Maintenance and management of urban nature

The project created a friendly green recreation area for the elderly in the neighbourhood where there is a lack of spaces dedicated to the elderly. The plans involve the revitalization of a neglected square, plantings assorted greenery and preservation of the existing trees. The NBS should foster physical activity and social inclusion of the elderly residents in the neighbourhood, as well as to lead to the revitalization of the district and improved standards of living [1,2].

The initiative aimed to create a layout of flowers and perennials in the green belt at Ogrodowa Street in the urban area where historically gardens were located. The initiators also took care of the existing tree crowns. The project has created a green enclave in the very heart of the city, a place for walking and relaxation. It has improved the image and increased the attractiveness of the area. The local community is involved in planting and maintaining the flowerbed [1,2].

"Walking pathway located on the banks of the river of the Arc which flows to the south of the city. It follows the meanders of the river and includes games for children, a fitness trail, meadows in the shade of tall trees that border the stream. It covers an area of 10 hectares." (Ref. 1)

In order to improve the Indian Neighourhood, a 'ribbon' of multiple pocket parks was created that improves social cohesion and environmental quality. The area lacked social cohesion previous to the creation of the pocket parks and was faced with nuisance from addicts and drug dealers as they were involved in disturbing behaviour, vandalism and criminality (1,10). This created an unsafe environment for the inhabitants of the neighbourhood (1,5) In the stamp parks, social activities are organized and the green spaces are completely managed by citizens themselves. (1)

The project seeks to plant a 300 square meters flower meadow in the Lublin city centre, in an area between two busy roads. The field would increase biodiversity in the urban ecosystem, function as a habitat for the pollinators, produce oxygen, absorb pollution and serve an aesthetic purpose.
As one of the first initiatives of this type in Lublin, the project would be monitored on an on-going basis. It serves as a pilot study for the following projects alike [1,2].

Grangetown is the site for a flagship environmental programme to tackle flood risk and water waste (ref 5). This scheme catches, cleans and diverts rainwater directly into the River Taff instead of pumping it over 8 kilometres to the sea. It will make Grangetown a greener, cleaner place and enhance local biodiversity (ref 2). Every year more than 40,000m³ of rainwater is diverted from entering the combined sewer network (ref 1). Interventions include planters, swales, bio-retention ponds, permeable paving and curb drainage, making use of the existing streetscape. 108 rain gardens have been created, and 130 trees have been planted; the area has been deemed the 1st "bicycle street" in Wales (ref 8). Wider benefits include education, health, well-being (ref 1).

In 2014, a high school in the center of Craiova decided to transform a part of its space into a vegetable garden, National Pedagogical College "Stefan Velovan". The initiative is the only one implemented in the region and aims not only at teaching children about the benefits of bio food but also aims to save consumption costs (1, 3).

The largest park that Craiova has (third in Europe and second in Romania), the Nicolae Romanescu park is a historical area which includes green space, a hippodrome, a lake and a zoo. In 2015 the park went into rehabilitation with money allocated by the EU (1).

The Garden Janine (formerly called Jardin Nouveau) group is participating in the "Aix en Transition" initiative, which wants to increase food and energy resilience in order to better prepare for the future. This group initiated and supported the establishment of a vegetable garden benefiting homeless people, hosted in the Humanitarian Division of the "Jas de Bouffan" district (Ref. 1). A garden was previously cultivated on the area, but had become dilapidated. In 2019, much of the area was repurposed as an orchard as the vegetable garden was deemed to require too much continual presence/labour (Ref. 6).

The Sunderland Greenspace Audit explained the city's green space in detail and set guidelines and standards that will help to ensure that all areas of the city have a range of quality green spaces available to them. Hereby the Sunderland City Council wished to improve the green public spaces to retain existing residents and attract new ones, to enhance the image of the city and for it to be used as a means to attract future investment in the form of new shops and jobs (Ref 1).