Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) assessment. (3) The award-winning features include the rainwater collection system for flushing toilets and a sedum roof. (2)

The Royal Palace of Naples (Palazzo Reale di Napoli) is a palace, museum, and historical tourist destination located in central Naples, southern Italy. In 2016, the rooftop gardens of the Palace were part of the project to renew the historical royal palace to reopen the green space on the top of the Palazzo. The external walls of the internal part have been covered by flowers and plants. In addition, new services have been provided, such as bar, restaurants, recreation areas, providing at the same time economic opportunities and new jobs. (Ref.1.)

This audit, consisting of two parts, maps all green spaces in the Doncaster borough and presents an analysis of the quality and quantity of these areas as subdivided into 88 communities in Doncaster. It aims to better understand the multi-functionality of these spaces as well as what are the leverage points to improve their quality.
The first part of the audit contributes toward the evidence base required for the Local Development Framework (LDF) Sites and Policies Development Plan Document. It will also be a useful reference document complementing Core Strategy policy (CS17) providing green infrastructure. Part two of the green space audit investigated the quality and value of the sites. It allows the council to identify priority green spaces, ascertain their formal and informal intended use and allow the council to make strategic decisions on priorities and long term management. It also looks at community profile areas where provision exceeds the defined standards and investigates if green spaces in these areas are surplus to requirement. (Ref 1 & 5).

The project involves building two green roofs on saunas in Water Park ‘Termy Maltanskie’ in Poznan. The roofs serve multiple purposes including rainwater retention, thermal insulation, habitat for insects, improvement of the air quality by the production of oxygen and absorption of CO2, and aesthetic functions for the visitors to the amenities [1,2,3].

The first shopping center in Romania which has a green roof installed aiming at increasing environmental awareness among its consumers but also including a green space in an area surrounded by building blocks. (1)

The project was born from the purchasing of an ex-military area in the Flaminio neighbourhood and the decision to build a city of science with a museum, a public park and residential areas that will have green roofs and sustainable, energy-efficient building. The project was proposed to several architectural studios and the Studio 015 Paola Viganò is the one who got assigned the project in 2015 (3).
Due to changes in public administration and financing already found in 2017 (7), the project still has not started (2020), as in 2019 the citizens were once again consulted over the works and the project (7). Initially, the project should end in 2023 (should last 8 years) (4).

The roof of IKEA in Åsane outside Bergen covers 22,000 m2 and has been covered with plants since 2011. (Ref. 1) The green roof promotes biodiversity, cleanses the air from pollutants and acts an important flood prevention measure in the region, as Bergen experiences a lot of rainfall and is expected to receive more as a consequence of climate change over the coming decades. (Ref. 3,5) The roof has attracted a lot of birdlife, including endangered species. (Ref. 2)

This office complex at 10 Gedonstrasse in Munich was completed in the spring of 2002 with a pre-grown Ceratodon purpureum green roof and living green wall panels. It uses a special technique called BRYOTEC Technology, which enables the producing of (plant) mosses for revitalization. The biological crusts of mosses which it produces play a very important role in engineered soil media stabilisation, accelerating the development of depleted soils/substrates for vegetation establishment.
The extensive green roof is built up from mosses that require minimum maintenance. (Reference 1, 4)